Modern and Theoretical Physics

The "(pseudo)scalar" (S=0) mesons, [math]\pi^0 = (u \bar{u} - d \bar{d})/ \sqrt{2}[/math] and [math]\eta = (u \bar{u} + d \bar{d} - 2 s \bar{s})/ \sqrt{6}, \eta^{'} = (u \bar{u} + d \bar{d} + s \bar{s})/ \sqrt{3}[/math] contain contributions from d,u,s type quarks, in a Spin anti-parallel configuration. Thus, with their Spins separated by 1 unit, the individual quarks comprising those mesons could (hypothetically) emit, absorb, & exchange W-Bosons. Is it possible, that the reason why those mesons are not "pure" [math]d \bar{d}, u \bar{u}, s \bar{s}[/math] states, but rather admixtures of them, is b/c the individual quarks comprising those mesons are (actually) un…

Pions mass ~140 MeV, most of the mass being above & beyond the "bare mass" of the constituent (anti)quarks (5-10 MeV). This amounts to ~65 MeV of gluons per quark. Nucleons mass ~940 MeV, etc., amounting to ~310 MeV of gluons per quark. Why is there ~5x as much "glue" per quark, in baryons, over mesons ? If each quark bonds to every other quark, there ought to be: [math]\left( \stackrel{3}{2} \right) : \left( \stackrel{2}{2} \right) = 3[/math] times as much "glue", in baryons, over mesons (a "triad" of bonds, vs. a single "string"). But, instead, there's roughly 930/130 = 7x as much "glue" in baryons, vs. mesons, more than twice what such a sim…

Please ponder the following "scalar" (S = 1/2) baryons (3 quarks): [math]\Lambda^0 (uds)[/math] (1116 MeV) [math]\Sigma^0 (uds)[/math] (1193 MeV) Both are comprised of the same set of quarks (uds), and both have the same Spin (1/2). Yet, the latter is some 77 MeV more massive than the former, into which it typically decays by simple photon emission: [math]\Sigma^0 \to \Lambda^0 + \gamma[/math] This decay does not produce particles, like combinations of quarks or electrons + neutrinos, strongly suggesting that the [math]\Sigma^0[/math] state is a purely Electromagnetic excitation of the [math]\Lambda^0[/math]. Likewise, let us look at the …

The Weak Force couples Up quarks to Down* quarks, which "are linear combinations of the physical quarks d, s, & b [Mass eigenstates ??]", roughly equal to: d* = 0.974 d + 0.227 s + 0.008 b Furthermore, the effective bound-state masses, of the d, s, & b are roughly 340, 486, & 4730 MeV (D.Griffiths. Intro. Elem. Part. (2nd. ed.), pp. 78,135). Using these numbers to calculate the effective bound-state mass, of the Up quark's d* Weak Force interaction partner: <md*> = 0.9742 <md> + 0.2272 <ms> + 0.0082 <mb> = 348 MeV Does that mean, that a Down quark must be energetically excited, by about 8 MeV, in orde…

This site has a brief simulation, showing a High-Energy collision between gold nuclei, as well as other information on Quarks & Gluons.

The "OZI Rule" states that any process, which is "mediated in the middle" (my words) entirely by Gluons, is suppressed. Does that mean, that "Glue-balls" would also probably be suppressed ? David Griffiths. Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics, pg. 83. ("Suppressed" does not mean "Forbidden".)

The Coleman-Mandula theorem explicitly uses Lie algebras to describe the symmetries of S-matrices. One way round this is to pass to super Lie algebras, as is very well-known. Less well known is the idea that we could use quantum groups (Hopf algebras) to get around the theorem. My question is: Can we use Groupoids and Lie algebroids to find a loop-hole in the Coleman-Mandula theorem? I cannot find anything in the literature? (This may mean we cannot use them in this way) Anyone come across any work along these lines? Cheers.

Can m-theory explain the birth of the universe ? If yes ,how ?

Can Muons ever decay into Quarks, along the lines of: Muon ---> Muon_Neutrino + ( W- ---> down + anti-up ) ??

In reality, neutrons are heavier than protons, and so, if free, the former decay into the latter, with a half-life of 11 minutes: [math]n^0 \to p^{+} e^{-} \bar{\nu}_e[/math] But, what if protons were heavier than neutrons ? Would that then mean, energetically, that all Hydrogen atoms would "collapse decay" into neutrons ? [math]p^{+} \to n^0 e^{+} \nu_e[/math] (what if ?) [math]e^{-} p^{+} \to n^0 \nu_e[/math] (what if ?)

What do you think? http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20100518/sc_space/whyweexistmatterwinsbattleoverantimatter The seemingly inescapable fact that matter and antimatter particles destroy each other on contact has long puzzled physicists wondering how life, the universe or anything else can exist at all. But new results from a particle accelerator experiment suggest that matter does seem to win in the end. The experiment has shown a small — but significant — 1 percent difference between the amount of matter and antimatter produced, which could hint at how our matter-dominated existence came about. ........ "Many of us felt goose bumps when we saw the result," s…

I have a question. I am building a device that emits electromagnetic pulses and I wish to know what such a pulse would do to a human. Any other information about EMP's would be greatly appreciated.

