exchemist

8 hours ago, marczapi said:

In my research of history, I have discovered that there have been cataclysms in the past so massive that they could not have been caused by terrestrial forces alone. Wanting to explain their cause, I became interested in the cosmos and discovered that the greatest cataclysms on Earth are caused by the magnetic influence of the planets. This discovery enables us to predict the date of earthquakes based on space weather. I'm new to astrophysics, so I'm ready to take all your remarks into consideration.

 

Introduction

 

This animation created by NASA shows the forecast of space weather in the solar system. At the top you can see the date and time of the forecast. Let's focus on the image on the left. The white dot in the middle is the Sun, and the yellow dot on the right is Earth.

 

 

Sunspots give off the solar wind, a stream of plasma composed primarily of protons, electrons and alpha particles. Areas of dense solar wind are marked in green-yellow-orange. The stream of plasma flies from the Sun straight into space. As the sun rotates all the time, so does the direction of the solar wind. For this reason, the plasma stream takes the shape of a spiral. The solar wind may appear to revolve around the sun, but this is only an illusion. In fact, the solar wind moves in a straight line from the sun. This is clearly visible in the example of a solar flare that emanates from the Sun and travels in the upper-right direction.

The solar wind carries the Sun's magnetic field far into space. The sun's magnetic field thus assumes a spiral shape. The white lines extending from the Sun in the region of the dense solar wind are the heliospheric current sheet. This layer separates the two regions of the sun's magnetic field in opposite directions. On one half, the direction of the magnetic field is directed towards the Sun, and on the other - away from the Sun. The outer edge of the circle is colored red and blue, representing two regions of the magnetic field with different directions. Due to the magnetic forces involved, there are usually two dense plasma streams at the boundary between the sectors, which are directed in opposite directions.

 

Around the circle we see numbers from 1 to 27, which are the measure of days. Every day, the current sheet rotates by 1 point, which is caused by the rotation of the Sun around its axis. It takes 25.38 days for the Sun to make one complete rotation.(Ref.) However, during this time the Earth travels some distance in its orbit, so the current sheet takes another almost two days to catch up Earth. Therefore, it takes an average of 27.28 days for the current sheet to rotate relative to the Earth. This is a theoretical value, and in practice the position of the current sheet depends on the space weather, so the rotation time is variable.

 

The planets Jupiter and Saturn have a longer orbital period around the Sun, so they cover a smaller angle of their orbit in one rotation of the Sun. Because of this, the sun's magnetic field takes less time to make a full rotation relative to these planets. It takes an average of 25.44 days for the solar magnetic field to rotate relative to Saturn and 25.53 days relative to Jupiter. During this time, the heliospheric current sheet and dense solar wind streaks pass through each of these large planets twice. I believe that each such passage causes a disturbance of the magnetic field in the plasma stream, which creates the risk of cataclysms on Earth.

According to the laws of physics, when a magnet moves near a current conductor, it creates an electric current flow in it. In turn, the flow of electric current in a conductor creates a magnetic field around it. Jupiter and Saturn have a very strong magnetic field, that is, they are magnets, and magnets of enormous size. In turn, the solar wind and the current sheet running in it are good conductors of electricity. I believe that when the magnetosphere of large planets comes into contact with a dense stream of plasma, then a strong electric current is created in it. This electric current flows over the plasma stream and creates a strong magnetic field around it. My guess is that this magnetic field can affect the Sun, causing solar flares. It also affects the Earth, causing strong earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Jupiter and Saturn pass through a dense plasma stream once every less than 2 weeks, which is why I called this cycle the 2-week cataclysm cycle. Although, in fact, the timing of the planets' passage through the plasma stream depends on the state of space weather, so cataclysms do not happen on a regular basis. The 2-week cycle is just a convenient name.

Space weather forecasts can be found on NASA's website:

WSA-Enlil 5.5 AU +CME Animation

Enlil 5.5 AU no-CME Image

WSA-Enlil 2 AU +CME Animation

 

 

Hunga-Tonga volcano eruption

 

Let's check whether large cataclysms are really caused by the interplanetary magnetic field. Let's look at the 2022 Hunga-Tonga eruption. The eruption was rated at VEI-5 or 6. It was the largest volcanic eruption since the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, and the most powerful eruption since the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. Scientists cannot explain why this outburst was so extraordinarily powerful.

