thedarkshade

Hi everyone

I've had this project on controlling the light intensity with a microcontroller, using phase control. I've build the zero-cross detector and the circuitry to interface with the light via an optocoupler (MOC3023) and a triac (BT138), but I'm a little stuck on the software. I'm using an on-board potentiometer to control the intensity and a 12bit ADC to get the digital value, but I think I can easily complete by having an 8bit value.

So my point of concern is how do I change this 12bit value into an 8bit one?

Any help at all would be greatly appreciated

TDS

1. I believe that fundamentally it has to do with the natural tendency of physical systems to reach 'a lower energy state', that is a more stable one. Disorder is just the word we seem to use to describe it when we see no elegance while the process is under way.

3. Reality is not ideal I guess

Oh, and btw is there something like "8051 LCD command list" like the 'enter command' or 'backspace'?

The ones I have above (move_left, move_right, del,...) I collected from several books I happen to have on microcontrollers, but I feel my project's lacking a taste of completeness.

No no, I'm using pushbuttons on the board as keys.

I got it to work lasht night actually. I seem to have been carrying a bit from the ISR routine that was causing me trouble.

P.s. I apologize for lack of comments (not a good programmer). Some of the labels too are in my native language

Hey everyone.

I've been working for quite a while on this one. I've been trying to make a VT100 terminal emulator through serial port (RS232 standard) using Easy8051A development board. I've written down the entire code for writing from hyperterminial (yeah, I nedded XP for that) to a 2x16 LCD (8-bit mode) and also for writing from the board to hyperterminal, but I got stuck trying to bring the two together. I know I must somehow use serial interrupts to check whether a key has been pressed or not but I can't just quite figure it out.

I'll post the code down here, just in case anyone has any bit of idea of how could I proceed.

This is the code to write to the LCD (control codes including):

ESC EQU 1BH

ORG 0000H

LJMP MAIN

ORG 0023H

MAIN:
BUSY BIT P0.7
E BIT P2.4
RS BIT P2.2
RW BIT P2.3

MOV A, PCON
SETB ACC.7
MOV PCON, A
MOV SCON, #52h
MOV TMOD, #20h
MOV TH1, #-35
SETB EA
SETB ES
SETB PS
SETB TR1
CALL LCD_INIT;

PRANO: 
JNB RI, $  ; KONTROLLO A ESHTE SHRYPUR NDOJE KARAKTER
CLR RI
MOV A, SBUF
CHECK_DEL:
CJNE A, #7FH, CONTINUE
LJMP CLEAR_LCD
LJMP NEXT


CONTINUE:
CJNE A, #ESC, NO_ESC1
CLR P1.7
JNB RI, $
CLR RI
MOV A, SBUF
CJNE A, #'[', NO_KLLAPA
JNB RI, $
CLR RI
MOV A, SBUF
CJNE A, #'C', CHECK_D
LCALL MOVE_LEFT
LJMP NEXT

CHECK_D:
CJNE A, #'D', CHECK_A
LCALL MOVE_RIGHT
LJMP NEXT

CHECK_A:
CJNE A, #'A', CHECK_B
LCALL MOVE_UP
LJMP NEXT

CHECK_B:
CJNE A, #'B', NEXT
LCALL MOVE_DOWN
LJMP NEXT	




NO_ESC1:	LJMP NO_ESC

MOVE_LEFT:	
	MOV A, #14H
	ACALL COMMAND
	RET

MOVE_RIGHT:
	MOV A, #10H
	ACALL COMMAND
	RET

MOVE_UP:
	LCALL READY
	MOV A, P0
	ANL A,#00111111B
	MOV R7, A
	MOV A, #40H
	SUBB A, R6
	MOV R6, A
	MOV A, R7
	SETB ACC.7
	ACALL COMMAND
	RET

MOVE_DOWN:
	LCALL READY
	MOV A, P0
	ANL A, #00111111B
	MOV R6, A
	MOV A, #40H
	ADD A, R6
	MOV R7, A
	MOV A, R7
	SETB ACC.7
	ACALL COMMAND
	RET	

