Papaver

Only one ATP is produced because phosphoenolpyruvate has one phospho group which can be transfered producing ATP. In Glycolysis you got at that step 2 ATP because two phosphoenolpyruvate are converted to pyruvate and ATP. I don't know if it it possible to drive the reaction to produce more ATP. Maybe in vitro but I doubt that is the way it works in cells. Especially because there is a negative regulation of pyruvate kinase by ATP.

In a microbiological lab a burner is absolutely necessary. Whenever you have to work sterily you have to work nearby this burner. This includes also pouring agar plates. First you start the burner, then you open the bottle with the autoclaved agar medium, then you go with the bottleneck through the flame, then pour the agar. In between you can always repeat this to keep the bottleneck sterile. Clean you pipettes and your bench regularly with 70 % ethanol. This is especially helpful when you do PCRs. If you want to increase efficiency, make a plan of what you have to do. Think about how long your experiments take. Consider what has to be done first, what can you do later...

Do you adjust the pH value? You can try to add the CaCl2 after you "finished" your buffer (which includes the pH). Or it may help to add a CaCl2 solution after sterilizing (autoclaving) the buffer.

Not directly but under anaerobic and nitrogen limiting conditions it's associated with the membran. It's doesn't have any transmembrane domains but it's a very hydrophobic protein.

Hi everyone, I would like to ask you for some ideas or advice. I have huge problem with removing a tag from a protein. Here’re the facts: It’s a MBP-tag that should be removed. PreScission protease is used (I can’t use factor Xa because the size of Xa chains and protein of interest are too similar). Reaction was performed overnight at 4 °C Issues: 1) Only half of MBP-Fusionprotein is cut by PreScission. 2) Ignoring the incomplete proteolysis I performed the reaction onto the amylose resin column. In theory the cut protein has to be found in the flow-through whereas MBP and remaining MBP-Fusionprotein are still bound to the amylose resin. BUT: Untagged protein is eluted together with MBP and Fusionprotein. Things I tried so far: Adding to proteolysis: 1.5 - 2 M Urea or 500 mM NaCl or 0.1 - 1 % Triton X-100 or 0.1 - 1 % Tween-20. Using PreScission buffer althougt it's not ideal for my protein. These experiments were all done in Eppi-reaction as well as on-column reaction. Further: reduced concentration of protease inhibitor, extended reaction time, added fresh protease after overnight incubation, increased protease concentration, introduced a linker sequence (ser gly gly) between MBP and PreScission site and between PreScission site and protein. Gel filtration und normal conditions seems to be useless because the cut protein sticks to the MBP-fusionprotein as if protein domains are very much interaction with each other. If anybody has further ideas how I can complete the proteolysis or how I can weaken the protein domain interactions please let me know. Unfortunately the protein seems to be only solube as MBP fusion thus changing the tag is something I will try only to be sure but it’s probably not the solution.

I also like Biochemistry by Metzler. I think it's not a book for medical students but for Biochemistry or Biology students. It additionally provides good knowledge in basics like organic chemistry. During my studies I mainly used Stryer.