The record-breaking eruption occurred after an approximately month-long period of eruptive activity. The first phase of Hunga-Tonga eruption began on 19 Dec 2021 at 20:40 UTC,(Ref.) shortly after which the altitude of an umbrella cloud reached 15 km. Let's see what space weather was like at the time of this eruption. The image on the left shows space weather near Earth, 3 hours and 20 minutes after the eruption. The image on the right shows the state within 5.5 AU (or Jupiter's orbit), 14 hours and 20 minutes after the eruption. The brown dot at the bottom of the circle is Jupiter.

 

 

We see that at the time of the December eruption, the Earth was at the edge of a medium-density plasma flux. Jupiter was also not far in front of the dense plasma stream. These space weather forecasts are not super accurate and may be slightly different from the actual situation. It is likely that the eruption occurred just as Jupiter was entering the plasma stream. So it is likely that it was Jupiter's interaction with the plasma stream that caused the disturbance of the interplanetary magnetic field, which resulted in a volcanic eruption on Earth.

In the following days, the Hunga-Tonga volcano experienced several smaller eruptions. As activity on the island decreased, it was declared dormant on 11 January 2022. The volcano resumed its activity around 25-26 days after the first eruption. This period just coincides with the duration of one complete rotation of the solar magnetic field. A large eruption commenced on 13 January 2022 at 15:20 UTC, sending clouds of ash 20 km into the atmosphere. A day and a half later, on 15 January 2022 at 04:15 UTC,(Ref.) the shallow water Hunga-Tonga volcano produced the past century's most energetic eruption. The eruption column rose 58 km into the mesosphere. Let's see what space weather was like at the time of these two eruptions.

 

 

The situation in the pictures looks very interesting! At the time of the first eruption, both Earth and Jupiter were just entering a very dense stream of plasma. However, at the moment of the record-breaking second eruption, both planets were just coming out of the stream! A situation in which both planets align simultaneously on streams of very dense plasma is probably extremely rare. In this case, it coincided with a record-breaking volcanic eruption. I think this remarkable coincidence confirms that the cause of the eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano was the influence of the solar plasma magnetic field on the Earth. This supports the theory that the magnetic interaction of planets can trigger cataclysms on Earth.

 

 

Recent cataclysms

 

Let's look at the cataclysms that happened in the recent weeks and see if they were caused by forces from outer space. I selected several natural disasters from February 1 to March 17, 2023. The list included earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.9 or greater and those that killed at least 10 people, and X-class solar flares.

 

Feb 6 (1:17 and 10:24) - M7.8 and M7.5 Earthquakes (Turkey)
Feb 11 (15:40) - X1.1 Solar flare
Feb 17 (19:38) - X2.2 Solar flare
Feb 20 (17:04) - M6.3 Earthquake (Turkey)
Mar 3 (17:42) - X2.1 Solar flare
Mar 4 (6:41) - M6.9 Earthquake (Kermadec Islands)
Mar 16 (0:56) - M7.0 Earthquake (Kermadec Islands)

 

You can find a list of the largest earthquakes and solar flares here:

Earthquakes by magnitude

Earthquakes by death toll

Top 50 solar flares

 

 

Earthquakes of February 6

 

A devastating earthquake happened on February 6, 2023 in Turkey and Syria. At 1:17 a.m., the first magnitude 7.8 quake occurred. Then, at 10:24 AM, there was a 7.5 magnitude aftershock. During this quake, the tectonic plate shifted 8 meters. The earthquake killed 58,000 people, making it the 10th deadliest earthquake in the last 100 years. Let's look at what space weather was like at the time of this cataclysm.

 

 

In the image on the right, we can see that at the time of this earthquake, Jupiter was only hours away from entering the plasma stream and crossing the current sheet. This space weather forecast was released a week earlier, so it may be a little inaccurate. It is likely that Jupiter was crossing the current sheet at the time of the quake, and this event was the cause of the cataclysm. The image on the left shows that at the time of the quake, Earth was in an area of rare plasma concentration. This shows that Earth does not necessarily have to be in a region of dense plasma to experience the effects of an interplanetary magnetic field. Although, as the example of the Hunga-Tonga eruption shows, when the Earth is in an area of dense plasma, then the cataclysms are stronger.

 

 

Earthquake of February 20

 

Another significant earthquake in Turkey occurred on February 20 at 17:04. It had a magnitude of 6.3, so it wasn't particularly strong, but it caused 13 fatalities. Here's what the cosmos looked like at the time of the quake.