CLEAR_LCD:
	MOV A, #01H
	CALL COMMAND		




NO_KLLAPA:
LJMP NEXT

;******************************************************************
LCD_INIT:			 				 ;*
MOV A, #38H	; 2 Linja 5x7	 			 ;*
ACALL COMMAND		 				 ;*
MOV A, #0DH	;Aktivizimi i Kursorit (Blinkues)	 ;*
ACALL COMMAND		 				 ;*
MOV A, #01H	;Fshirja e ekranit	 	       	 ;*
ACALL COMMAND		 				 ;*
MOV A, #06H	;Vendosja e Kursorit Ne Te Djathe	 ;*
ACALL COMMAND						 ;*
RET			 				 ;*
							 ;*		   \
			 				 ;*=================\
COMMAND: 			 				 ;*==================\
ACALL READY		 				 ;*==================/   Pergaditja e LCD-se        
MOV P0, A		 				 ;*=================/
CLR RS							 ;*		   /
CLR RW			 				 ;*
SETB E			 				 ;*
CLR E			 				 ;*
RET			 				 ;*
			 				 ;*
			 				 ;*
			 				 ;*
READY:				 				 ;*
SETB BUSY		 				 ;*
MOV P0, #0FFH		 				 ;*
CLR RS			 				 ;*
SETB RW			 				 ;*
BACK:				 				 ;*
CLR E			 				 ;*
SETB E			 				 ;*
JB BUSY, BACK		 				 ;*
RET			 				 ;*
			 				 ;*
;******************************************************************	

NO_ESC:
LCALL LCD_DISPLAY
CPL A
MOV P1,A
NEXT:
SETB P1.7
LJMP PRANO


LCD_DISPLAY:
ACALL READY
CLR E
MOV P0, A
SETB RS
CLR RW
SETB E
CLR E
RET


STOP:

END

This is the code for hyperterminal-to-board:

ORG 0000H

MOV A, PCON	;|
SETB ACC.7	;|------->Mundesimi i Dyfishimit te Baud-Rate (SMOD=1)
MOV PCON, A	;|
;----------------|      

MOV SCON, #52H	;Pori Serik, Modi 1	
MOV TMOD, #20H	;Timeri-i 1, Modi 2
MOV TH1, #-35	; 1200 baud-rate
SETB TR1	; Starton timer-in 1


WRITE_TO_TERMINAL:
JB P0.0, CHECK_B

WRITE_A:
MOV A, #41H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_B:JB P0.1, CHECK_C

WRITE_B:
MOV A, #42H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_C:JB P0.2, CHECK_D

WRITE_C:
MOV A, #43H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_D:JB P0.3, CHECK_E

WRITE_D:
MOV A, #44H
CALL OUTCHR


CHECK_E: JB P0.4, CHECK_F

WRITE_E:
MOV A, #45H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_F:JB P0.5, CHECK_G

WRITE_F:
MOV A, #46H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_G:JB P0.6, CHECK_H

WRITE_G:
MOV A, #47H
CALL OUTCHR	

CHECK_H:JB P0.7, CHECK_I

WRITE_H:
MOV A, #48H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_I:JB P1.0, CHECK_J
WRITE_I:
MOV A, #49H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_J: JB P1.1, CHECK_K
WRITE_J:
MOV A, #04AH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_K: JB P1.2, CHECK_L
WRITE_K:
MOV A, #04BH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_L: JB P1.3, CHECK_M
WRITE_L:
MOV A, #04CH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_M: JB P1.4, CHECK_N
WRITE_M:
MOV A, #04DH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_N: JB P1.5, CHECK_O
WRITE_N:
MOV A, #04EH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_O: JB P1.6, CHECK_P
WRITE_O:
MOV A, #04FH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_P: JB P1.7, CHECK_Q
WRITE_P:
MOV A, #50H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_Q: JB P2.0, CHECK_R
WRITE_Q:
MOV A, #51H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_R: JB P2.1, CHECK_S
WRITE_R:
MOV A, #52H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_S: JB P2.2, CHECK_T
WRITE_S:
MOV A, #53H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_T: JB P2.3, CHECK_U
WRITE_T:
MOV A, #54H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_U: JB P2.4, CHECK_V
WRITE_U:
MOV A, #55H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_V: JB P2.5, CHECK_W
WRITE_V:
MOV A, #56H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_W: JB P2.6, CHECK_X
WRITE_W:
MOV A, #57H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_X: JB P2.7, CHECK_Y
WRITE_X:
MOV A, #58H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_Y: JB P3.2, CHECK_Z
WRITE_Y:
MOV A, #59H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_Z: JB P3.3, CHECK_SPACE
WRITE_Z:
MOV A, #05AH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_SPACE: JB P3.4, CHECK_AGAIN
WRITE_SPACE:
MOV A, #' '
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_AGAIN: LCALL WRITE_TO_TERMINAL


