chadn

Since this is electolysis....

Find a table of the standard reduction potentials, if you're in a general chem class or something there should be one in the back of your book.

The more positive your standard reduction is for a particular reaction, the stronger of an oxidizing agent or oxidant it is. The more negative the standard reduction the stronger it is as a reducing agent or reductant.

If you have two cations in solution at the cathode the one being reduced is the strongest oxidant or the one with the more positive standard reduction. The reverse is true at the anode.

So the key is FIND A TABLE OF STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS

As a Libertarian I view any form of income tax as robbery.

We need to move to a national sales tax that excludes the essentials like food and clothing. If return the government to its original purpose there would be little need of the trillions of dollars the US government uses.

I'm taking bets on how many people use google for their answers

Pah, I have a several hundred dollars worth of biology textbooks and other reading just laying around my desk. With all the frickin money that I've spent why would I use google?

Alot of what?

Your posts make me think of you as "VERY" energetic person. I imagine your practically bouncing off the walls. If you really do chew coca leaves that would explain a lot.

i am sure everyone has checked the rest of ur pics dandygirl... well i have anyway... quite easy to figure out. almost everyone names files that way.

yep, I especially like: http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v222/beamin/me1.jpg

Ok.. I think I really need to get this on straight..

 

I realized that a) fermentation is totally different process in which NADH is converted to NAD+. This reacts them to carry out energy production in the absence of oxygen. And this doesn't matter to what the top said but the combination of glycolysis and fermentation produces (NOT THAT FERMENTATION PRODUCES BY ITSELF!!!), the result will be 2 ATP molecules from molecule of glucose. Thus, the answer is 2 ATP molecules for fermentation process. b) In glycolysis, practically, there are 4 ATP molecules formed. Yet, what the thing is that 2 ATP molecules of those 4 are actually came from the beginning thus the net gain, or the amount that had been gained, is actually 2 ATP molecules. Thus, it's 2 ATP molecules. c) Now this part is little bit tricky. The real amount of ATP molecules would be somewhere around 38 yet because of transporting and stuffs, 2 of them is gone, resulting total to be 36. Now, we can do subtraction and get 34 ATP is formed from respriation. But, we can explain this more thoroughly that at the end of glycolysis, we get 2 pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound. And that and some other stuffs can be transformed and we'll get 34 ATP.

 

That is my final answer and I think I'm right.

 

I hope so.

Good enough

hey, what can i say. i eat my vegetables

exactly why I stick to meat, keeps ya young.

Make an organic smelling tea... Great for in the AM... I chew the shit raw (Like the the indians of peru.) ****s up your gums though. but not as bad a chewin' backy' or caffine..,

This explains a lot.......

budullewraagh:

check the avatar buddy

You look pretty old for being the same age as my younger sister.....

Quite caffeine and swith to coca leaves, doesn't last as long, is less jittery..

Make an organic smelling tea... Great for in the AM... I chew the shit raw (Like the the indians of peru.) ****s up your gums though. but not as bad a chewin' backy' or caffine..,

I like the long lasting effects of caffeine, helps in the wee hours of the morning when I finally decide to study for my quantitative analysis test thats only few hours away. damn I hate quant...

i read some where, the carbon dioxide is transported in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. But, i am confused now because carbon dioxide can be transported with haemoglobin too. not too sure though.

It does both, and theres also a 3rd method, cant remember it though.

Visking Tubing? What about cellophane tape?

Actually I think it was visking tubing that we used.

Isnt cellophane tape impermeable to air?

Does anyone know of some data stating how much private funding stem cell research has recieved in the past?

http://www.forbes.com/newsletter/2004/11/01/cz_sg_1101soapbox.html

From 1994 to 2004 its been about $300 million total.

nope, not that actually. i read an article somehwere involving water being a larger molecule than h2o. i'll look for it later when i finish my ap us history paper

Could this be it?

http://www.aip.org/pnu/2003/split/648-1.html

A water molecule's chemical formula is really not H2O, at least from the perspective of neutrons and electrons interacting with the molecule for only attoseconds (1 attosecond=10-18 seconds). According to new and recent experiments, neutrons and electrons colliding with water for just attoseconds will see a ratio of hydrogen to oxygen of roughly 1.5 to 1, so a more

Or maybe your thinking of some hydrogen isotopes like deuterium and tritium, in which case the mass would be more.

