sunspot

A more detailed way to explain why water creates a lopsided potential has to do with orbitals. The oxygen atom ends in three 2P orbitals, which are orientated x,y,z, in space. It has four electrons in these orbitals and would like to get six to fill all six lobes. This will also complete the octet of electrons, i.e., 2S and 2P orbitals. As oxide or O-2, this occurs. Oxides of minerals are very stable and form crystals in various arrangements. These crystal arrangments will often spread the two negative charges of oxide over six or even more positive neighbors within a crystal lattice. All the P orbitals lobes share the extra charge. In the case of water, the three 2P orbitals of oxygen are hybridized. Essentially the 2S and 2P orbitals of oxygen combine to make four sp3 orbitals. This is different than atomic oxygen which only has three 2P orbitals exposed to the world. Its 2S orbital remains buried underneath. The hybrid orbitals bring the 2S electrons of oxygen more to the surface and pulls the 2P orbitals down a little. This changes the combined orbital geometry into four tetrahedral orbitals. When a hydrogen is bonded to oxygen, such as within water, the sharing with these sp3 hybrid orbitals gives the hydrogen's 1S electron more P-character. It sort of ionizes it slightly, delocalizing it toward the oxygen to fill the octet. This is stable for the oxygen because oxygen is trying to complete its sp3 hybrid orbitals. But it is unstable for the hydrogen because hydrogen's shared electrons is being ionized to be part of a P character hydrid orbital. In other words, although hydrogen still has an electron, that electron is in an excited state relative to the needs of hydrogen, because it is holding the electron at a further distance in a partial P character orbital instead, of closer, like it would prefer, in an S orbital. With oxygen this does not pose the same ionization type problem, since this is where oxygen needs the electrons to be for stability. The net result is that hydrogen ends up with a higher potential than the oxygen.

The problem with that explanation is that ammonia has a dipole and also forms hydrogen bonds but does not expand on freezing nor does anything else natural, except the metal antimony. A simple charge dipole will get closer and closer as heat is taken away since there is less molecular movement resisting the attraction. This should continue upon freezing contacting further upon further cooling. Yet water pulls the charge away from each other during freezing so it can expand. This should be endothermic, if only charge attraction mattered, but it actually gives off energy even with the charge potential increasing. In other words, the charge dipole is worse off during frezing, yet the expanded water is more stable. It is not as simple as a charge dipole.

Like I said, I invented it about 15 years ago and never published it. It was too different to be acceptable by anyone I contacted, back then. One of the problems is that it is so compact, yet says the same things normally requiring a whole book. If fact, all major orientations are subsets of this theory. Maybe its simplicity means it is closer to the truth rather than other theories that are still trying to rationalize intuitions. Because it was so compact and not wordy enough for a book, I would often attempt to extrapolate from this foundation using the knowledge I had gained from my unconscious research. This would lose my audience because I was trying to discuss pioneering research. It was only published here on this forum, and one other. The way I used it during my research was that when an unconscious phenomena became time projected I would try to plot it at higher than 3-D based on its time scale. Based on that position, I would then notice its primary output between 1-D and 3-D. Most of the earliest stuff was outputting at less much less 2-D. Often two or more time projections would happen simultaneously, less than 2-D and higher than 2-D. These were creative times where I was also very irrational. It gave me a way to separate the things. Creativity is often manic depressive. One goes into a creative brooding state. Often one tries to fight the depression or whatever. But after a while I began to recognize the cycle and would let it play. Shortly after I would go into a manic cycle of creative energy. After a while I could time the creative cycle and accept both as part of the whole. Not willingly accept the dark part of the cycle but learned to live with it until I realized it was a creative brood. The longest broods created my best theories but were the most unbearable. Bit the up cycle were the best of times. It made me feel like I was running on all cylinders. Often much of that was irrational inflation that drove me on. In retropsect, some time cycles lasted years with subcycles at the same time.

What gave me this idea was the ancient chinese oracle called the I Ching. With this, one throws three similar coins six times. The head/tail combinations of each throw set up a hexagram. One then looks up the hexagram in a book of 64 possiblities an it is suppose to tells one's fortune. The fortune is usually more about the state of mind one. It is sort of a combination of random toss and synchronicity. I was trying to cut out the middle man. In my experience the more rational my mindset the less it works. While during creative times when things are a little more irrational and less rational the more it works. It must be function of how much unconscious is conscious.

The answer is due to the unique nature of hydrogen bonds. Here is what happens. When water molecules form, the oxygen takes the lion's share of the electron density in its two covalent bonds with hydrogen. The oxygen is stabilized by this extra electron density, while the hydrogen is given a potential. The oxygen is stabilized because it is able to complete its outer octet of 2P electrons. In liquid water, because the oxygen went through so much trouble to get this extra electron density away from hydrogen, it does not want to share it with any of hydrogen's cousins on other water molecules, or it would lose some of its octet stabilty. So the selfish oxygen will twist away making it hard for hydrogen to form linear bonds. The partial covalent nature of hydrogen bonds implies that the strongest hydrogen bonds need to be linear, to line up the orbitals. Angle deviation away from linear will cause the hydrogen bond energy to drop off quickly. The twisting away of oxygen weakens the hydrogen bond requiring hydrogen come in closer to lower its residul potential using what is left, i.e., electrostatic attraction. This cause water to contact upon melting. As we chill water to the freezing point, the oxygen can no longer twist away allowing the hydrogen bonds to develop their covalent character. This makes the hydrogen bonds linear. This allows the hydrogen to lower its potential at a further distance due to the linear nature of the bonds making them partially covalent, therefore defining higher bonding energy. This unique molecular observation within nature demonstrates that although water defines a dipole, the hydrogen has more potential for the electrons of oxygen than the oxygen has potential for the positive charge of the hydrogen. If the potential was the same, both charges would attempt to lower their mutual potential. The cooling into ice would remove resistance allowing them to attract the closest and ice would contract, like all other polar solids. The opposite happens. With a potential imbalance, the hydrogen really wants some and the oxygen plays hard to get, causing the hydrogen to have to move in closer. When they freeze the oxygen can not longer resist, allowing the hydrogen to use the optimize partial covalent hydrogen bonding distance. This will slightly destablize the octet stability of oxygen. As such, oxygen will share, but only at a longer distance. If we pump in some energy, the oxygen will again twist away, to regain its octet stability, causing the hydrogen to have to move in closer to lower potential. The result will be water contracting.

