seriously disabled

Hi all, I have a question. It's regarding chess software. The strongest playing chess playing chess program currently is Rybka 3 developed by Vasik Rajlich. Now there are two compiles of Rybka: there is a 32 version for 32 bit Windows and a 64 bit version for 64 bit Windows. I realized that the 64 bit version playes quite stronger than the 32 bit version. What is the reason for this? Why does the 64 bit version play much stronger?

See http://www.mathwords.com/o/open_interval.htm But in this example it does. In this example the minimum is -2 and the maximum is 3. So why is it really called an open interval?

An open interval is an interval that does not include its end points. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/OpenInterval.html What I don't understand is why is it called an open interval?

I don't get it. In higher elevations in the atmosphere there is less pressure, right? If so shouldn't air from lower regions of the atmosphere where there is more pressure climb up to higher regions of the atmosphere where there is less pressure? If not, why doesn't it happen? Wait a minute... Wikipedia answers the question but I would like a more lengthy explanation: "Hydrostatic equilibrium can explain why the Earth's atmosphere does not collapse to a very thin layer on the ground. In the atmosphere, the pressure of air decreases with increasing altitude. This causes an upward force, called the pressure gradient force, which tries to smooth over pressure differences. The force of gravity, on the other hand, almost exactly balances this out, keeping the atmosphere bound to the earth and maintaining pressure differences with altitude. Without the pressure gradient force, the atmosphere would collapse to a much thinner shell around the earth, and without the force of gravity, the pressure gradient force would diffuse the atmosphere into space, leaving Earth with hardly any atmosphere". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium

What is the origin of the Natufians in the Levant? Where did they come from?

What about other technologies like quantum computing? Scott Aaronson disappoints us with quantum computing. He sais that quantum computers would be exceptionally fast at a few specific task, but it appears that for most problems like playing chess they would outclass today's computers only modesly. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/The_Limits_of_Quantum_Computers.pdf

What is the cause of the cold fronts which dominate Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba and also the northern United States like Massachusetts and Michigan during winter?

But what is the cause of this Alberta clipper and other such cold fronts? For example in Israel we don't have cold fronts like in Florida during winter.

So if I understood correctly computers can only work with numbers of 1 and 0. Still what I don't get is how does the transistor know that say 5V is 1 and 0V is 0 without you telling him what voltage represents 1 and what 0?

That's not completely what I meant. Logic gates are abstract right? So I wondered what their physical or material counterpart is. In what electronic components do they manifest themselves on the electronic circuit? How does the electronic circuit know whether it's a NOT gate, OR gate or AND gate for example? What is their physical or material manifestation on the circuit?

Yes. What i meant is how they manifest themselves in the physical world and not just abstractly.

What is the physical representation of logic gates on the electronic circuit? Are they simply abstract or do they have a physical existence on the electronic circuit?

Montreal in the Quebec province of Canada is located at a latitude of 45°30′N and currently shows a temperature of -28°C. http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/local/CAXX0301?from=enhsearch_loc In Zurich (Switzerland) which is even in a slightly higher latitude than Montreal (47°22′N) it's only 2°C. http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/local/SZXX0033?from=enhsearch_loc I wonder why is Montreal so cold for it's latitude?

This part I didn't understand completely. What do you mean when the temperature gradient gets above the lapse rate then covenction kicks in? What do you mean by 'above'? Also what is the different between the lapse rate and the temperature gradient?

But why does it become meaningless below a few thousand particles?

If I understood correctly, temperature is simply the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system. Temperature differs from heat in that heat is the total energy in a system, the kinetic + the potential energy. What I don't get is, is temperature dependent on the number of moving particles in the system? Let's say there are 2 isolated systems and in one system there there are 10 moving particles and in the second system there are only 3 moving particles . If in both systems the particles have the same kinetic energy, will both systems have the same temperature regardless of the number of particles?

What is the reason that it's colder at higher elevations? Is it because there is less solid mass to heat up at higher elevations?

It is known that when a gas expands it cools down. But why does the decrease in pressure cause the molecules of the gas to slow down?

On the same site, the link showing the complete data set is not working: http://nika.frontier.iarc.uaf.edu/~cswingle/tmp/denali/processed_data

No it was a question. I would really like to know the actual temperature because all I got for now is my estimation.

The peak of Mount Denali at 6194 meters is probably the second coldest place on earth along with Vostok station in Antarctica. The combintion of high latitude (63°4′10″N) and it's very high elevation is what makes mount Mckinley very cold - I mean super-cold. Weather underground shows a temperature of -43.3 in Denali national park at an elevation of only 646 meters. So by extrapolation I guess the temperature on the peak of the mountain should be about -93°C which is probably the lowest temperature on earth.

You mean 42 degree celcius?

Does anyone know the current temperature on the top of mount Mckinley in Alaska?

What I don't understand is how is this binary information realized or expressed in the pits and bumps on the DVD plastic? Since binary information is not a physical thing so how is it expressed on the DVD plastic? Also I thought that only a computer can read binary information so is there a computer in the DVD player?

But in DVDs how does the DVD player convert the laser light into video images? Does it convert it into electrical signal first?