What would a macroscopic piece of semi-permeable membrane look like?

Semi-permeable means that there are openings small enough for the water molecules to cross, but not larger substances like carbohydrates. A blown up version wouldnt be semipermeable because other substances go pass through.

Is it even posisble to manufacture this?

There are semi-permeable materials out there, cant think of any off the top of my head. We used some sort of material in a Biol lab once to demonstrate the concept but its been to long to remember what it was.

Is that what a "sponge" is?

No, a sponge has pores that allow water to be retained, but its not a semi-permeable material.

Plants don't move because they have cell walls, not because they have choloroplasts. They can't move because they dont have neurons that us humans do. Their Xylem and Phloem arent designed that way.

Plants dont move?

Yes they do, many plants are capable of reacting to stimuli within seconds. Leaves regularly move in relation to the sun. Probably the most dramatic examples of plant movements is the venus fly trap. Cell walls may be more rigid than cell membranes, but dont take that to mean that its immobile. The cell wall is actually quite elastic.

Ahh, I dont have any pictures of me on my computer, otherwise maybe......

DandyGurl:

All I have to say is, if thats you then, DAMN!

Im addicted to caffeine.

Ok now I'm confused budullewraagh. Does the number 38 include the two lost during glycolysis?

The reason you may end up with only 36 or so is that 2 ATP can be lost in transporting pyruvate.

I know what fermentation is though.. Fermentation - anaerobic process for making ATP's. I think it's opposite of respiration.

Im going to nitpick.

Respiration includes fermantation.

Fermantation is involved with Anearobic respiration. In aerobic respiration (what you're thinking of) there are two processes going on. The first is called the Krebs Cycle, the second is oxidative phosphorylation, more commonly known as the electron transport chain.

Endosymbiosis, the theory that says that plastids such as mitochondria and chloraplasts are actually the decendents of bacteria that entered into a symbiotic relationship with other cells.

Several weeks ago my plant physiology professor made an interesting prediction. The roots of legumes form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen fixing bacteria calle rhizobium. The process of how the root cells and rhizobium actually form their relationship requires that the bacteria infect the root cells. The prediction made by my professor was the possibility of these bacteria one day becoming just as much a part of the plant as mitochondria. So what we have is a possible case for future endosymbiosis. What do you guys think?

For more information on the process of how rhizobium and legumes interact go here: http://www.ls.huji.ac.il/~nurit/photosyn/Nitrogen/Rhizobium-legumeassociation.htm

38 ATP is the maximum yield possible and so is only an estimate.

Question: How many ATP molecules are formed in process of glycolysis itself?

4 ATP are produced by glycolysis, but glycolysis requires an input of 2 ATP so your net increase is only 2ATP. The process als produces 2 NADH, which are later used in the oxidative phosphorylation to form ATP.

How many ATP molecules are formed in the process of respriation?

A total of 2 ATP are produced. The Krebs cycle produces 6NADH and 2 FADH2 which are then used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP.

Those 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 are then used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce around 34 ATP for a grand total of 38 ATP. However ATP is also used in various processes like tranporting molecules, so your net yield of ATP is usually lower, more like 36 or something.

How many ATP molecules are formed in process of glycolysis and fermentation (meaning the combination of those two)?

You have a gross of 4 and a net of 2 ATP from glycolysis.

Fermentation doesnt produce any ATP so you only get a total of 2 ATP from the entire process. The reason fermentation occurs is that in order for glyclysis to work you need NAD+ which is reduced to NADH during glycolysis. Fermentation replenshises the supply of NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue.

Absolutely beautiful!

Be careful, I know a lot of places monitor the amount of certain household chems that people buy. If you buy to much they may think your cooking up some meth.

I still have a question.

Isn't the pressure by the sugar solution area more than the pure water?

It has a higher density

Osmosis isnt that important in the movement of CO2. Think about it. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane, but we are not concerned about water here, we are concerned about how CO2 is diffused into the cell, not how water moves. That is, as long as we're still talking about Carbon assimilation.

And another thing:

The oxygen was never gaseous in the first place though.

Not true. Ribulose Biphophate (RuBP), the molecule that reacts with CO2, also reacts with O2. Since O2 enters the stomata with CO2 it is also reacts with RuBP and gets assimilated into the plant cell. I think the ratio is somewhere around 1-3 for O2-CO2.