If we look at the magnetic field of the sun or earth. It only has two poles, most of the time. The particle beams had three. The difference is that the gravity pressure/density is able to hold one of the protons close. Or rather they diffuse slowly to the fusion. The other two beams are electrons and protons going in the opposite directions. Opposite charges going in opposite directions is the same as two similar charges going in the same directions. This cause the magnetic field to be directional. This technique also allows the sun to build up atoms without a lot of smoke. The smoke is not observed at a level proportional to the rate of fusion.

If we start with a fluffy cloud of mostly iron, oxygen, and silicon and allow it to collapsed due to gravity, it will not take long for the compression heat to cause the oxygen to react with the silicon and iron. The silicon would end up as SiO2, which is what is observed. A lot of the iron should do the same and will end up as both Fe2O and FeO. Either way we lose much of the solid iron and the magnetic field since I do not believe oxides of iron are very magnetic. Much of this iron oxide should end up in the crust, which is not observed, at least at the levels consistent with its assumed proportion. The spheres in the box analogy would work if all the materials were inert. But if we make sticky oxygen balls, the distribution will not end up the same. Meaning more iron should be observed on the surface. The surface of the red planet mars (iron oxide) is more what one would from the earth if the earth had as much iron as predicted.

Ecoli made a point about friction within our upper atmosphere causing space junk to lower its velocity causing it to fall to the earth. That seems reasonable. But it rasies another question; isn't the earth in the sun's atmosphere. We call it the solar wind. Where does the earth get the energy to overcome this friction and not end up with a decaying orbit?

Here is an age old observation. If anyone has had a glass of ice water they will notice that the ice floats on top. This is due to water expanding when it becomes ice making it less dense than liquid water. The question is, why does this anomaly occur?

Here is a link that gives the calculated composition of the earth. http://www.seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/earth.html. They have iron first and oxygen second. The only one that I disagree with is iron. This assumes an iron core. Nobody ever reached the core to know for sure. The way I look at it, the most abundant material should be one of the primary ingredients of everywhere including the surface. If the earth was originally a ball of fluffy dust/gas and things like lead and gold can reach the surface, and with iron being so dominant, there should be more iron on the surface, at least in the same ballpark as number two, oxygen. That aside, I was actually trying to start a fun conceptual modelling thread; a new approach to fusion. It is wide open for speculation because it has not yet been done. Everyone contemplates blackholes, the edge of the universe, etc. This is something fresh for speculation. Fusion currently revolves around the neutron. The fusion bombs use deuterium and tritium to take advantage of the extra neutrons. This has been demonstrated and it does work. The current contained fusion extends this demonstratable fusion and is trying to improve something that is test proven.The only problem with this approach is that neutrons are not very stable. Unless a neutron remains within a nucleus, a neutron is very hot and makes a lot of nuclear smoke (by-products). For a bomb this is fine because the goal is damage. What I suggest is using the much more stable electrons and protons as the foundation particles. These will not make as much smoke because they have been shown to be stable in all type of extreme environments. Opposite charges attract. That is old time physics. If they were to neutralize each other, there is a lot of energy. It also removes the EM force from the picture. The unified force will conserve that force into somewhere else maybe as nuclear force. This combination makes a neutron, which is why we need a second proton. If gives the new neutron a proton for stability. The second conceptual constraint is the nature of the nuclear force and fusion. Nuclear force only works in close quarter, so things need to get close. Getting close can occur with both fast and slow particles. But is easier to get things to stick is they are going slower. If anyone plays pool, if you hit one ball with another, there is a transfer of momentum making it harder to stick. If one wants to block an opponent, you hit the ball lightly and try to make it stop as close as possible, so there is no easy way around. A good point that was made is that this is not the most exothermic reaction for fusion. This is true, but less exothemic is easier to contain. One may ask, why not just make deuterium instead of deuterium radicals? The answer is that the first protypes will not be so accurate and radicals or almost deuterium will happen more often than deuterium. So why not run with it, and use the practical limitations to our advantage. I chose nitrogen to make oxygen because both are extremely stable and should not make much smoke for that reason. Oxygen is the king of earth chemistry. There may be a debate with respect to abundance, but oxygen plays a much more central role in earth chemistry than iron. Even iron will bow down to oxygen. The nuclear structure of oxygen must have something special about it to be places so high in chemistry, So what I figured, lets go from N to O to creates that something special. The deuterium radicals should cooperate, when nitrogen is heated by brake heat and its protons are place in an excited state. What is interesting about oxygen is it is highly electronegative, meaning it can hold more electrons than protons. In the crust it exists as oxide, where it holds two extra electrons that it has protons. This is also good, because oxygen should create less electron smoke. There are two practical problems from an engineering point. First, how do you contain the nitrogen and how do we make the brakes energy effecient. Nitrogen can be contained as solid or liquid nitrogen, but that will absorb some of the heat requiring faster particles and bigger brakes. One possible brake solution that gets around this is to double up on the particles beams so there are two pairs of triplets (P,P,E). If the beam pairs oppose they should should repel each other at the target allowing weaking brakes to stop and stir. At the same time, like driving a car, one should not ride the brakes but only use them when needed. The magnnetic brakes should probably to be off, and turned on only at the last instant before impact. If nitrogen works maybe we can then use a carbon target. This would allow our two triplet beams to use a diamond target. This gets us around the cold constraint of nitrogen, allowing weaker beams. This target would allow us to make nitrogen. The oxygen may be a by-product. A second pulse should convert the remaiing nitrogen into oxygen. If our process is not 100% effecient, our waste products would be C, N, O and H. But that is cool, these are the building blocks of the life.

