Otto Kretschmer
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Viewing Topic: Why did motivated reasoning evolve in humans?
Everything posted by Otto Kretschmer
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A challenge to all the Gods in Existence
Regarding the OP: ... Nothing. A truly omniscient God would possess the knowledge of all possible universes, including ones he did not create and ones he has no power over. Regardless of how many universes he converts to his faith, there is always going to be infinite number of universes populated by entities that don't worship him.
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Which brain regions could be targeted by neuromodulation in order to increase empathy (both affective and cognitive)?
This statement is true but ultimately quite meaningless - medicine is flawed too, yet if you had pneumonia, you would very much prefer it to be treated by modern antibiotics than by bloodletting. Yes, people are flawed but some are vastly more flawed than others. The core fact stands - I am not willing to put any work into my personality improvement. Not even a nanosecond. I don't want to put any amount of effortful work. And I don't want to want. What I want is completely effortless self-reincarnation with memories of my old self being kept as abstract data with no emotional weight.
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Which brain regions could be targeted by neuromodulation in order to increase empathy (both affective and cognitive)?
To elaborate - I'd like to live in a world in which people would read about SSRIs and say: "Did people really try to cure themselves with this!? Did they really think that increasing serotonin level all across the brain in order to cure some vague, unspecific "depression" is going to work? It's so bizarre, it's like trying to charge an EV by throwing lightning strikes at it, just ridiculous!" I'd love to use technology to transform myself into a functionally different person - no more similar to my old self than a genetically unrelated individual. And I'd like to look at my old self with zero emotional baggage, no more sad or ashamed than a typical person is about the fact they once didn't have a driver's licence. This is a degree of change no drug or therapist of 2025 AD can offer to me and I cannot ofer it to myself either.
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Which brain regions could be targeted by neuromodulation in order to increase empathy (both affective and cognitive)?
Right - But @Phi for All's analogy makes sense from the point of view of current psychiatry. By 2040-45 current methods will likely be as obsolete as [rescribing "fresh air" for tuberculosis is today. It's this future psychiatry that I'd like to use.
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Which brain regions could be targeted by neuromodulation in order to increase empathy (both affective and cognitive)?
@TheVat @Phi for All I would try the currently available methods (psychotherapy, mindfulness etc.) but I am not sure of the results, the structural and functional abnormalities in my brain might be too severe for the currently available methods to be effective, I might as well put a lot of work for essentially nothing. If effective (proven) neuromodulation techniques were available, I would need just enough willpower to sit down and have a beam blasted at my skull.
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Which brain regions could be targeted by neuromodulation in order to increase empathy (both affective and cognitive)?
I never choose my personality, hence I am under no obligation to work on improving it. The method of change has to: Work. Not require any effort on my part (people who need a heart surgery don't have to do surgery on themselves and people with infections don't have to consciously fight the infection so people with mental health issues shouldn't be required to put any effort either) Be effective regardless of my will (it should work even if I absolutely didn't want it to work)
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Which brain regions could be targeted by neuromodulation in order to increase empathy (both affective and cognitive)?
I'm asking for two reasons: 1. Neuromodulation is a fast developing field. 10 years from now it should be completely mainstream and used for a myriad of psychiatric issues 2. This matter is of personal relevance to me (due to my low affective empathy) I am not well versed in this topic but I do know that affective empathy involves the Anterior Cingulate Cortex, the Anterior Insula and some part of the Prefrontal Cortex but I can't say which one. Advanced neuromodulation will be (in the next 10-15 years) a perfect toll for me if it works since it has the potential of causing significant personality changes without me having to do any kind of work. With regards.
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Would it make sense to forcibly cure psychopaths if the tools were available?
Note that just because someone with Antisocial PD is not a violent criminal doesn't mean they're harmless - in corporate environment they cause massive losses to both companies and workers alike, for various reasons - increased risk taking, corruption/fraud, lower shareholder trust, poor mental health of workers due to toxic work environment etc.
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Would it make sense to forcibly cure psychopaths if the tools were available?
The issue with ASPD folks is that they simply don't feel broken at all. Humans need to feel bad becuase of their actions in order to feel the need for change, ASPD people don't feel that. This is due to two things: Their amygdala is severely underactive. This causes a profound lack of fear, sadness, guilt, remorse etc. The amygdala-PFC connection is broken, causing an inability to learn from mistakes and punishment.
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Maximum possible impact of environment on personality?
Introversion-extraversion is not about being shy but about where one draws energy from - introverts are energized by solitude and their internal life, extraverts are energized by social interaction and general interaction with the outside world. Since the distribution is Gaussian, the most common type are actually ambiverts who can draw energy from both.
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Maximum possible impact of environment on personality?
Genetics is not the whole thing, there is also epigenetics which is how genes are expressed - and I am interested in how exactly culture and upbringing influences this. As a somewhat extreme example, people with PTSD don't have their genome changed by trauma, the genome remains the same but the epigenetics changes.
