MonDie

Computation is a 'process performed' whereby quantities of logic are compounded into other logical statement(s)!

 

Computing is the informal term used to denote the use of electronic devices to fulfill organizational tasks. The tasks fulfilled can include computation, but is not limited therein.

Computing is the noun from the verb Compute is a process that is more complex than calculate

 

Computation is a work done by a Computer, a Processor, a Virtual Machine, or a Theoretical Machine .. given an Input, upon its Halt, It returns an Output

Aren't these contradicting each other? On Wikipiedia, I read that computing includes systems which were in use before the invention of the computer. For example, the cover of that computing book displays a child with a beads toy used for counting.

What about theoretical computation? Do the words "practical" and "theoretical" imply the difference between having the computer do it for you and making theoretical conjectures based on an understanding of what the computer is doing?

Of the books I looked at, this seemed to be the only cheap book on general computing with good reviews, but reviewers say it's "intermediate" level, and someone said a person should at least know one of a few specific languages before trying it.

The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer From First Principles by Nisan and Schocken

Even the books released in editions have the used copies of their previous editions selling for a lot.

Well, except for some books generally called Computing Essentials (year), (Complete vs Introductory Edition) by O'Leary

However, one edition got a horrendous review.

Indeed, there is a new edition every year, and that reviewer claims that they constantly release new editions without updating the information, which he claims isn't even good information.

However, I found a brief but positive review.

The other reviews are just seller feedback misplaced in the book reviews section.

What is the difference between computing and computation?

I'm looking at books.

I just found a good one for really cheap! I changed my mind and will not reveal the name yet.

Why do these differences in thinking develop, to what degree do the sexes differ, and can these differences (which are correlated with sex) be more strongly correlated with a sex-dependent trait?

The idea that it could be passed down through kin selection has some support from a study revealing that homosexual males tend to have more fecund female relatives.

This is my own speculation, but if it's multiple genes working together, a male might have all the genes to make him homosexual, whereas his heterosexual brother might only have some of those genes. Nonetheless, his heterosexual brother would still be passing down genes which might result in homosexuality in future generations.

Furthermore, they could be genes that only cause homosexuality under certain environmental conditions, which could be partially responsible for the aforementioned situations where people resort to having sexual relationships with the same sex. That would also bring kin selection into play.

The Bonobo chimps are bisexual, and they're closely related to us.

My intention was to get some suggestions about resources to use, but discussion is good too. There doesn't seem to be a whole lot out there about primate diets. I've read some of Primate Behavioral Ecology by Strier, so I might contribute.

Folivorous primates have to counteract the toxins in leaves, which they might do by eating other things. No, the colobus monkey eating burnt wood doesn't have Pica.

The book says insects and leaves are high in amino acids. I eat seaweed, and I read that seaweeds have all essential amino acids. Maybe it was a misunderstanding of this webpage since I was only skimming the "Abstract" portion.

http://www.sciencedi...308814606007655

Leaves are so plentiful, and might we benefit from making them edible? Other primates are already doing it.

"Primates such as howler monkeys, which include a high proportion of leaves in their diets, have even longer large intestines and colons than expected from their body size, giving them longer food passage rates to absorb the nutrients from leaves, which are generally more difficult to digest than fruit (Milton, 1984a). The sacculated stomachs of the Old World colobine monkeys that provide opportunities for microbial action to break down leaves are part of their evolutionarily successful specialization for folivory. And, perhaps because this specialization requires the maintenance of an ionic balance in their guts, many (but not all) colobines tend to avoid mature, sugar rich fruits (Kay and Davies, 1994; Waterman and Kool, 1994)."

 

(Strier 184-5)

 

Strier, Karen. Primate Behavioral Ecology. 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2007. Print.

I feel somewhat disengendered too, but I look very masculine. Sometimes my curious glances are misinterpreted as mean looks. People sometimes think I'm walking toward them angrily when I'm really just walking. I don't believe I could ever commit an act of passionate rage against anyone except one person in my life. Occasionally, I will wear clothes that are very bright and gender neutral, but they don't match as well with my current body as they would have with my innocent childhood body.

"I'm stuck in traffic, will miss my flight, and have to sleep in the airport tonight.

reads like a poem

So, perhaps it's not that they are mentally ill, but their biological design is not to reproduce... which say some pretty odd things in terms of human evolution... perhaps their goal is to be like... like contributors to society... to be worker ants who die out... And it may be some kind of social evolution that's occurring with these individuals.

Group Selection

Sex-Biased Genes

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6519-survival-of-genetic-homosexual-traits-explained.html

but I think it's a form of a person going against their biological design

Implying the assumption that a person's mind is not determined by their biological design.

Could be mutation... Could be that eventually homosexuals will be able to reproduce with each other given a few thousand years... Again, evolution.

Or in a few decades through genetic engineering, although that would probably only be an option for lesbians, and they would only be able to produce baby girls unless a third person donated a Y chromosome. But men wouldn't be necessary anymore if women could produce with each other. Ouch, I hope nobody decides to kill us off.

Xittenn, your post on my thread was very easy to understand. I don't know why you said you should let someone else explain it or "make notes for [me]."

I don't know what is holding you back from having relationships. Now, don't take this next part the wrong way. I don't know you at all, but I think if you were my age, you would be the type of woman I'm attracted to. There's probably a lot of scientist guys who desire smart women with similar interests who appreciate what they do. That really is what turns me on, personally. Your status might just make them more restrained in your presence.

Friendly Smile

Thank you Moontanman. I don't have much to relate to the topic because I'm still only 19, and I haven't read about any case studies.

