so, i used to have a beef with newton. i thought that an orbiting body should require the expenditure of anergy.
with the strong nonclear force i can understand not requiring energy,
there's no motion and therefore no change in velocity and therefore no acceleration and therefore no force.
but with an orbiting body there's change in velocity, a change in direction,
therefore force, and force should require the expenditure of energy.
but then i envisioned a pole with one end of rope tied to a pole and the other end tied to a rock,
if you put the rock "into orbit" around the pole, yes the rope is applying force, but i see no reason discounting friction it can't obit indefinitely.
clearly not all force requires energy expenditure.