granpa

the animation covers a full 25 hour period and is based on satellite data http://www.esr.org/ptm_index.html TPXO7.1 is a medium-resolution, 1/4o x 1/4o global inverse tide model developed by Gary Egbert and Lana Erofeeva at Oregon State University. The model domain includes ocean cavities under the floating ice shelves in Antarctica and Greenland. TPXO7.1 assimilates TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and TOPEX Tandem satellite radar altimetry (available for the ice-free ocean between +/-66o latitude), and in situ tide gauge data in the Antarctic (see ESR’s Antarctic Tide Gauge Database) and the Arctic (cf. the Arctic inverse model AOTIM-5). TPXO7.1 is one of the most accurate global tidal solutions, particularly for high latitudes because of the assimilation of tide gauge data and since it utilizes recent Antarctic grounding line information. TPXO7.1 is distributed with a Matlab Graphical User Interface ("GUI") called "TMD" (the Tide Model Driver). TMD can be used to quickly access and browse the model, and to make tide height and current (velocity component) predictions. The TMD package also contains scripted functions for use in batch-mode Matlab processing. For an overview of the GUI and scripts, view or download the README PDF file. For FORTRAN access, please go to the Oregon State "OTIS" web page. Please reference Egbert and Erofeeva (2002) for the use of TPXO7.1. Contact Laurie Padman for advice on which model to use for a particular application, to be added to an update notification list, or for further information on the tide models. http://volkov.oce.orst.edu/tides/ http://volkov.oce.orst.edu/tides/ TPXO*.* is a current version of a global model of ocean tides, which best-fits, in a least-squares sense, the Laplace Tidal Equations and along track averaged data from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason (on TOPEX/POSEIDON tracks since 2002) obtained with OTIS. The methods used to compute the model are described in details by Egbert, Bennett, and Foreman,1994 and further by Egbert and Erofeeva, 2002 The tides are provided as complex amplitudes of earth-relative sea-surface elevation for eight primary (M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, Q1), two long period (Mf,Mm) and 3 non-linear (M4, MS4, MN4) harmonic constituents, on a 1440x721, 1/4 degree resolution full global grid (for versions 6.* and later). Each latest version of the TPXO model is of better quality compared to the earlier versions, since: it assimilates longer satellite time series; more data sites are included into assimilation; bathymetry is improving from version to version; resolution of global and local grids is improving from version to version; click here for details of transfrom TPXO7.1 => TPXO7.2

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/aboutus/jlowenstern/other/LowSmithHill_RSL.pdf Given the size of the caldera and the implied depths, it is reasonable to infer that at least 15 000 km3 of crystal-melt mush are located beneath the Yellowstone caldera, at depths from ca 8 to 18 km. If melt fractions are 0.1–0.15, then sufficient melt exists to form the mass for a super-eruption—if it can be extracted and accumulated into an eruptible volume. Most geophysical images have insufficient resolution to define volumes less than ca 10 km on a side. It is fully plausible that volumes with high melt fractions (more than 0.6) exist within dikes and sills within the greater magma chamber, and could erupt as moderate-volume (less than 100 km3) lavas or pyroclastic flows.

we should be looking for living molecules in giant molecular clouds. perhaps PAH based life.

gigantothermia is not the same as warm-blooded.

the dinosaurs lost their advantage when the arctic expanded. warm blooded mammals then began to take over.

warm blooded animals cant get as large as cold blooded animals (except for blue whales which spend much of their time in arctic waters where a cold blooded animal could never go)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_for_tat tit for tat is very effective especially if there are many other players using that stategy but it fails completely if everyone else is cheating each other. under those circumstance cheating is the only winning strategy.

multicellular organisms probably evolved from multi-nucleate cells like ciliates read up on paramecium the key difference between vertebrates, arthropods, and molluscs originally was the way they moved vertebrates wriggled arthropods walked molluscs slid vertebrates then passed through a weird phase as echinoderms before finally developing backbones

what are you talking about? the idea is to release the pressure before it builds to dangerous levels by blasting a hole into the crust Thats the whole point.

obviously it would only be used for the biggest most destructive caldera volcanoes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australasian_strewnfield The Australasian strewnfield, covering at least one-tenth of the Earth's surface, is the largest and the youngest of the tektite strewnfields. The 800,000 year-old strewnfield includes most of Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Southern China, Laos and Cambodia). Also, some recent estimates suggest that the strewn field may cover 30% of the earths surface (Povenmire et al.). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australite The australites acquired their streamlined, aerodynamic forms when they re-entered the Earth's atmosphere while molten and travelling at high velocities.[1]

one could use an atom bomb to release the pressure before it builds up to dangerous levels

actually pair production and annihilation could explain why the cmb is such a uniform temp. the highest temp the universe could ever have been is the temp at which pair production occurs. there may have been a long period of time when the whole universe was at precisely that temp. during that time matter and antimatter somehow became separated. then when the universe expanded it cooled to below that temp and pair production ceased.

genes that lower our survival rate can and do out-compete other genes. they just have to lower the survival rate of all other genes even more. its a jungle out there.

pi is determined by the metric of space as long as c2 = a2 + b2 pi will not change http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lp_space for the taxicab metric pi = 4, tau = 8

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon_acoustic_oscillations

how do you think it cools? it cools by radiating the energy as infrared light. the total amount of energy is not changed.

energy is conserved. it just changes form. the energy 'lost' from work generally becomes heat

hes talking about gravitational potential energy. its hawkings theory.

universe is losing energy all the time??? energy is conserved.

https://forums.craigslist.org/?ID=201238589

space is made of 'events'. events usually interact is a space-like way but they dont have to do so. they can interact in other ways too. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement

you will get increasing redshift with distance even if the expansion isnt accelerating or decelerating.

fire can grow and maintain itself but isnt alive. the ability to evolve is essential

the universe is fundamentally made of 'events'. space and time are just aspects of how events in our universe interact. the interaction of 2 events is itself an event