 

 

We see that at the time of the quake, the Earth was in the region of the rare solar wind. Jupiter, on the other hand, was just entering a dense stream of plasma and crossing the current sheet. This is another cataclysm that coincides with Jupiter's entry into the plasma stream.

 

 

Solar flare on March 3rd and earthquake on March 4th

 

On March 3 at 17:42 there was a solar flare with a magnitude of X2.1. It was the second strongest solar outburst since the beginning of the 52-year cycle. Shortly afterwards, on March 4 at 6:41 AM, there was a 6.9 magnitude earthquake in the Pacific Ocean (the strongest quake in 26 days). Let's look at what space weather was like at that time.

 

 

We see that at the time of these cataclysms, the Earth was at the limit of the medium-density plasma flux. Jupiter was also on the edge of the plasma flux, and in addition was close to the current sheet, which could have disturbed the interplanetary magnetic field and initiated cataclysms. This gives us another confirmation of the theory about the influence of planets on the formation of cataclysms.

 

February 11 solar flare

 

On February 11, at 3:40 p.m., a solar flare of magnitude X1.1 occurred. It was the third strongest flare since early February. It occurred shortly after Jupiter emerged from a dense plasma stream. However, this planet was probably already out of the stream, so its influence should not have contributed to the flare. So we will check whether the flare could have been caused by the magnetic influence of another large planet - Saturn.

 

Unfortunately, I couldn't find a forecast of space weather near Saturn on the NASA website, so we have to calculate this based on the space weather at Jupiter's orbit. To determine what the space weather was like in the vicinity of Saturn at the time of the flare, we need to check what the space weather looked like in the orbit of Jupiter several days before the flare.

 

 

The image on the left shows space weather to the distance of Jupiter's orbit on January 28, 2023 at 0:00 (so less than 15 days before the solar flare). The planet Saturn is not visible in this picture because it lies far beyond Jupiter's orbit. To estimate where Saturn should be in this drawing, we need to look at the alignment of the planets that day. The image on the right shows what position Saturn was in relation to Earth at that time. I took the alignment of the planets from in-the-sky.org, and to measure the angle between the planets I used a Chrome extension called Protractor. The protractor shows us what position Saturn was in relation to the Earth (the 3rd planet from the Sun is Earth). We can see that on 28 January, Saturn was at an angle of 164° to the Earth. Now let's look at the image on the left to find where Saturn should be. If Saturn were plotted in the image on the left, it would be well outside the circle, in a direction that makes an angle of 164° to the Earth (yellow dot). Thus, Saturn should be approximately in the direction marked "12" on the circle, perhaps slightly above it.

 

We can see that on the border of the circle near the number "12" a dense stream of plasma was passing along with the current sheet. I think that if we pushed this forecast back in time by several hours, then the current sheet would be headed exactly towards Saturn. This stream of solar wind moves in a straight line from the Sun towards Saturn. The solar wind travels at about 500 km/s, so it will take about 15 days to travel from 5.5 AU to Saturn (~9.8 AU). From his observations, he concludes that a value of about 14 days 20 hours works best. This is not an exact value, because the exact speed of the solar wind is difficult to determine. The plasma, which was located at the number "12" on the circle on January 28, was heading directly towards Saturn and should reach it in the second half of February 11. It was on that day that Saturn crossed the current sheet and entered a dense stream of plasma. It just so happens that at that time there was a strong flare on the Sun. The flare occurred at most a few hours after Saturn crossed the current sheet, or perhaps at that very moment. Thus, it appears that Saturn's interaction with the plasma stream was most likely the cause of this strong solar flare.

 

 

February 17 solar flare

 

On February 17, at 19:38, there was a very strong solar flare with a magnitude of X2.2 (the strongest since the beginning of the year). It was not due to the influence of Jupiter. We'll check if it was caused by the influence of Saturn. Let's do the same analysis as above. Let's start by checking what the space weather was like around Jupiter's orbit around 15 days before the outburst, and find out where Saturn was at that time.

 

 

We see that on February 3, Saturn was at 165° to the Earth. If we marked Saturn in the picture on the left, it would be outside the circle, in the direction lying between the numbers "12" and "13". We can see that there was a dense stream of plasma in that place. This stream extended from the direction marked with the number "11" to the direction marked with the number "14", meaning it had a width of 3 days. The plasma from this stream was headed straight for Saturn and should have reached it in about 15 days. So the stream should pass through Saturn from February 16 to 19. A powerful solar flare occurred around the middle of this period. So we see that in this case the influence of Saturn could again be the cause of the flare.