The elliptical orbit implies that the earth sees various amounts of gravity on its journey around the sun. An ellipse has two foci, which would amount to two apparent centers of gravity. Such a journey also implies that the velocity of the earth around the sun is not constant. It slows down to a minimum, and then speeds back up to a maximum, only to slow down again, etc. If gravity is pulling inward, where does the earth get the energy to not be pulled in? In space journeys, we can use gravity to slingshot space vehicles. But these are hyperbolic orbits instead of elliptical. I have no problem with that geometry. But an elliptical orbit implies two centers of gravity that keeps something in place. The relativity/gravity explanation raises an interesting conceptual problem. Time and distance measurements on the earth should vary slightly over the year since the space/time warping seen by the earth varies along the orbit due to two centers of gravity.

This topic is an extension to support the theory that there is a fusion core in the center of the earth. The goal is to discuss a fusion approach than can take advantage of the potential created by the earth's fusion core. If look at the earth the most abundant element is oxygen. It is not only a very stable nuclei but it is also the backbone of earth chemistry. The minerals of the crust are oxides and if free oxygen is present, it will react with almost everything on the surface that does not already have oxygen. This very special place in chemistry implies that oxygen should be the goal of fusion, to take advantage of oxygen's stability and its central position within earth chemistry. The way I would do it, is with deuterium radicals and nitrogen nuclei. By deuterium radicals, I visualize a semi-stable state of deuterium that can be pulled into the nuclear force of nitrogen to form oxygen. To perform this experiment we need two protons, an electron and a nitrogen target. What we do is accelarate the protons and electron at the target, maybe as x,y,z. The trick is, at the last instant, we put on the brakes so we have only a slight fender bender. The idea is to almost stop the protons and electron at the target, while using the brake heat, so the three particles kiss close to the nitrogen nuclei. The hope is a semi-stable deuterium radical will form that will be sucked into nitrogen's nuclear force to form oxygen. Before such an experiment can occur we need some revolutionary engineering that can make the magnetic brakes. Not just any magnetic brakes, but a design that is sort of like synergy, where the original kinetic energy of the particles become heat around the target area. This would not be a laboratory setting experiment. It is essentially three particle beams creating a fusion bomb.

I will end this topic with a few closing remarks. When I began to conteplate the earth, the reality was that nobody can 100% prove what is going on in the core of the earth. It comes down to educated opinion. The approach I took was to see if it was possible to make an integrated model of the earth. I began with the standard theories and found that there were too many discontinuities. But then I relaized that this was an arifact of scientific investigation. In other words, for science to have begun, 100 years ago, with the assumption of the integration of nature, that would have made scientific investigation an order of magnitude more difficult. It was easier to break things down into bit-size chunks so we can begin to understand how the pieces work, first. But the theories of the ideal pieces don't always fit back together perfectly, so we use statistics to help factor out these tell-tales signs of a different integration, which conflicts with our understanding of the ideal parts. In my case, I tried to use what we know to conceptually build a more integrated model. The parts are the fusion core model are not very differentiated in the strict scientific sense. This is where there is a class of philiosophy. But on my behalf the lack of integration is a short coming of existing theory. I am a community of one and felt that my time was better served building an integrated framework instead of a bunch of disjointed parts.

One conceptual problem of the earth rotating around the sun is perpetual motion. If the gravitational force is perpendicular to the motion and the earth's velocity allows it to overcome the force, where does the energy come from so the earth can overcome the work created by the sun's gravity and maintain velocity. Most space junk eventually falls to the earth unless we periodically added energy to maintain the orbit. Relativity sort of explains this with a curving of space time. Does that mean that since we are in that curved space/time that our standards of length and time need to be adjusted to compensate? If we go to Mars will time and distance be slightly different?