Hi! I wanna learn particle only be form in only hadron collider or they can be form alone.(I mentioned particle:kaon,pion,...,)

I would like to draw your attention to a preprint of mine, "On higher Poisson and Koszul--Schouten brackets", arxiv:math-ph/0910.1992. Abstract In this note we show how to construct a homotopy BV-algebra on the algebra of differential forms over a higher Poisson manifold. The Lie derivative along the higher Poisson structure provides the generating operator. ----------------------------------------------------------- In the preprint I generalise the construction of Koszul--Schouten brackets found in Poisson geometry to higher Poisson geometry [1]. Recall that a Poisson manifold is a manifold equipped with a bi-vector field that satisfies the condition…

Hi there. Writing a short piece in which I'm weighing up the viability of fusion power in the future compared with other, non-fossil fuel technologies. I've not dipped into fusion before, so I'm doing my best to get my head around it. I'm stuck on binding energy. My understanding is that mass gets converted into energy when nucleons combine to form a nucleus, as the result of the drop in mass. That's fine; here's where I get confused: An element like iron has a binding energy per nucleon which is higher than that of a much lighter atom, like helium. Since the binding energy in iron is relatively high, would that not mean there would be a greater dispari…

I heard this question from a friend the other day and it got me thinking as to the validity of the question itself as well as the implications of the answer. the question involves a rope (which cannot be destroyed) of finite length attached to a point in space. The other end of the rope is attached to an aircraft (also indestructible) that is moving in the opposite direction. It is also noted that the rope is under the light cone of the aircraft (below the future light cone). So the question is what would happen once the aircraft moves to a distance greater than the length of the rope?

I want to explain an event... before that you have to agree on 2 points.. if u dont comment please : 1) internal momentum or force or anything cannot inside a closed system produce motion relative to the external system 2)Air is large bunch of randomly moving molecule One man is inside a closed container in somewhere far in space with no force is acting on this system and the container contains air. the man is holding in a knob like thing in one side... and similar knob is on the other side of the box. He pusses himself against the knob with a force F and let go the knob. he moves with a velocity V in one direction and the container moves in opposite direction …

Hi Was wondering if there is a relationship/correlation between the types of radiation and elements/nuclei

I've been studying some geometry and I've got a basic question: The Riemann Curvature Tensor can be written using either the first fundamental form ([math]g_{\alpha\beta}[/math]) or the second fundamental form ([math]b_{\alpha\beta}[/math]), as indicated by the Codazzi-Peterson and Gauss equations. So I was wondering, is there a difference in the geometric information stored in both forms, or are they completely different, i.e. given one of these descriptions of a geometry (say [math]b_{\alpha\beta}[/math]), is it possible to find the other (say [math]g_{\alpha\beta}[/math])? If not, what is the added value of each of the fundamental forms over the other?

Hi, Was wondering with the emission of beta particle radiation - so either an electron or positron, since a positron is the anti-partner of the electron, how can it be emitted from a (normal) matter atom...? Thanks.

have a theory about singularities and gravity. not sure if my theory is correct i just thought of it. gravity is caused by positive and negative charges correct? space is made up of these positive and negative charges according to quantum physics correct? so isnt space like a magnet? what i am getting at is when matter is discharged from a singularity out into space, gravity does not pull it back in because gravity weakens, but space pulls it out in all directions. which would also account for the fact that matter discharges in all directions and not up and out as it would appear it should. a singularity is theorized to be a hole. kind of like the barrel of a gun …

SEISMO- ELECTROMAGNETICS * Over the past 5 months there has been an increase in solar activity thus an increase in seismic activity, such as the earthquakes in Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Haiti, Chile, Turkey, and China and the volcanic eruption in Iceland. NASA’s STEREO program has been monitoring solar activity and has observed a significant amount of solar phenomenon. All of these earthquakes occurred in locations closest to the edges of the tectonic plates. Solar activity has a direct relationship on seismic activity. Think of a solar wind as a stream of plasma or energy hitting the Earth’s magnetic field for a period of 2-3 days. Granted, there has been solar phenome…

Hi, Was wondering, in the view of the graviton being a closed string which can move or float out of our theoretical membrane, how is the fabric of the membrane made, to, at all allow the escape of closed strings.

I read this article about some of Hawking's opinions about et and so forth and his response to some Avatar hysteria is a bit perplexing. Granted, blindly interacting with an unknown alien race is probably not the smartest thing to do, and I think we are agreeing that when you factor in the likelihood of finding another INTELLIGENT race, then it is going to wind up being 50,000 light years away. The part that conflicts with my understanding of all that exists is his loosely throwing around the idea that wormhole travel is perfectly plausible. I've read about scenarios where the energy output from a star is used to create a wormhole, (a sphere around the sun the size of…

Hi, Was wondering if the open (and closed) strings are associated with force carriers at all and if so how.