pinball1970

The Bible is certainly very useful regarding question three, scholars read the manuscripts that make up the Bible we know today and ancient Hebrew would be one of those. Cuneiform is the oldest written language (IIRC) and there are connections to stories in the Bible via tablet recovered in Iraq in the 19th Century. Any ancient text is important to a historian and linguist. Eden? A kernel of truth maybe? The fertile crescent? The Bible says "the deeps" yes? Genesis 1. No the universe had no water at the beginning. If the earth had water when it was formed it was sequestered in the rock. A quick addition, I was taught that meteors brought water to the earth. This paper suggests it was already here. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103525001356

I can tell what the present was a while ago ;) Probably a good idea if @AbstractDreamer could expand on his statement.

Give us a few examples of the sort of questions you have in mind.

A TOE is combining these concepts somehow, a quantum theory of gravity. Also, we know there were quantum effects in the past, fusion in stars and last scattering 380,000 years after the BBC.

Published today- I thought you find of interest. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King's College London, University College London, Queen Mary University of London and 23 universities around the world combined data from up to 21,792 identical twins (10,896 pairs) from 11 studies. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-025-02193-7 This article gives a summary. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-06-largest-twin-explores-environment-affects.html From the article. “They found that genes linked with growth factors—biological molecules which play important roles in neurodevelopment, immune function and the central nervous system—were associated with variation in autistic traits. Genes related to reactivity to stress were linked to variation in depression symptoms. Genes involved in regulating catecholamines—a group of hormones involved in response to stress—were linked to variation in psychotic-like experiences.”

Gets my +1

There are a lot of twin studies you will be interested in. This paper references a few studies and meta analysis. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3868213/#:~:text=Some%20studies%20have%20provided%20evidence,2003). This article. https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/the-baby-scientist/202103/what-twins-can-teach-us-about-genetic-and-environment-influences

Apologies, I was referring to Alcohol Dehydrogenase. I should have been explicit.

Genes and the environment do work in tandem, Richard Dawkins wrote a book called "The extended phenotype," which explores the idea that genes change the environment. He was not aware of epigenetics at that time as it is understood today. He would have been aware of gene regulation. You will be aware of Audrey Hepburn as an example and also ADH. Why is it when I stop drinking for a few months then have a drink, it hits me hard? Drink frequently and I feel normal?

A deep field view from Webb, just click on the link in the article and zoom in and out, the small screen bottom right tells you where you are. You can also adjust filters. https://phys.org/news/2025-06-largest-universe-revealing-ghttps://cosmos2025.iap.fr/fitsmap.htmlalaxies-early.html Link here if you prefer not to read the article. https://cosmos2025.iap.fr/fitsmap.html

Apologies @Sarae.the.wannabe.chemist I did not even notice your name! I am assuming you're a young lady? My bad. The majority of posters on science platforms I have been on are male. Anyway, the enquiring mind is the important part. Hopefully you will find the replies helpful. PB1970

Thank you. Appreciated

Hi all, It is always good to get feedback from members good and bad so other members and the mods can have a look. Overall very positive so far. Some members obviously have good knowledge so this means I will learn something. Two weeks in, good stuff. Thanks

The OP is 15 so I wanted him to search on the net for himself. +1 on the overall post though for info. The timeline is particularly good. Austro to homo sp

This is an example of an apomorphy, a derived trait. The OP can hopefully follow this up. The different types of "morphy." There is also a good general reader that has some detail on this. "The Origin of our species." Chris Stringer. Some good information on tools w.r.t. Homo sp

Wikipedia has decent info on this subject. Have you checked it out?

Our genome consists of the base pairs and about 2% of these code for proteins. Epigenetics are involved in the regulation of those genes, switching them on and off. A good book on this is called "Epigenetics Revolution" Nessa Carey. 2012.

Fair enough. Some are clearly not, the examples I gave, why does a child need to know about the rules for marriage, slavery, adultery and warfare? Some of the historical texts would have been passed to children.

The stories were meant for the tribe, it tells us in the texts. How do I know it was put together in the fourth century? This is documented and referred to by the church fathers. The NT was written in the first century, Paul's letters in the 50s and the Gospels between 60-95 CE. Revelation for example nearly did not make the final cut. The translation to English was in the 16th C. I will use the historian's description of their discipline. The job of the historian is to try and establish what happened in the past, it is not the past itself. The historian assigns probabilities to events peoples and places. So, did Jesus exist? Most likely. Adam? Not likely. So knowing for certain is not one of the options.

Not my argument, just to clear. I do not think there was an Arc Flood or Noah (or Biblical creation, Adam and Eve, Moses, Exodus...)

Dino on the arc? Yeah I've seen some Creation research and DI propaganda. Crazy stuff.

Apologies that messed up, the quote function is not playing nice with this device. Yes the Bible is a lot of different things, history, wisdom, poetry philosophy and moral teaching. Mosaic law is hardly cherry picking, it is central to the Jewish religion. What about Noah's story? Not that all of the Bible stories are exclusive to the ancient Israelites but historians are pretty much certain that one is not. It is an ancient mesopotamian myth which pre dates the Bible. I will refer you to the epic of Gilgamesh. The story was adopted and adapted but the central points are all there. Anyway for kids? It is certainly a popular one for Sunday school in modern times. I do not see how that story is any different to other stories in the OT. The idea of annihilating every living thing on the planet bar one boatful does not strike me as a bed time story.

I suppose ischemia brought about by compression, would have some similar results as lactic acid build up during exercise when your O2 deficit becomes significant. Both addressed by reducing O2 demand, release compression/stop exercise, then O2 and stretching does the rest. I am guessing here so I will consult a physiology book and feedback.

+1. Not much I can add.

Yes I'm guessing circulation mainly. This can even happen in bed, definitely as you get older. Get the flu and you are immobile for 72 hours or longer, you are stiff as hell when you finally crawl out of bed. It does not help if you are over weight. More pressure on your muscles, more difficult for the blood and therefore O2 and nutrients to reach the cells and more difficult for CO2 to be taken away.