OUTCHR:	JNB TI, OUTCHR
CLR TI
CALL VONESA
MOV SBUF, A

CALL WRITE_TO_TERMINAL

VONESA:	MOV R6, #0FFH
MOV R7, #05FH
PERS:		MOV R5, #0FFH
	DJNZ R5, $
	DJNZ R7, $
	DJNZ R6, PERS

	RET


STOP:
END

and this is how I've tried to bring the two together (unsuccessfully):

ESC EQU 1BH

ORG 0000H

LJMP MAIN

ORG 0023H
LJMP ISR

ORG 0030H


MAIN:
BUSY BIT P0.7
E BIT P2.4
RS BIT P2.2
RW BIT P2.3

MOV A, PCON
SETB ACC.7
MOV PCON, A
MOV SCON, #52h
MOV TMOD, #20h
MOV TH1, #-35
SETB EA
SETB ES
SETB PS
SETB TR1
CALL LCD_INIT;

PRANO: 
JNB RI, $  ; KONTROLLO A ESHTE SHRYPUR NDOJE KARAKTER
CLR RI
JNB P1.0, GO_INT_I
JNB P1.1, GO_INT_J
JNB P1.2, GO_INT_K
JNB P1.3, GO_INT_L
JNB P1.4, GO_INT_M
JNB P1.5, GO_INT_N
JNB P1.6, GO_INT_O
JNB P1.7, GO_INT_P
MOV A, SBUF
JMP CHECK_DEL
GO_INT_I: 
CLR P1.0
MOV IE, #90H
JMP PRANO

GO_INT_J: 
CLR P1.1
MOV IE, #90H
JMP PRANO

GO_INT_K: 
CLR P1.2
MOV IE, #90H
JMP PRANO

GO_INT_L: 
CLR P1.3
MOV IE, #90H
JMP PRANO

GO_INT_M: 
CLR P1.4
MOV IE, #90H
JMP PRANO

GO_INT_N: 
CLR P1.5
MOV IE, #90H
JMP PRANO

GO_INT_O: 
CLR P1.6
MOV IE, #90H
JMP PRANO

GO_INT_P: 
CLR P1.7
MOV IE, #90H
JMP PRANO

CHECK_DEL:
CJNE A, #7FH, CONTINUE
LJMP CLEAR_LCD
LJMP NEXT


CONTINUE:
CJNE A, #ESC, NO_ESC1
CLR P1.7
JNB RI, $
CLR RI
MOV A, SBUF
CJNE A, #'[', NO_KLLAPA
JNB RI, $
CLR RI
MOV A, SBUF
CJNE A, #'C', CHECK_D
LCALL MOVE_LEFT
LJMP NEXT

CHECK_D:
CJNE A, #'D', CHECK_A
LCALL MOVE_RIGHT
LJMP NEXT

CHECK_A:
CJNE A, #'A', CHECK_B
LCALL MOVE_UP
LJMP NEXT

CHECK_B:
CJNE A, #'B', NEXT
LCALL MOVE_DOWN
LJMP NEXT	




NO_ESC1:	LJMP NO_ESC

MOVE_LEFT:	
	MOV A, #14H
	ACALL COMMAND
	RET

MOVE_RIGHT:
	MOV A, #10H
	ACALL COMMAND
	RET

MOVE_UP:
	LCALL READY
	MOV A, P0
	ANL A,#00111111B
	MOV R7, A
	MOV A, #40H
	SUBB A, R6
	MOV R6, A
	MOV A, R7
	SETB ACC.7
	ACALL COMMAND
	RET

