hermanntrude

it wasn't in the wrong spot at all. I'm glad you got the response you were looking for

yes. In the MSDS I provided, it does say that the toxicity hasnt been thoroughly tested.

gallium is mildly toxic, but is often considered non-toxic. It's not as bad as mercury, and mercury's not actually that bad as long as you dont eat it or breathe it. The trouble with gallium is that it wets the skin unlike mercury. it gets into the crevices in your skin and stains everythin it touches, so it;s nowhere near as much fun. It melts at 29.8°C, which is equivalent to 86°F. Any scientific document that still uses fahrenheit should be burned. If you get gallium, i'd reccomend you only handle it wearing gloves. it'll still melt but you wont be risking anything. here's a better MSDS

i'm really not sure sulphuric will work. I know you love the chenistry which involves the nastiest most hazardous substances you can get hold of, but there's no need to start telling the rest of the world to burn their eyes out too.

we're currently allowing people to ask homework questions either in homework help OR in the respective science category. It does cause confusion i'll admit. Have a quick read of the rules. it really helps get to know how a forum works if you've at least skimmed the rules

usually the less harsh the conditions you use the easier the mess is to clean up afterwards. H2SO4 is notorius for creating a thick oily mess of by-products instead of any useful products. It's also usually impure.

zellinger, this question is almost certainly a homework question. This forum's policy on homework is not to give out the answer but provide sources and clues so that a student can learn for themselves

in water, all the strong acids (HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3) are the same "strength". And why do you want a very strong acid anyway?

OK and why do u want to make HBr?

i guess so, yes. Anyway the potassium iodide you get at the pharmacy is probably not pure. There probably is a common-person's source for sodium iodide... I just dont know what it is

sodium iodide is added in small quantities to salt in some countries... but i dont know how to separate it from the sodium chloride. It's probably in chemistry sets and you can buy it pure from chemical companies if you're the purchaser for an educational or research facility. there may be other sources. I just buy it from aldrich, but you need to be someone with the authority to do that, usually

first of all, where will you get your sodium metal? second of all, please don't try it, even outside. sodium and bromine are probably the two most unpredictable and violent elements you can get hold of and mixing the two is heavy stuff

hmm not quite the same danger but similar. The nitric acid and copper coin is dngerous mostly because of the toxic gases given off. This reaction is dangerous because it's fast and hot AND bromine is a very reactive liquid which might fly around a lot in the case of an explosion. It's also very volatile so it'll form toxic gas as well as being a toxic liquid

OK what is it about the cycloalkane conformations that makes one higher than the other?

google is your friend, guys. Try searching for "nickel determination" or "titration for nickel" or "nickel gravimetric analysis" or something along those lines.

there's nothing hard about it, except that it involves a VERY violent reaction.

is the title the only thing you've been given? be specific and try to use your imagination. What is milk made of? what might it contain? look at a carton of milk and have a look at the nutrition information

Please don't try this unless you have VERY SERIOUS safety gear. I've reacted sodium with chlorine before and it's a VIOLENT reaction. Part of the danger with the reaction nitric suggested would be that bromine is a liquid and the reaction takes the form of an explosion. Fiery bromine flying through the air is not a pleasant prospect. Nitric, please don't suggest such irresponsible methods without pointing out the dangers involved. You might know it's not safe, but you can't assume everyone who reads the post also knows it.

hehehe awesome

it might be better to figure out their name in words and use THAT for a search...

I wouldn't say the crystals were "embedded" in the liquid, it's just the same as ice in water, except a lot hotter and metallic. Bismuth is unusual in that the crystals are lighter than the liquid... some of them form at the bottom (attached to the pan) and some form floating on the surface. The crystals do not and can not continue to grow after the liquid is poured off. There would be nothing for them to form from. It's just like ice in water. Pour off the water and the ice cannot grow. it doesn't make sense to say that the crystals get bigger over time. As the solid becomes a solid mass in the pan, it changes its structure from the rhombohedral structures you see in my photos to a flakier more "normal" looking metallic structure. There is a perfect time to pour off the liquid to get the best crystals and it's when about one third of the metal has solidified. Yes it's important to drain it before it becomes a single piece. A single piece has no beautiful crystals and has a different structure. it's also paramagnetic and i wanted diamagnetic crystals for a demonstration. A cover for the melting pot might help but i havent tried it. The process works perfectly if you just let it cool naturally. It tends to crystallise from the bottom upwards but sometimes crystal form at the surface too.

you also need to know the significant figure rules and how to use scientific notation the top half (or so) of this page should be useful. If you have any difficulties, just ask for further clarification.

dont forget that you have to multiply each product and each reactant by its stoichiometric coefficient

i will like to know why anyone would want to further concentrate aqua regia. it's one of the most corrosive substances known to man already. why try to make it more concentrated? that's insane

the hybridisation belongs to the respective atoms. That depends on what other bonds the atoms are involved in. The quintuple bond consists of a sigma bond, two pi bonds and two delta bonds