The visable spectrum is at the right energy level for the needed biochemical changes associated with vision. IR is a little too weak and UV is a little too strong. Once the light goes into the eyes, the optic nerves are like super high tech fiber optical cables that go into the brain. One of the important wiring points, on its journey to the back of the brain, is within the center of the brain, where it crosses itself and reverses the wires. The center of the brain is where memory is created, changing the visual signals into structural cerebral memory. This same wiring allows similar input signals to reinforce existing memory so we can become conscious of the visual stimulus while also allowing associations. Added to this is the affect of the imagination. The optical wires terminate in the back of the brain. While the imagination is located in the front of the brain (more or less). This allows direct visual data to become superimposed with imagination based data. For example, this allows the scientist to see the real data while also using their imagination to analyze the visual data around theories in sort of in a see-saw fashion. The imagination can also directly superimpose onto the reality data to get a combined affect. This allows one to see pattens that overlay the direct sensory data. This is common at night in the woods, where shadows might look like animals. Or during cloud watching, where imaginary patterns appear in the clouds. There is even one addtional piece to the puzzle. This has to do with sensory expectation created by knowledge. For example, if a pet rock is considered important by culture, the reality visual data of just a rock, can induce preprogrammed subjectivity making it more that it really it. This is part imagination, part direct visual, and part emotional/physical feedback.

The thought dimension range, from 1-D to 3-D, represents various types of memory organization within the cerebral matter. They appear to overlap everywhere within the cerebral matter, although the left hemisphere is more rational or 2-D and the right hemisphere is more 3-D. The memory was traditionally called the soul. I use this ancient terminology because, although the ancient mind often projected the soul into nature, they seemed well aware of how it was organized. I use their nomenclature out of respect for their observations. In tradition, the soul is static and given life by spirits. The spirits represent the thought dimensional range from 0-D to 1-D and from 3-D to 4-D. The 1-D thoughts are infinite lines of memory. These are our memories that remain continuously, such as letters of an alphabet. Thought dimension less that 1-D represent finite lines of thought that last only a finite duration of time. The finite lines of instinctive memory or the instinctive potentials begin at 0.5-D and almost reach 1-D. They are separated from 1-D by a discontinuity. At 0.5-D is the life threatening fear associated with fight/flight. This finite line of instinctive memory lasts about 10-20 seconds. After that the animal was caught or escaped. During this finite line of 0.5-D memory, the whole body and mind is integrated for the needs of survival. Slightly below 1-D, is the finite line of memory called sleep/rest and lasts about 8 hours. This longer finite line of instinctive memory integrates the body and the mind for the needs of the body and mind that are addressed during sleep. Between rest and fear is desire at about 0.75-D. Between desire and rest is sexual desire. And between sexual desire and rest is love. Between fear and desire is hate. Between hate and desire is hunger/thirst. Hunger is desire/ hate in that one must can kill or destroy (chew) that which was originally desired. Love/hate relationships are sometimes aberrations of the hunger potential. The range from 0.5-D to almost 1-D, is traditionally referred to as the animal spirits. These animate the soul with instinctive potentials. When memory is created within the limbic system the memory will be given an association with an instinctive potential. For example, if one is hungry and eat a new food they like that food will have an hunger potential tagged onto it. The way the animal spirits work is when one of these finite lines of memory is induced, within the center of the brain, changes will occur within the blood and/or within the cerebral spinal fluid. This will cause all the neurons to alter their firing rates, shifting the conscious memory grid toward the memories that were created/associated at that particular potential. When the finite line of instinctive memory ends, the body gradually cleans out the blood and/or the CSF, shifting the firing rate of the neurons and the conscious memory grid. For example, an animal might be induced with instinctive fear of a predator. After fight/flight, the animal will often remain agitated for a little while until the blood clears the adrenaline. Typically, another finite line of instinctive potential will occur connected to thirst and/or for rest, each with its cerebral memory grid becoming conscious for that potential. Often the hunger of grazing animals appears constant. It is actually part of a feedback loop that will replay the finite hunger potential, periodically, until there is feedback that they are full. This will shut off the replay button. A lion will gorge during the hunger potential and will continue to eat beyond the feedback of being full. This is due to the hunger memory needing to play until is ends. The feedback will not start another loop if the lion is stuffed. Since the 1-D line of memory is infinite, a 0-D line will be a point or an instant. This would be analogous to something infinitely fast such as the Big Bang. As we go higher that 0-D, this would imply nuclear type vibrations, and then chemical transitions, until at 0.25-D we enter the realm of biochemical transitions. The memory range from about 0.25-D to 0.5-D, is associated with biochemical processes. The range from 3-D to 4-D represent time projections of 3-D memory and begin at about 16 hours or the amount of wake time in a normal day. Time projection is essentially the 3-D memory being extrapolated to the future. The unconscious will time project to the future and then replays back how it got there and tries to reorganize the present to help optimize the needs of the future. It is sort of like planning a vacation where one looks at the optimum vacation, trying to do everything. Next, one goes back and sees what is practical in the time and money limitations, and then attempts to set up a schedule to assure the most vacation utility. Like in real life, things always come up along the vacation, requiring one adjust their plans around constantly appearing/changing contingencies. The unconscious cycles between time projection and replay optimization. Time projection to 3.5-D would represent a lifetime time projection to physical death. One may notice that the fear of death, fight/flight at 0.5-D, is sort of analogous to 3.5-D. These represent the outer limits of ego consciousness. Beyond 3.5-D would represent time projections that help evolve a species, with the range below 0.5-D being the biochemical changes associated with the same evolution. We often call this relationship selective evolution, but in this case the conscious adjustment will appear first via an unconscious time projection helping the future of the species. This is the other side of the DNA mutation coin, associated with improved behavior that passes forward within a species through learning. For example, Einstein relativity outlived him and became a seed of thought that has advanced the way that humans view the universe. The biochemical change might be the rewiring of the mind, through education, which alters that way we see things. As the time projections approach 4-D, these would be time projections to eternity. The role that religion has played, and still plays, is anancient intuition that the unconscious can time project to infinity. Knowing what the ego knows or has programmed into the cerebral memory sets a limit and the type of extrapolation that can occur. This may be where the concept of God fits in and why the concept continues to evolve with time and culture. The range from 3-D to 4-D has been traditional called Divine spirits. There appears to be a discontinuity at 4-D. This is the discontinuity between science and religion.