MOVE_DOWN:
	LCALL READY
	MOV A, P0
	ANL A, #00111111B
	MOV R6, A
	MOV A, #40H
	ADD A, R6
	MOV R7, A
	MOV A, R7
	SETB ACC.7
	ACALL COMMAND
	RET	

CLEAR_LCD:
	MOV A, #01H
	CALL COMMAND		




NO_KLLAPA:
LJMP NEXT

;******************************************************************
LCD_INIT:			 				 ;*
MOV A, #38H	; 2 Linja 5x7	 			 ;*
ACALL COMMAND		 				 ;*
MOV A, #0DH	;Aktivizimi i Kursorit (Blinkues)	 ;*
ACALL COMMAND		 				 ;*
MOV A, #01H	;Fshirja e ekranit	 	       	 ;*
ACALL COMMAND		 				 ;*
MOV A, #06H	;Vendosja e Kursorit Ne Te Djathe	 ;*
ACALL COMMAND						 ;*
RET			 				 ;*
							 ;*		   \
			 				 ;*=================\
COMMAND: 			 				 ;*==================\
ACALL READY		 				 ;*==================/   Pergaditja e LCD-se        
MOV P0, A		 				 ;*=================/
CLR RS							 ;*		   /
CLR RW			 				 ;*
SETB E			 				 ;*
CLR E			 				 ;*
RET			 				 ;*
			 				 ;*
			 				 ;*
			 				 ;*
READY:				 				 ;*
SETB BUSY		 				 ;*
MOV P0, #0FFH		 				 ;*
CLR RS			 				 ;*
SETB RW			 				 ;*
BACK:				 				 ;*
CLR E			 				 ;*
SETB E			 				 ;*
JB BUSY, BACK		 				 ;*
RET			 				 ;*
			 				 ;*
;******************************************************************	

NO_ESC:
LCALL LCD_DISPLAY
CPL A
MOV P1,A
NEXT:
MOV P1, #0FFH
LJMP PRANO


LCD_DISPLAY:
ACALL READY
CLR E
MOV P0, A
SETB RS
CLR RW
SETB E
CLR E
RET


ISR:
WRITE_TO_TERMINAL:


CHECK_I:JB P1.0, CHECK_J
WRITE_I:
MOV A, #49H
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_J: JB P1.1, CHECK_K
WRITE_J:
MOV A, #04AH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_K: JB P1.2, CHECK_L
WRITE_K:
MOV A, #04BH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_L: JB P1.3, CHECK_M
WRITE_L:
MOV A, #04CH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_M: JB P1.4, CHECK_N
WRITE_M:
MOV A, #04DH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_N: JB P1.5, CHECK_O
WRITE_N:
MOV A, #04EH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_O: JB P1.6, CHECK_P
WRITE_O:
MOV A, #04FH
CALL OUTCHR

CHECK_P: JB P1.7, CHECK_AGAIN
WRITE_P:
MOV A, #50H
CALL CHECK_AGAIN



CHECK_AGAIN: RETI


OUTCHR:	JNB TI, OUTCHR
CLR TI
CALL VONESA
MOV SBUF, A
CLR EA
RETI

VONESA:	MOV R6, #0FFH
MOV R7, #05FH
PERS:		MOV R5, #0FFH
	DJNZ R5, $
	DJNZ R7, $
	DJNZ R6, PERS

	RET

END

I know it's exceedingly boring to go through it all (neither I expext you to) but I'd really appreciate every idea on how to bring the two together.

Regards,

TDS

I believe that's it:-)

Good work Sisyphus

30 days?

Could you explain how you got your answer (I don't know if its correct)?

Here's how I got my 41.5 days

The cow can finish it alone in 90 days. Since it take the goat twice as more time to finish when it is with the duck, compared to the cow, then (I assume) it would take the duck 180 days to finish to finish the entire thing alone. And similarly I got 135 days for the goat (though I'm not so sure on this one).

And if you try to get the number of days that would take for the three of them together, then I tried

x/90 + x/180 + x/135 = 1

than I got that x=41.5....

But there's another way to look this.