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Maximum possible impact of environment on personality?
Fortunately, I would not put anyone through this even if I could despite my own flawed personality. As a side note, psychodelics interest me a lot, especially their long term positive effects on personality.
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Maximum possible impact of environment on personality?
(The following is a purely hypothetical scenario) What about subjecting an extrovert to 10-12 months of NKVD level torture? A year of unimaginable suffering that one has no way to escape and being flooded with extreme levels of cortisol all the time would profoundly reshape even the most jolly fellow. Their reward system would become practically dead and they would live overwhelmingly in their internal world. They would be, for all practical purposes, an introvert.
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Humans
Can it be patched online for free? Any docu from BBC is worth it.
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Maximum possible impact of environment on personality?
I am not aware of any studies specifically about population level personality differences. Thus, I consider the evidence to be merely anecdotal in nature. :)
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Maximum possible impact of environment on personality?
Anectodal evidence at least suggest that differences in personality exist even at national level - famously, southern Europeans (Italians, Spaniards, Greeks etc.) are known to be loud and talkative while Nordics (Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Finns, Icelanders) are known to be reserved, less sociable and more direct in their communication style, though the evidence is just anectodal AFAIK.
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Would it make sense to forcibly cure psychopaths if the tools were available?
By the way, some conscious genetic sculpting of society is already taking place, albeit at an earlier stage - in Denmark genetic screening for Down syndrome is universal and over 90% of embryos with Down syndrome are aborted. This might expand to other disorders in the future.
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An appeal to help advance the research on gut microbiome/fecal microbiota transplantation in the US.
"Was running" or "had been running", not "has been running" since he no longer runs anything.
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An appeal to help advance the research on gut microbiome/fecal microbiota transplantation in the US.
Harrop's main point is not to make FMT available right now for everyone as some kind of super treatment but to make researchers use better donors in trials, with @SFBayFMT5 pointing out the caveeats of his approach.
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Maximum possible impact of environment on personality?
What if an extrovert was raised in a culture and family that values introversion? Let's say a naturally gregarious, emotionally expressive person is raised from birth in an East Asian family that values self discipline, emotional self control and deriving satisfaction from internal rather than external world. The quality of upbringing is very high but rooted in this specific cultural context. Will such a person become naturally less extroverted?
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An appeal to help advance the research on gut microbiome/fecal microbiota transplantation in the US.
Oh Jesus... Here is Michael's account on the forum created July 6, 2023, he is the forum admin: https://forum.humanmicrobiome.info/members/michael-harrop.3 And here is SFBayFMT5, joined April 23, 2024: https://forum.humanmicrobiome.info/members/sfbayfmt5.641 They are clearly separate human beings, unless you think Michael created a sockpuppet account on his own forum to debate with himself, and in that case the burden of proof is on you.
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Would it make sense to forcibly cure psychopaths if the tools were available?
I have never really harmed anyone in my life. I have had friends and all my family members like me. I also see a lot of positive traits in myself, including literally boundless intellectual curiosity and good logical thinking but that's a different story and really off topic. :) Mental health and cognition are my main drivers of my interest in gut microbiome research since it is a potential factor and very possibly a significant one but I am digressing as well.
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Would it make sense to forcibly cure psychopaths if the tools were available?
Yes, it is indeed a spectrum and this fact impacts be personally and not in a positive way - I am myself likely at the lower end of the empathy spectrum and likely due to heredity - my grandfather was kicked out of his house by his brothers after having chased his mother with an axe (they said if he shows up again, they are going to kill him, he died in 2021 due to COVID, aged 93). I myself have a history of trying to burn a cat alive at age 4 and killing two birds at age 5 as well as trying to make a cat kill a hamster also at age 5. I am not antisocial and I'm pleasant to interact with, I can also be altruistic in a genuine way but I am simpyl not fully content with myself. :( Especially that it comes together with high Neuroticism. While I am not a proponnt of forceful treatment, I think that people on the extremely low end of the empathy/altruism spectrum are missing out a lot. Their state is not a minor inconvienance, they are missing arguably the most important thing that makes humans human - the ability to emotionally connect with people and the world. They don't experience the joy of falling in love, seeing friends or family members succeed or having the government enact a just, progressive policy. For them humans are just tools to be used and discarded, no more important than a piece of toilet paper.
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Would it make sense to forcibly cure psychopaths if the tools were available?
People with ASPD would actually make poor soldiers. They are psychologically resilient and calm under pressure but also extreme egocentrici - military career requires years of self improvement and learning from others - and it's hard to listen to other people when you already consider yourself far superior to others. The smarter ones would probably not even consider joining the military, the would prefer a career in business or politics both of which are much more lucrative and far less dangerous.
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An appeal to help advance the research on gut microbiome/fecal microbiota transplantation in the US.
He is another member from Harrop's forum (Human Microbiome Community Forum) who joined on his own initiative. I visit that forum as well from time to time mostly to check gut microbiome-related research articles posted there.