It is a correlation of various types of thought using a geometric analogy. What kind of prediction would you like? For example, below and above 2-D show prestige and logic. These can often occur together. Most people are not aware that just because the consensus says it is so does not make it rational. Often the irrational is taken as a logical starting point. If the extrapolation from there is good logic, all the conclusions will logically follow and will also be assumed true. However, with the starting premise irrational, even at any level, the conclusion will also be propagating some of the irrational even though they are logically consistent. For example, one of the assumptions before Columbus was that the world was flat. If one assumes this is true, than there must be an edge to the world since one can see the horizon. Either the edge must be dammed up or has a major water fall or both. If one goes to the edge one will fall off. As such, anyone who attempts to find the edge must either be crazy or suicidal. The logic was good, but based on an erroneous starting premise. This starting premise was maintained because of its prestige in religion, creating the illusion that the logic was also true. Some of modern science does the same thing. The Big Bang Theoyr has conceptual problems but is maintained due to its prestige, such that science continues to do some very good science based on the prestige of this fuzzy starting premise. Another example is statistical studies. This fuzzy data allows even opposing theories to exist side by side. Both can not be true. As such if one is truth and the other is false, why is the other still called science if it is an illusion? For example, if the speed of light was 186,000 mi/sec plus or minus 10%. It could not be used in solid math. It would mean that the speed of light could be exceeded in a random fashion. This would lead to all kinds of fantasies that would be called valid science if they obey the laws of logic. Fortuneately, we know it is 1-D and are therefore much more confident in the conclusions.

Doesn't this also mean that a large fraction of the light energy within the expanding universe will outrun the matter? In other words, if we very start small, the first blast of energy will outrun any matter into space, since it travels at C and matter is constrained to less than C. As the universe expands, radiate energy will expand out from all the expanding particles points, recycling more and more energy, everywhere, except the outer perimeter. This matter will have an open side. How much energy was lost in the process of the universe reaching its current size?

Thought Dimensionality Theory was invented about 15 years ago. It helped me during my early explorations of the unconscious mind. The first level is 1-D thoughts. These are linear thoughts with a 1 to 1 correspondence. For example, letters of an alphabet are 1-D. The speed of light is 1-D, in that it is the same in all references. It is what it is, very linear, nothing more or less. The second level of thought is 2-D. This is the basis for logic: cause and affect. The 1-D memories will populate the x, y-axis of cause and affect. One can then make rational comparisons. This is like a zigzag line moving between the two axes. For example, although the speed of light is constant or 1-D, it has many logical implications. The 1-D thoughts are sort of cause without affect. Within a 2-D plane of logic one can give affect to this 1-D cause to define cause and affect relationships. The third level of thought is 3-D. This is the basis for cause, affect, and something else, which create a 3-D relationship among a wide range of cause and affects. For example, the concept of the unified force is 3-D, in that it integrates the four forces of nature. The something else needed to make it work still eludes science, yet most have a gut feeling that it is possible. The gut feeling senses the something else. The religious concept of God is also 3-D, in the sense that God is the physical and spiritual universe all woven together. It is a concept beyond reason and also needs to be perceived with intuition. The 1-D thoughts are analogous to lines. As thought dimension increases slightly from 1-D curvature is added to the line. For example, most words have several meanings. In other words, there is a slight twist added to a 1-D thought. Statistical data is more than 1-D, in the sense, that the data is not absolute cause or 1-D, but often has several interpretations. As thought dimension increases further, the curvature will increase, until at 1.5-D the line curves upon itself to form a circle. The ring has long been the symbol of marriage and unity in culture. This level of thought dimension is associated with prestige or a subjective enhancement associated with objects and ideas. The ring enhances the person with the prestige of marriage to another. As the dimension increases from 1.5-D, the little circle expands, until at 2-D it becomes an infinite plane of logic. The crown of the king is a large circle that marries him to his people. The larger circle extends the prestige affect. Thought dimensions from 1.5-D, up to, but not including 2-D, are thoughts associated with a prestige affect with the highest dimensions associated with universal prestige. Money is almost 2-D, and represents the outer limit of prestige. For example, there is no logical reason why a pet rock could become so popular. However, using marketing to increase its thought speed association, from say 1.51-D to 1.9-D, it become important at an irrational social level, because it was given a higher social prestige value. Our political process is based on the prestige affect. It is most obvious in that the higher one goes in the system the more subjective enhancement they have, even if they are not qualified for the job. The election process is not fully rational since it usually comes down to mudslinging in the attempt to lower their opponent’s prestige value. A rational person would not care about light mud stains as long as they get job done and do it well. But an irrational person is stuck making their assessment at less than 2-D where prestige created or loss is the basis for their decisions. Dogma is also based on prestige at less than 2-D. It is not rational and often is not allowed to be subject to reason. Its position or social influenced is based on its prestige value staying close to 2-D. There appears to be a discontinuity between prestige and rational, although both often work together being a combination of the two. For example the theory of the earth’s iron core is has conceptual problems at the rational level, that makes it less than certain, but it retains its position in rational science due to its prestige. At 2-D, the prestige circle expands into the infinite plane of cause and affect. It is infinite in the sense that there are endless casual relationships in nature, no longer limited by the restrictions of prestige and dogma, both of which narrow the thinking field. As one goes faster than 2-D, this is analogous to making a rational drawing on the plane. The curved lines on the drawing are often subtle shades of word meaning. At 2.5-D, which is the upper limit of cause and affect, one can make a 3-D image. These look 3-D to the eyes, but are really drawn of a 2-D plane, to create an image of 3-D, due to shadowing and/or highlighting. For example, both political parties can draw spatial images, which sell their orientations as being the best path for the nation. Yet the reality is that they both have good and bad points. The 3-D depth of their images is primarily due to the shadowing caused by the denial of truth in the other’s point of view. It is sort of half irrational and half rational. The shadowing is often connected to an overlap of the prestige affect to help create an illusion of depth. Thought dimensions higher that 2.5-D essentially convert denial of truth into depth of understanding. I call these intuitive relief drawings in that they begin to gain actual depth or an intuitive third dimension. For example, a moderate democrat or republican will try to learn the other side’s point of view and look for compromises. They attempt to take two almost opposite planes of logic, take away the shadowing, and then try to find unknown compromises in the middle, giving more depth to the truth in both sides. Ironically, such as these have lower prestige in the both parties even though they are taking the harder path of the higher thought dimension. This is logical in the sense that they lowered the prestige of the shadowing causing them to have less prestige. As the intuitive relief drawings gain more and more depth they eventually reach 3-D to form a spatial of 3-D sculpture. This is cause, affect and integration of cause and affect. This is the memory range of the unconscious mind. In my experience, higher is not necessarily better. These represent the range of the human mind. They are like the arms and legs of the mind, each having a specialize function. In the range of 2-D is best for science. Less than 2-D is the fun of life and relationships because anything is possible. Culture sets the hierarchy of value. The 2.5-D is useful, shadowing and all, because it provides a rational basis for beginning to define 3-D. The prestige becomes that something else or third dimension. Higher than 2.5-D is what makes us creative and allows us to find compromises. One may notice that both less than 2-D and greater that 2.5-D are both irrational. Although both are irrational, the range greater than 2.5-D can slow down into the rational, whereas less than 2-D hits the 2-D discontinuity of the infinite plane of logic. The scientific method treats both the same, which is unfortunate. That is probably due to the difficulty in knowing which is which at a rational level. The key has to do with the prestige affect. Those working higher than 2.5-D often remove all the prestige affect making them lowly and less entertaining. Einstein never looked for fame and fortune because he needed to stay above the shadowing to do his difficult work.

