Sepiraph

There were a handful of female students in my physics program, on a per class basis it would be like less than 10%. There were a few girls that took the 4th year General Relativity course which ironically wasn't a requisite in our cirriculum (I didn't even take it myself meaning I never learn GR with my BSc but I know a bit about Quantum Computation). Although I don't recall any girl taking abstract algebra classes like Group Theory or Field Theory. Overall I think about 5-6 graduated in my year.

Then again you can have Winnie Cooper in your mathematics program, she even has an Erdos number!

1. Steven Weinberg, Nobel

2. Richard Feynman, Nobel

3. Georges Charpak, Nobel (Wrote "Debunked" with Henri Broch)

4. Lawrence M. Krauss, PhD (HP: http://www.phys.cwru.edu/~krauss/)

5. Costas Efthimiou, PhD (not sure if atheist)

6. Dirac, P.A.M. Nobel

Added Dirac, along with Pauli's quote while commenting about Dirac's religious belief:

There is no God, and Dirac is his prophet.

Always check wikipedia & google

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_spanning_tree

Dijkstra's minimal spanning tree algorithm (or a variation of it) is used in OSPF for linked-state protocol in router, of which the internet depends on. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSPF

Although I'm not sure if this is what the OP had in mine, but I was wondering what mathematics has to say about emergence. To quote from wikipedia:

Although the above examples of emergence are often contentious, mathematics provides a rigorous basis for defining and demonstrating emergence. Alex Ryan shows that a Möbius strip has emergent properties (Ryan 2006). The Möbius strip is a one-sided, one-edged surface. Further, a Möbius strip can be constructed from a set of two-sided, three edged, triangular surfaces. Only the complete set of triangles is one-sided and one-edged: any subset does not share these properties. Therefore, the emergent property can be said to emerge precisely when the final piece of the Möbius strip is put in place. An emergent property is a spatially or temporally extended feature – it is coupled to a definite scope, and cannot be found in any component because the components are associated with a narrower scope.

 

Pithily, emergent properties are those that are global, topological: properties of the whole.

I wonder if the concept may also arise in area of computing like Complexity Theory, either way I'd really want to see if there is any mathematical paper on this subject.