yunus shukor

Thanks for the observation The authors did suggest a possible way/reason for administering the surfactant "This observation raises the possibility that administration of these lipids to individuals with an established and active infection may significantly reduce the successful transmission of infectious particles to other members of the same household."

turns out there are in vivo studies Numata, M., Mitchell, J. R., Tipper, J. L., Brand, J. D., Trombley, J. E., Nagashima, Y., ... & Voelker, D. R. (2020). Pulmonary surfactant lipids inhibit infections with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in several animal models. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 295(6), 1704-1715. see references therein

see Perino J, Crouzier D, Spehner D, Debouzy JC, Garin D, Crance JM, Favier AL. Lung surfactant DPPG phospholipid inhibits vaccinia virus infection. Antiviral Res. 2011;89:89–97. from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3247641/#R52

maybe doctors can try https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_surfactant Composition ~40% dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC);[5] ~40% other phospholipids (PC);[5] ~10% surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D);[5] ~10% neutral lipids (Cholesterol);[5] Traces of other substances. tweaked it a bit in vitro to see the best composition or addition that can kill the virus

Thanks most recent study, with more patients and published in an non-obscure journal Sathyapalan, D. T., Padmanabhan, A., Moni, M., P-Prabhu, B., Prasanna, P., Balachandran, S., ... & Jayaprasad, R. (2020). Efficacy & safety of Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) in severe thrombocytopenia (≤ 30,000/μl) in adult dengue–Results of a pilot study. PLoS One, 15(2), e0228699. Abstract Severe thrombocytopenia in dengue often prompts platelet transfusion primarily to reduce bleeding risk. In India, about 11–43% of dengue patients report receiving platelet transfusions which is considered scarce and expensive especially in resource limited settings. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) in the management of severe thrombocytopenia (≤30,000/μL) in dengue infection. 51 laboratory confirmed adult dengue patients with platelet counts ≤30,000/μL were randomly assigned to either treatment (n = 26) or placebo (n = 24) group. By day 3, CPLE treated patients reported significantly (p = 0.007) increased platelet counts (482%± 284) compared to placebo (331%±370) group. In the treatment group, fewer patients received platelet transfusions (1/26 v/s 2/24) and their median time for platelets to recover to ≥ 50,000/μL was 2 days (IQR 2–3) compared to 3 days (IQR 2–4) in placebo. Overall, CPLE was safe and well tolerated with no significant decrease in mean hospitalization days. Plasma cytokine profiling revealed that by day 3, mean percent increase in TNFα and IFNγ levels in treatment group was less compared to that observed in placebos; (TNFα: 58.6% v/s 127.5%; p = 0.25 and IFNγ: 1.93% v/s 62.6% for; p = 0.12). While a mean percent increase in IL-6 levels occurred in placebos (15.92%±29.93%) by day 3, a decrease was noted in CPLE group (12.95%±21.75%; p = 0.0232). Inversely, CPLE treated patients reported a mean percent increase compared to placebo by day 3 (143% ±115.7% v/s 12.03%± 48.4%; p = 0.006). Further, by day 3, a faster clearance kinetics of viral NS1 antigenemia occurred–mean NS1 titers in treatment group decreased to 97.3% compared to 88% in placebos (p = 0.023). This study demonstrates safety and efficacy of CPLE in increasing platelet counts in severe thrombocytopenia in dengue infections. A possible immunomodulatory and antiviral activity may be attributed to CPLE treatment. These findings merit validation in larger prospective studies. Trial registration Name of the registry: Clinical Trials Registry—India (CTRI) Registration No.: CTRI-REF/2017/02/013314 regarding Covid-19 see last statement "Consumption of papain leaf extract can probably help in fighting Covid-19 infection, but more studies are needed to support this premise. An important step for a start is the in silico docking behavior of potential ligands from papaya leaves extract to the papain-like Covid-19 protease; one of the main targets of Covid-19 antiviral drug screening strategy (Arya et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020).