I wish i could demonstrate it for ya'll. If one goes to a museum and looks at abstract paintings or even impressionists art one will get a subjective reaction from the unconscious. One may extrapolate what they are feeling. If one is not good at putting their feelings or intuition into words, these subjective things become very hard to explain. With practice one begins to be able to recognize similar pattern of feeling in similar situations until one has a reference for explanation. Alternately, if one starts at abstract, goes to impressionist and then to realists type painting, it get harder and harder to see unconscious type pattern formations, due to the hard line and reality patterns. One would have to stare at the photo of the forest much longer before they start seeing patterns, if at all. The dictionary is very realistic and not a good vehicle for patterns. It will take longer for them to develop. Once it does develop it become a bizzare party trick. In one of the other forums I discussed 3-D thought organization which is cause, affect and something else to create three dimensions. The something else integrates a range of cause and affect into something more than the sun of its parts. I was hoping the dictionary would allow one to experience this something else.

Point well taken. Sometimes I get on a roll and vent my frustrations. Getting back to the task at hand, which is an integrated model of the earth. There are two main things left that any integrated model for the earth should also be able to address. First it needs a model for earth core fusion without a lot of nuclear smoke reaching the surface, since it is not observed. The second has to do with the integration of the living state. Life has changed the planet. The oxygen atmosphere is the most obvious. I would like to address the living state, at this time. If we look at the biomaterials of life they all have one important thing in common, which is hydrogen bonding. It is the basis for DNA packing and template relationships. The same is true of RNA. While all protein stuctures are based on hydrogen bonding along the protein helix. The major component of life or water is also dependant on hydrogen bonding to define its unique chemical properties. The hydrogen proton is the unification variable of the cell, i.e., chemical hydrogen proton. If one took away this variable all the biostructures would break apart,and the template relationships needed for genes on the DNA could not occur. The weak nature of hydrogen bonding allows it to be easily broken and reformed. This is what defines the fluid/flowing nature of the living state. If we look at weather the sun evaporates water breaking the hydrogen bonds and causing them to have maximum potential. The earth does the opposite by forming clouds, rain and then merging the rain with larger and larger bodies of water to lower surface tension (there is residual hydrogen bonding potential in aqueous surface tension). These steps lower the potential of the hydrogen bonds. Within this range are the hydrogen bonds within all the biomaterials of the cell. Essentially two hydrogen bonding potential poles exist on the surfae of the earth. Between these poles a continuity of hydrogen bonding is formed. For example, plants store hydrogen based energy into reduced food materials. This is driven by the sun as photosynthesis. The animals eat the plants and metabolize this reduced hydrogen energy to form water, lowing the hydrogen bonding potential. If we look at the DNA, it's activity is between hydrogen bonded DNA double helix and trransient open hydrogen bonds that reform at make RNA template or more DNA. All the hydrogen bonding formation reactions are from the earth side of the potential, while all the breaking of hydrogen bonding into transition states is loosely connected to the solar side of the potential. The solar potential is actually stepped down via metabolism and is expressed via ATP. The energy of ATP is about that of the strongest hydrogen bonds. This is way oversimplified but essentially the solar/earth potential, at the hydrogen bonding level, builds from both ends toward the middle and subdivides into finer hydrogen bonding gradients. Currently, life is assume to form is a random way with selective advantage causing the best to continue and evolve further from there, etc. This would be the case if one ignors the impact of the hydrogen bonding. As an analogy, chemistry is based on atoms, electrons and orbitals and bonds. If we ignor the importance of this simple schema, then the chemisty of the earth would follow the same random path maybe taking billions of years to slowly build up enough water molecules to form a drop of water. It does not happen that way. There are natural electron potentials at work which define water directly even from a cooling ionized cloud. The biomaterials are the same way with respect to hydrogen bonding, in that basic principles of hydrogen bonding naturally lead to these materials. Another analogy is someone deciding to build houses for a living who knows very little about residential construction. What they do is take all their wood and randomly nail and unnail it together in a wide variety of random patterns until a house somehow appears every ten thousand years of so. Or else, they rely on a plan that is very systematic, allowing them to complete a house every few months. The hydrogen bonding is the planner of biomaterials, with a basic plan, connect the gradient. There is room for variety. Altering the position of genes on the DNA will only lead to a very slight change in the hydrogen bonding potential of the DNA. Until fairly advance life, the subgradients are coarser allowing variety within the subgradient. But in the end, the major transitons of life, plant to animals, single cell to multicellular, etc., reflect the average hydrogen bonding potential state of life on the rise. The human brain cells have the highest hydrogen bonding potential values of an cell in the body. This is reflected in their having the highest membrane potential. While more brain cells and more branching both reflect more surface areas for this highest potential. That makes the brain part of the solar side of the potential, i.e., inner sun. The potential with the earth keeps us buzzing around, with natural instinct allowing us to lower the hydrogen bonding potential of the surface life. The fusion core of the earth is useful in that fusion potential should be able to influence the hydrogen protons of life. This not only keeps us grounded on the earth, but it creates an integrated potential on the surface that maximizes the lower of surface potential. That integration is reflected by the integration of nature. Humans are like a solar catalyist for lowering the potential of the surface.

Kalynos pointed out a potential problem of what being added will affect resistant. The way around this is have an overflow into a secondary tube where the resistant will be measured. AN overflow is also a very low tech way to always have the same starting height or volume in the displacement tank. Just pour fluid in until it overflows, then add your stuff. If you can, use two or three valves, one between the overflow tube and the displacement tank. One at the bottom of the overflow tube. And maybe a third between the bottom of the overflow and the bottom of the displacement tank. You can either drain the overflow tube between experients with the drain valve of the overflow tube, or you can open the bottom connector value and blow into the top of the overflow to recycle the water. Keep the overflow tube vented so it does not airlock.