 

 

Earthquake of March 16

 

On March 16 at 0:56 a.m. there was a strong earthquake under the Pacific, in the area of Kermadec Islands, which had a magnitude of 7.0. Let's see if this quake was caused by the influence of Saturn. Let's see what the space weather was like 15 days earlier, on March 1.

 

 

We see that Saturn was at 168° to Earth that day. If we transfer this angle to the image on the left, it will indicate the position of Saturn between the numbers "14" and "15", so very close to the current sheet. After about half of the day, i.e. on March 1 at 12:00, the current sheet should be exactly between the numbers "14" and "15". Add 14 days and 20 hours to this date, and it turns out that on March 16, around 8:00 am, the current sheet should reach Saturn. The earthquake blew 7 hours earlier. Even if Saturn did not cross the current sheet at the time of the earthquake, it was in a dense plasma stream and could have a magnetic effect on space and Earth. At the time of this event, Earth was in the region of the rare solar wind.(Ref.) Despite this, Saturn's influence proved to be sufficient to cause a strong earthquake.

 

 

Great cataclysms

 

The above analysis proves that the magnetic interaction of Jupiter and Saturn can indeed cause cataclysms on Earth and explosions on the Sun. I think the impact of the planet is when it enters or exits a dense plasma stream, because then the force of its attraction suddenly increases or decreases. The mere presence of a planet in a stream does not have such clear effects. However, the greatest impact occurs when the planet passes through the current sheet, because then it enters the area with the opposite direction of the magnetic field. Its force suddenly reverses then, eg attraction turns into repulsion. In this case, the change in the force of interaction is therefore double.

 

The biggest recent cataclysms were the earthquake in Turkey, which was caused by the influence of Jupiter, and the eruption of the Shiveluch volcano on April 10, 2023 with the strength of VEI-4, which was caused by the influence of Saturn. However, these were not the great cataclysms that we know from past global cataclysms. Medieval chroniclers wrote about powerful earthquakes, which were accompanied by such large shifts of tectonic plates that "a village had moved a distance of four miles". You can read about historical global cataclysms at Reset676.com. I think there's an explanation why some cataclysms are so powerful. The cataclysms of recent weeks were caused by the influence of only one of the planets. However, the really big cataclysms happen when both planets affect the Earth at the same time. The image below will help you understand why the impact of both planets can sometimes occur at the same time.

 

 

To create this image, I used the actual shape of the current sheet, which I found in NASA materials and which occurred on February 8, 2015.(Ref.) However, I have rearranged the planets in such a way that they are aligned as they were during the past global cataclysms. A similar alignment of the planets will occur in 2023-2025. This picture is to help you imagine the mechanism of the formation of cataclysms. In reality, the shape of the current sheet is variable and may differ from the one shown in the picture. Typically, however, there are two current sheet lines spiraling away from the Sun, each in the opposite direction.

We see that when Jupiter and Saturn are at about 70° to each other, then both current sheet lines pass through Jupiter and Saturn at the same time. Thus, both planets simultaneously affect the interplanetary magnetic field and cause cataclysms with double power. This may explain the mechanism of great cataclysms that have occurred in history.

I suppose that great cataclysms can be created by feedback. The passage of the planets through the plasma stream disturbs the Sun's magnetic field, causing strong solar flares. These solar flares give off large amounts of plasma, making the plasma streams denser and more conductive. The next time the planet passes through the stream, then its influence will be even stronger than before. This will cause even more powerful solar flares, which will give off even more plasma and increase the impact of planets and the power of cataclysms. The mechanism winds itself up, eventually leading to ever-larger, tremendous earthquakes.

 

The discovery of the influence of interplanetary magnetic field on cataclysms allows us to predict earthquakes and solar flares based on space weather. I post my cataclysm predictions on my forum and on my twitter. So far, I have made 3 predictions, 3 of which have been successful. This finally confirms that my theory is correct.

 

I base my predictions on space weather forecasts from the NASA website: WSA-Enlil Cone 5.5. Unfortunately, NASA provides this type of data irregularly and rarely. For more than a month, no new forecasts have been published on this website, and this makes it very difficult to predict cataclysms. I need information on space weather for the next few days, including CME, to the distance of 5.5 AU or more. If you know where I can get such predictions, please let me know, it's very important. Author: Marek Czapiewski

 

 

Two questions:

- On what grounds do you claim terrestrial forces could not have been responsible?