Something about it does seem wrong to me even if the child is pursuing the adult. Particularly, I'm imagining a young female propositioning an adult male. Maybe it's because little girls are so girly, and I'm disgusted by that extra innocent girliness. Those little girls dressed up like women for pageants just make me shudder.

I suppose a young girl who wasn't being exposed to that girly garbage might not be approaching older men. The same could be true for young men who approach older women. Even at the ages when they have mating urges, it seems unnatural for them to proposition someone who they have had no prior intimate interactions with. For example, a student who is trying to prove his masculinity might proposition the teacher even though he has a much more friendly and intimate relationship with some of his peers.

I once heard this argument, although I don't know where the speaker learned this. The children are victims because they cannot experience intimacy when the act is with an adult. A result of this sex without intimacy is a disconnection between intimacy and sex, so they can never enjoy intimate sex.

Not all cultures besides Western culture have negative attitudes toward homosexuality. It's something for the anthropologists to explain.

What is a meaningful relationship?

What does it look like? Maybe I've seen one before.

I do thank everyone for all the excellent posts so far.

I looked at a library's book on C++, since I might prefer a lower level language.

I use Linux, which is written in C and Assembly. I think I just read that C++ doesn't build on top of C, although it can be converted to C by compilers. I was wondering what this would mean for me if I decide to use C++ to make a program which I want to run on Linux.

Concerning my interest in how information is transferred through the Internet, I don't want to focus on my own operating system because I want to understand how this whole systems involves average people and our society in general.

help.ubuntu.com

"Compiling C and C++ programs requires some packages that are not installed by default.

Install the build-essential package (see Add Applications).

There are many tools available for C and C++ developers. Those wishing to develop graphical applications will find that choosing a graphical toolkit/platform will make development more convenient. The two most popular development platforms for Ubuntu are "GTK/GNOME" and "Qt/KDE", each of which has its own set of tools and documentation."

I hope that is the correct way to give the URI. I wanted to give the URN too, but I couldn't find a serial number, and I wasn't sure if ubuntu.com would be considered an electronic periodical publication (which would have an ISSN).

http://creativecommo...a/3.0/legalcode

I've never seriously tried to learn about computers before, so dumb everything down. I realized that I probably need to learn a programming language first, so I want to know which language(s) would be best for someone who wants to know how data is transferred through the Internet.

To a lesser extent, I'd like to know what might be good for constructing a statistical calculator.

A lot of that was beyond me, but it definitely sounds like I'll need to know about programming so that I can understand how data goes from one place to another. I see that there are different languages. What are the different languages, and how do the different languages relate to each other and types of computer systems?

Why do you guys publish the fact of your knowledge on the internet? They will know that you know how to know what they know, and you know they don't want you to know any of that. I apologize, there's something in my eye.

I was looking at a book called The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is Hiding From You, but it seems more opinion oriented rather than factual. The author said, "an engineer told me there are 57 signals that the site uses to figure out who you are." That's great, but I want to know more about how they do it. Let me talk to the engineer.

I want something that will build up my knowledge from the basics. If you took classes, please recommend the textbooks used in your computer classes. I like buying the slightly outdated or international editions of textbooks for cheap. I'll just read the introductory chapters and anything that pertains to my interest. I can print out long internet sources, since I like to leave the house to get a lot of reading done.

However, I'm very new to all this. Maybe you can also give me an introduction to the different areas of computer science and related topics.

I was recently reading something about the different features a website can recognize you by, and some people got into an argument about whether or not a website could recognize someone's MAC address. I had to Wiki that because I didn't know the difference between MAC and Mac. I'm sure I would have been more interested in the discussion if I knew what all the terms meant.

Here are some questions I generated after looking at this thread. Some vague answers might give me an idea of what goes on with computers and the Internet.

http://www.sciencefo...where-to-begin/

The first responder to this thread makes a distinction between cryptography and computer science. I just read that cryptography is all about data encoding. What societal issues is cryptography related to? What is computer science exactly, and what categories of computer science are related to cryptography?

What does the "system" Tor (The Onion Router) do? I know what a Router is, and I had to hook one up one time.

What are "ports and protocols," and how are they related to hacking? I tried Wikipedia and Dictionary.com, but I couldn't understand their descriptions.

'Good reason' is in the eye of the beholder. Some things are worth taking a risk for.

...although good reasoning would not allow us to act on our impulses irresponsibly.

I think people need to stop thinking about gender norms. Gender stereotypical behaviors are ingrained in different ways.

I was always rebellious. In highschool, I knew I was probably straight, but I would say things suggestive of homosexuality just to test myself and the people I was talking to. Yet, even I had a tendency to brag because I wanted women to think my dominance was attractive. I didn't even really want to date, but I thought I was supposed to.

I think gender-related conformity is generally detrimental for society as a whole. The idea of dominance being masculine has probably motivated a lot of fools to take the power from people who were motivated by good will, and we've subjugated good-willed people because they weren't masculine.

I hope you will be someone who does more than what they're expected to do.

As for those who have ever made even the slightest move toward doing you wrong, fuck them. If you ever decide it would be fun to, say, cancel their classes at school, glue their car doors shut, hide a dead fish in their garage, etc., count me in. One event a week for the next year might be fun.

Vengeful impulses put people into risky situations for no good reason. At best, it could be fun.

Sternberg's factor analysis of love seems to be the most popular study(ies). I briefly read of there being a similar study with similar results.

I will love you if you tell me where I can read about the details of any such studies. Passionately, I would love to see a graph, list of data, etc. which represents the correlations in the factor analysis. If the explicit summaries are in books, I might buy the books if they're attractive.