The problem may be in my terminology. By ego I am taking about the conscious part of the brain, or that which can process data at a conscious level. It is not located in one place but uses the entire cerebral matter. One can sensory percieve, and/or imagine something by moving around the cerebral matter. Some parts of the brain are better suited to some tasks, while all work together. The unconscious or supercomputer occupies the same cerebral space plus the central thalamus regions. The ego, as I defined it, can affect these central areas of the brain from the cerebral, but it does not occupy this space. For example, I can think of food and make myself hungry. I used cerebral output to trigger the hypothalamus. The unconscious will take over the processing from there. It will alter the blood and cerebral spinal fluid potentials, thereby narrowing the range of conscious memory, i..e, best working memory for hunger. There are a lot of tones or potentials, each which will alter the firing of all neurons within the cerebral matter narrowing down the cerebral memory grid that is conscious. For the conscious and unconscious to occupy the same cerebral space, yet allow the the ego to be mostly unaware of the unconscious, implies two separate but overlapping layers of memory. I tried to use an analogy of 3-D and 2-D. By 3-D I do not mean data just being distributed in 3-D space so one can fit more data, but an entirely different way of storing data where 3-D is cause, affect, and something else. 2-D memory is just cause and affect. The various blood and/or cerebral spinal fuid potentials essentially narrow down the overlapping 2-D and 3-D memory. This occurs because the formation of memory, via the limbic system, assigns potential values to the memory. When that potential occurs, all these memories, throughout the cerebral become the most conscious. If an animal is about to attacked by a preditor, the only memory that is at work is connected to escaping, due to the fear tone of adrenline narrowing its working memory. After it escapes, it might begins to think about thirst, i.e, thirst based potential. As a visual tool to help describe the something else, beyond cause and affect, which I am not sure how to label, I used the example of a 3-D ball being composed of many planes of logic. If an imaginatary plane began to rotate within the ball, it would, one by one, overlap each inner plane of logic. After one complete rotation, it would essentially have expressed a complete rational analysis that would give depth to all the connected cause and affect relationships. I used the example of the apple for over simplicity; one would compare/rotate one plane at a time, until the full rotation. Adding more complexity to 3-D memory processing, is the affect of subjectivity, or unconscious processing directly at 3-D. In this case, rather than rotate an imaginary plane like the ego might do, to define an integrated set of logic steps, the unconscious works more directly with the cause, affect, and something else, 3-D memory. This might be visualized as the 3-D memory ball being alterred, so if one was to rotate their imaginary 2-D plane again and sweep through all the logical planes, some of the logical planes would have changed. It is sort of like when new data appears, it may require changing the way one sees certain things. These changes lead to other logical changes. Alterations directly at 3-D, might give the ego a gut feeling or creative impulse that may not be easy to define. One might go back to one of the planes and begin to logically shift the data around. This will affect the next plane which may also requiring memory adjustment, etc., until the new 3-D ball of logic planes, is a little closer to the new 3-D . The ego is limited to one plane at a time to express a 3-D integration of logical planes. In the case of the apple hunt, one does not have to do it in any particular order as long as all the planes are expressed. One can start with taste before color or size before smell. This appears to reflect that 3-D changes by the unconscious can appear anywhere because it is thinking or processing in terms of cause, affect, and something else, which add up to spatial adjustments. What I call time projection is basically the potential behind a 3-D extrapolation. For example, one can get a new job and begin to extrapolate all the future possiblities both practical and impractical. After having fun, one may get down to reality and see what is physically possbile. The 3-D extrapolation, by the unconscious, sort of projects or extrapolates to the future. It then plays back how it got there and makes adjustments to better reflect the changes needed for the future. That keeps the ego constantly creative trying to keep up with the extrapolated needs of the unconscious. The time projection appear to be connected to the blood and CSF potentials. For example, the fear tone of an escaping animal will cause it to time project for escape. The thirst potential may cause the unconscious of the animal to time project long term water needs keeping it grazing near the river even though there are preditors there. The longest time projections, i.e., years, require long term adjustments maybe even at the biochemical level. For example, the stages of life are already in the works before they happen and are being prepared for by intergenerational programming. The DNA is an important part of this wiring. The changes of life are wired into the genetics with the parallel 3-D adjustments being made with unconscious time projection. Adding to the complexity is the affects of time projection and 3-D memory organization around instinctive potentials. The symbolic devil ,within, exists at both the 3-D level and the extrapolated 3+-D level. Such as these were traditionally called spirits giving inner impulse to the ego. These are different in they are 3-D programmed with memory organization less than 2-D. In other words, cause and affect defines the modern ego, but this was not always the case. People, in the past based their perception of reality on things that can could not be explained rationally, such as mythology. The 3-D organization still occurs with this data, but the ego does not have a nice full size plane for rotating within the 3-D ball. It is still a plane but one that is too small for the 3-D. One often lost their center, i..e, lost of soul, as the little inner rotating plane, begins to migrate around the 3-D trying to fill in a 3-D volume, which is also being time projected. The result is the living world of mythology. I hope this is clearer than before. It is very complicated and is not easy to make clear because it does not overlap existing planes of logic. At the same time I am not exactly sure how to describe the cause-affect-something else, of 3-D memory, that is the basis for consciousness.