- Have you calculated, or estimated, the magnitude of these interplanetary magnetic forces that you claim are implicated?

2 hours ago, zhangchang said:

Perhaps we can design a device that combines temperature sensors with pyrotechnic components. When the temperature sensor senses a change in temperature, it will send a detonation signal to the electronic detonators that make up the initiating component, and then the electronic detonators will detonate. How can this process be achieved?

Central heating thermostat?

5 hours ago, paulsutton said:

This was posted to the Fediverse , just sharing here so we can discuss here too.

‘We are moving in the wrong direction’: New UN report highlights the scale of global climate change

https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/04/21/record-heat-sea-level-rise-and-melting-ice-new-report-highlights-climate-changes-global-ad

One question is, how many more reports are needed before we as a human race take things more seriously.  

There is only so much as individuals we can do surely.

Paul

 

It’s a question of progressive pressure to change. We are moving quite a bit now: almost no senior politician any longer denies the need for action, and governments and industry are investing in the shift. Of course we have move faster but there won’t ever be a discrete tipping point.. People have get used to changes and find tangible upsides in it for them, especially when it impacts their personal lifestyles. We have not got far with that yet, apart from cars. Home heating is a big one. 

1 hour ago, geordief said:

Trump also has his own secular  infallibility  doctrine.

 

He makes "perfect" phone calls when they seem to an outsider to be anything but.

He is also able to declassify documents by the power of thought.

 

Perhaps they might give him the job in the Vatican and he can blow smoke up their arses when the  election result is announced by his cronies

 

 

I don’t think the Vatican, for all its faults, would want to have anything to with Trump. The guy seems to be actually evil.

5 hours ago, paulsutton said:

Excellent point here,   things can be made too easy so we over rely on tech to do the most basic tasks for us,  then when we need to actually do a task without tech we struggle.

I still prefer, what would be old fashioned paper maps,  the advantage is, if inserted in a clear paper bag,  will also work perfectly in all weathers,  paper maps don't need batteries either.  So being able to think about where places are in relation to current location is helpful.

I think there are also links between delaying conditions such as dementia and keeping the brain active and therefore healthy.   Hence we have brain training activities.  

Paul

I’m certainly with you 100% on maps. Like you I feel a need to know where I am going in relation to other places. I also like to have a mental picture of the journey. It makes me feel I am in charge rather than blindly following instructions. 

5 hours ago, studiot said:

The last 100 years or so has seen a steady reduction in the mental agility required for ordinary everyday living.

Folks no longer need to work out weights and measures, or calculate prices, totals or change to be given.

Modern 'scales' do all this and more.

You can just wave your phone or RFID card at the bus driver, sometimes you don't even get a ticket or receipt.

Reading is no longer required.

 

No it is conventional wisdom that as we progress through life and grow into old age, physical exercise is important towards retaining good physical health and agility.

 

So the question arises does the same thing occur with mental agility ( I can include mental health if you like but  please don't concentrate on that)

 

In other words should we also use our brains or loose them ?

 

On the contrary it seems to me that modern life requires mastery of an ever-expanding battery of computerised tasks, mostly to be done on your own without help. So mental agility is still needed but of a different sort.

However I have certainly read of the importance of exercising the mind as one grows old. That’s one reason why I sing and why I do sudoku after lunch and wordle at teatime. And hang around science forums of course. 

23 minutes ago, Phi for All said:

As I understand it, a pope can only make infallible statements about church doctrine while holding office. It's not like everything they say is without error once they become pope.

Yes it is only ex cathedra pronouncements on faith and morals. Most popes are very sparing indeed in their use of this. 
 

I think I recall this dodgy (and risky) doctrine was only formalised in the c.19th, at a time when the church was going through a phase of dogmatic absolutism.

1 hour ago, paulsutton said:

This is sort of related to my post on Red Cabbage indicator in the Amateur Science section.

https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/131382-red-cabbage-indicator/

So in terms of experiments that cause a change in pH should this be referred to as increasing and decreasing pH of a solution / substance.

For example if I take Vinegar which is Acidic (so pH will be between i think 6 and 1,    and add Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate, which is an Alkali (pH 8 to 14).  then the acid either neutralised or becomes more alkali,  so the pH has increased.  pH 7 being neutral of course. 

