ardent

Since I can't read the whole article, I guess HY is the name of a gene which was inserted in a TCR model. It could be used as the experimental or control "group."

Study SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) on CYP2E1 gene and correlate it with the prevalence of developing carcinoma.

As for nuclear DNA, it would be impossible to pass on to your child an exact copy of a certain gene. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are a great factor to one's unique DNA fingerprint. Also, DNA recombination between your parents during fertilization would be a strong basis of having a unique set of genes.

I could sense that this is in a way similar to ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) wherein the enzyme is bound to an antibody. When this antibody binds to its corresponding antigen, the enzyme linked to the antibody would proceed to formation of a detectable result (which in this case is the formation of a colored precipitate).