The experiment needs to be practiced to work because the unconscious needs to get used to the word matrix being used for its patterns. It seems more set up for visual repeating patterns. The exercise is like taking guitar lessons and trying to play Jimi Hendrix after two lessons and then concluding the guitar teacher s**ks. Maybe one needs more practice. Like Ophiolite pointed out the probablity needs to be calculated to see where random ends. The technique will periodically work like a gambling winning streak, where many meaningful cooincidences occur close together. I am hoping at least a few will get to experience this, changing the way one looks at mind and matter. Over the long term, this may still remain within the realm of chance, but the clusters will add too many cooincidences in a compact space of time and appear to be more than by chance. If one winning streak is 1:10,000,000,000, it will take way less trials to get a winning streak. Maybe the patterns are based on subjective interpretation, having to go out on the limb around the point, which indicates the unconscious playing a role in the game, which is the purpose of the exercise. Maybe the unconscious calculates the thickness of the dictionary and random is tilted in the favor of unconscious narrowing. But all these are indicative of meaningful cooincidences occuring via unconscious processes. Again, this is not suppose to be fortune telling or ESP, although these may work in a siimlar way; i.e., unconscious calculations popped into the head cooked without appearing consciously prepped.

That is correct. What this example shows is that all equal charge is not created equal. Both H+ and Na+ have one extra positive charge yet the H+ contains far more potential as reflected by its exothermic versus the endothermic output of Na+ going in the water. This compounded by HCl having to break a covalent bond while NaCl only ionic bonds. The same is true of Cl- and OH-, both have one extra electron and therefore one extra negative charge, yet the -OH has far more impact on the water as reflected by its exothermic relative to Cl-'s endothermic. In other words, Na+ and Cl- both disrupt the hydrogen bonding within the water causing an endothermic affect. The Na+ takes the place of hydrogen within the water, by binding with the oxygen of water, while the Cl- takes the place of oxygen within the water, by binding with the hydrogen. But neither does as good a job as only the slightly polarized H2O, which does not even have a full charge value within the polarizaiton. Here is a case where less opposite charge is more exothermic than more opposite charge value. Charge alone cannot explain this anomaly. The only other thing that is at work, which can explain this anomaly is magnetic force. Or charge in motion, like electrons in orbitals, will set up magnetic fields. This allows water to bind to itself tighter than if the extra charge of Na+ and Cl- are present. The charge helps neutralize the dipole but disrupts magnetic addtion in the process for a net lowering of stability. One may argue too much charge may be the problem. This should cause the NaCl to stay attracted together lowering its solubility, which is not observed. The Na+ and Cl- ions will form hydration spheres to spread out the charge. This extended and structured hydrogen bonding should be exothermic since stable hydrogen bonds will formed within the hydration spheres. Yet Na+ and Cl-, with hydration spheres and all, are endothermic relative to pure water. Charge is not the limited step but disruption of magnetic stabilty.