I am trying to write up an experiment or an idea I have had at least, and want to make sure I use the correct terminology.

Thanks

Paul

Yes, pH can increase or decrease, or one can speak of a low (acid) or high (basic) pH.

17 minutes ago, geordief said:

I have lots of these and they date back some 30-60 years.(so no washing instructions  on them)

Now I think I may have bed bugs or similar in my bed and so I want to clean the bedding.

Easy enough with sheets but I am not sure about the woolen blankets as the (=my) rule with wool is to wash at a cold water temperature-and this may not be very effective for  killing these bed bugs

 

My suspicion is that it may be possible to go to a warmish temperature  without damaging them but not the 90%that I am using on the sheets.

I doubt this is a problem many here  will have faced  but I can't seem to find another  discussion  forum dealing with washing clothes or similar. 

 

Maybe ,I can use one as a Guinea pig  first  to see if they take very hot water without shrinking. 

 

I don't suppose  just airing  them  (for a few days) would do the job.

 

 

Bed bugs are bloodsucking insects.  If you’ve got those you need to fumigate the entire bedroom, paying attention to the underside of the bed and mattress as well as the top.

But I doubt this is what you mean. If you mean dust mites, then washing should help. Woollens are washed not cold but at 30C usually. That should be OK. I would not go hotter if I were you.

44 minutes ago, tmdarkmatter said:

Why would my concepts disagree with what we observe? I think it is rather that we cannot confirm if this concept is true because we cannot measure all the radiation hitting us and calculate its force nor can we confirm that spacetime curvature exists. There are no proofs. It is just that we are conformists. If spacetime curvature can only be confirmed by gravity and gravity can only be confirmed by spacetime curvature, than this is not science. And even if you melt both ideas and say that spacetime curvature is gravity, we can still remove the spacetime curvature and say that there is only gravity and nothing else. So we are still in the times of Newton, we just have to optimize our understanding of gravity taking into account that protons themselves are being bent by gravitation and that they are also redshifted. Spacetime curvature is nonsense. It is just "an idea quickly accepted by the world of scientists without any proofs" that made Einstein rich and famous and with it the western world became the winners of sime kind of "cold war of science" (just check the amount of nobel prizes by country to see what I mean). Unfortunately, it converted physics into some kind of religion and now it is impossible to propose new ideas without being classified as flat earther.  The first condition necessary to be a scientist is not special skills or intelligence. The first conditions are being modest, being able to observe the world/universe, being able to listen to others and having good intentions for humanity. And your goal should not be to become rich and famous nor to treat others as flat earthers, just because they say something different to your unconfirmed theory. I know that you will now show me that the theory was confirmed several times, but if you really take your time and analyze the situation, you will always arrive at the same sentences I mentioned at the beginning.

I have a couple of questions:

- How does your radiation concept account for the time dilation we observe in communications satellites, which is accurately predicted by relativity?

- Are you an electrical engineer, by any chance? 

4 hours ago, MJ kihara said:

This thread intend to get input about the connection between the three issues outlined in the topic...mainstream argument is highly welcomed and wild suggestions is appreciated.

My take is this,you have two events in space-time  with common origin such that  t=t'=0 they are freefalling in the same space axis then you lorentz trasforms one event(t') towards to past the null line of the other(t)...the worldline of event(t') will be becoming closer to the null line from the upper part(increasing angle from time axis) while the space axis of event (t') will becoming closer to the null line from lower part(increasing angle from space axis),as the world line approaches the null line trying to go past it,it causes instabilities in the space-time,this instabilities show up as quantum fluctuations in a vacuum...what's your take?

Typo on the topic ...it's quantum fluctuation...pliz correction.

Makes no sense. Vacuum fluctuations arise due to the uncertainty principle. Nothing to do with relativity.

1 hour ago, paulsutton said:

Just made up a new batch and it is the right colour.  The new batch is in the beaker on the left,  the old batch is on the right. 

 

Thanks to everyone for their help with this.

 

Paul

 

 

That looks a lot better, certainly. 

3 minutes ago, paulsutton said:

It may be a hard water area,   I will include a link to the wikipedia page as it may be helpful to others here too

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_water

I would guess you know what it is anyway,  

Paul

 

Yup. Chalk. CaCO3.

