Genady

Corrections: 1a) The evolution of any quantum state is described by an appropriate equation of motion, such as Schrödinger equation, Dirac equation, and Klein-Gordon equation. The equations of motion are not restricted to "the individual quantum states in a superposition." 1b) Any state is a superposition of some states. Being an "individual quantum state in a superposition" is not property of a state but property of a coordinate basis in which the state is expressed.

Which part? [astro-ph/0102033] Value of the Cosmological Constant: Theory versus Experiment (arxiv.org)

We can have it the other way around, i.e., zero momentum and infinitely uncertain position, can't we?

I've figured out the answer to my question above. It is 12√ψ1+12√ψ2 rather than 12√ψ1−12√ψ2 because when the two wave functions are in phase they interfere constructively, and this requires the + rather than − in their superposition expression.

However I don't know why it is \(\frac 1 {\sqrt 2}\psi_1 +\frac 1 {\sqrt 2}\psi_2\) rather than \(\frac 1 {\sqrt 2}\psi_1 -\frac 1 {\sqrt 2}\psi_2\). Any suggestions?

Yes, superposition of states resulting from a photon passing through different slits. If the state after passing through slit 1 is \(\psi_1\) and the state after passing through slit 2 is \(\psi_2\), then after passing the screen the state of the photon is the superposition, \(\frac 1 {\sqrt 2}\psi_1 +\frac 1 {\sqrt 2}\psi_2\).

I agree. I don't understand the question. But I am sure that you understand my answer. It is not different from, e.g., Fourier transform.

My position is that the component states are an expansion of the entire state in a specific basis.

If a state is 'in a superposition' or not depends on basis in which it is expressed. The same state is 'individual' in one basis and 'in a superposition' in another.

The above ^^^ does not look right to me. Do I understand correctly that "the combination" refers to the "[some expression]"?

Perhaps we will never know. I don't understand this.

So many possibilities... Maybe the cat was bitten in the past by a person who arrived in a car...

Flatness requires special conditions because it requires the density parameter \(\Omega = 1\), precisely. The other two happen when \(\Omega > 1\) (spherical) or \(\Omega < 1\) (hyperbolic). I don't know how to apply PROBABILITY in the case of one (one universe). I don't know what a problem with infinity is.

The @studiot's example of counting apples on a tree reminded me of something that I've read too long ago to mention, but thanks to the Internet I could find the quote. It relates to my earlier mention of inventing tools to deal with the world: (from no less than THE EVOLUTION OF PHYSICS BY A. EINSTEIN AND L. INFELD)

An isotropic homogeneous 3D space can have spherical, flat, or hyperbolic geometry. Spherical space is necessarily finite, but both flat and hyperbolic can be infinite.

Viscosity is a concept that we have invented to deal with fluids. (And, not an easy one to grasp.) Yes. It says that the world is such that these tools work better than those tools.

Right. Not necessarily. There are other factors. Not all fish have slender profile. We can. But it will be another tool of us. Yes, we can. It says something. It does not say, what.

How can we know this? Here is an analogy. To swim efficiently through water, fish evolved a slender profile. It implies something about the water. But it does not imply that the water has a slender profile. The water even does not have a profile. (To be clear about this analogy, our tools are like fish, the world is like the water.)

The space expansion is the one where the clock co-moves.

Upon reading it a second time and thinking about it, i would now say a greater yes than before and linearity / non-linearity are properties of the tools rather than of the world.

Dimensional analysis does not help you to find out dimensionless factors.

You are correct. Not since the Big Bang. It started accelerating only several billion years ago: Evolution of the universe - Expansion of the universe - Wikipedia

Right. I've expected a question from OP regarding this \(2\).

In other words, you have found that \(v=\sqrt {ax}\), where \(v\) is speed, \(a\) is acceleration, and \(x\) is displacement. There is a known kinematic equation for this: if a body starts moving from a rest with a constant acceleration \(a\), when it moves the distance \(x\) its speed is \(v=\sqrt {2ax}\).

and scientific concepts / models being tools to deal with the world rather than representations of the world.