If the cow finishes alone in 90 days, then if would finish half in 45 days. And since it takes the duck and the goat 90 days to finish it together, the three of them would finish it in 45 days:(

But the problem (I think) is that none of these takes into consideration the new grass growing:-(

OMFG, sorry!

The question is "How many days does it take the three of them together to eat all the grass."

Hey people, how are you doing?

I heard this couple days ago and tried to figure it out myself but I seem not to be able to:(

It goes like this:

|=|A cow and a goat eat all the grass of a pasture in 45 days. The (same) cow and a duck eat the grass in 60 days, and the duck and the goat east the grass in 90 days. The cow eats the same amount of grass as the duck and the goat together. But you have to take into consideration that new grass grows continuously.|=|

At first I got 45 days, then I got 41.5... days but I think neither of them is the answer.

Any suggestion?

for what i remember a star will go to a red giant dependant on it mass(.5-10 solar masses) but i suggest maybe looking the Hertzsprung - Russell diagram to help in the evolution of stars it may be helpful

Merged post follows:

i read a while back about red giants expansions based on mass, luminosity and graviation... Called " On winds of giants to binary systems by A.Frankowski..... it will should anwser your questions

Hey guys,

I was discussing with a friend about the evolution of stars, our sun especially. It's now absolutely well known that the radius of a star when it turns into a red giant is increased a lot, but he asked me whether there is a formula or any other way using which you can calculate this radius increase yourself. Of course there must be some way, and I couldn't answer him.

So is there a formula, or other way so you can calculate yourself what the radius of our sun (for example) will increase when it turns into a Red Giant?

Regards,

shade

Merry Christmas to you all.

(Next stop: New Year)

That does neither give the proton mass (that he said he was looking for but which simply is ~1000 MeV/c²), nor something in units of voltage (what his result was), nor the kinetic energy of a proton at 99% of c (what the thread was about). What it gives is the relativistic mass of an object.

Is there such a thing? How could it be figured?

Maybe its kinda stupid but this is how I think about it.

Force is the product of mass and acceleration ([math]F=ma[/math]), so in order for there is be a quantized unit of force, there would have to be a quanta of mass and quanta of acceleration (neither of which I am aware of), so you'd have 'smallest mass' doing 'smallest acceleration' which would mean you had 'smallest force' acting on that mass. But this implies something else, like would that quanta of force overcome the friction force of the medium where the experiment is taking place? So it's kinda stupid!

The cosmological constant only changes relative to our present time. Relative to the cosmos it is constant, it is the cosmos that changes.

Just to add another thing and create a parallel.

In classical physics an electron (for example) is thought to create an electric field around itself, and Feynman's electrodynamic theory describes the electron as being sorrounded by things he called 'vitual photons' (because they behaved like photons) that behaved like EM waves. So when you have two electrons, one electrons absorbs this wave created by the other electrons, and this wave sort of transmits some momentum which will eventually results with a push. So in this case, the carriers of the electris field are these virtual photons. For strong nuclear force you have gluons, and similalry (why would it be different?) for gravity physicists think there are these gravitons.

Hope I haven't been confusing:-)

When he was talking about empty space energy, I thought of an interesting opinion I heard (IIRC it was Richard Muller). He said that maybe vacuum repells itself somehow, and as this repulsion takes place, mroe vacuum is 'created' hence the repulsion increases and it goes on.

btw: accepting for a moment that cosmological constant changes, why is it then called a constant?

thanks for sharing

I figured 6.65e9 Volts for a proton mass. Is this right?

[math]E=\frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}}[/math]

Going in circles again:D

How can we speak of artificial intelligence, when modern psychologists cannot even agree on a definition of human intelligence? First, provide an operational definition of human intelligence; then, one can begin to speak of artificial intelligence.

Oh boy!

Keep your shoes on your feet, dude.

Unless he wants to be called a hero:-p

My first thought is that it would heat the disk through which it passes, but I'm really not certain.

If you did jump out of a spaceship in the vacuum of space with no hope of rescue.

 

Consider how lucky you have been that life has been so good to you up until this point. If life hasn't been that good to you, which, considering your current situation seems more likely, consider how fortunate you are that it won't be bothering you for much longer.

But this doesn't answer his question and it's kidna off-topic.