2 minutes ago, paulsutton said:

Cool, thanks will do that,  yeah the infographic I have here explains the science behind it,  pretty clever stuff,   shows how nature seems to have an answer for all sorts of things.   I would guess the washing up water goes blue as the liquid is usually alkaline.

I will see what I can make this week,   the other stuff still works ok,  just from  a science view point it should be done properly and any anomalies removed as not to either impact results of experiments or the interpretation of experiments.

 

Paul

OK. By the way the anthocyanins in my red fruit turn blue just rinsed with water - before any detergent is added. So the water itself is sufficiently alkaline to do it. From looking it up, I see the pH of London water is in the range 8.0-8.5. 

45 minutes ago, paulsutton said:

This could explain why I seem to be getting my results.  I didn't make the indicator one of the my local library staff made some up for the STEM group we run at the library

I think I have a few options

Firstly determine what colour red cabbage indicator is normally, as according to

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMXMlWybv8A

 

It is more of a purple colour,  so would suggest it is neutral

1.  Make up a fresh batch,  would using De-ionized water rather than tap water be better?

2.  Repeat experiments and see if there is a change in result

I will keep trying, 

Thank you again

Regards

 

Paul

 

Yes I would definitely use deionised water and a fresh, untreated cabbage. But I've never done this myself, I should stress. My experience is only in the kitchen, where I find the juice from red fruits goes distinctly blue when I rinse dishes. Almost all of them get the purple colour from anthocyanins, I believe, from blackcurrants to aubergines and red cabbage, so the same behaviour is expected, modified only by whatever acidity there may be in the fruit or vegetable involved.)

The reason for the colour change is quite interesting. These are conjugated ring systems with extensively delocalised π-orbitals. Protonation and deprotonation alters the bonding and thereby changes the energy gap between ground and first excited state, so that the molecule absorbs a different chunk of the visible spectrum.    

21 minutes ago, Sensei said:

Have you seen the ocean world map?

https://www.google.com/search?q=seawater+world+map+ph

 

These show different ranges in detail but in all cases the pH is 8 +/- 0.2or so.

So red cabbage should be blueish, if there are no acids around to distort it. But as @John Cuthber points out, at such a neutral pH, very small changes in  H+ concentration have have a big effect on the value, so any traces of acid contamination can alter it quite a bit. 

1 hour ago, paulsutton said:

I am using some Red Cabbage indicator to investigate the pH of seawater collected locally.  I seem to be getting results that imply that local seawater is acidic.

I have attached a photo and also attached a pH scale portion of the CompoundChem website

https://www.compoundchem.com/2017/05/18/red-cabbage/

According to :  https://centerforsurfresearch.org/chemical-composition-of-seawater/

"Seawater has a slightly alkaline composition, ranging between 7.5 and 8.4".

Granted,  seawater pH probably varies around the world.   But this just seems way off.

In which case the colour should surely be more towards Purple / Blue

The pH indicator does work as I used so know that adding acids or alkalis produces the expected colours.

Has anyone else tried this ?  Could there be a reason for the acidification, granted the sea was a bit rough when this was collected so there is a chance the colour and acidity could be due to something else being mixed in with the water.

I will try and collect some more seawater on a calm day see if that is any different.

Just asking as it may help my investigations further.

Thanks

Paul

 

 

"

Paul, when I cook red cabbage the problem is to stop it turning blue when I sweat it with butter or add any water (I live in a hard water area). The normal way to do this in cookery is by adding acid, e.g slices of apple, or vinegar. How did you prepare the indicator? Did you buy a fresh red cabbage and extract the anthocyanin yourself, or does it come from something in a jar. If the latter, it will almost certainly have some sort of acidifier in it, to keep the colour.   

3 hours ago, observer1 said:

so basically,
it might be the organic stuff reacting with air while in water and turning yellow
to get around it, I started evaporating in a larger plate, so more surface area and faster evaporation, so not it is becoming nice long white crystals.
if i heat it it basically turns black

If it goes black when heated, you have some organic material present.  

11 hours ago, Erina said:

 

Ah, sorry about the Nobel Prize claim, that was an Anglo-pshere effort, not just the UK. I got mixed up with that, it was from something else.

Daily Mail? 

23 minutes ago, Erina said:

I really don't know if this is worth pursuing on these forums any longer.

What a shame.

You are right. You've tried to explain your idea - and nobody here thinks it is a good one, for reasons they have explained. So that's that, really.  

5 minutes ago, CharonY said:

In that case why not have a genetic algorithm create an AI-driven curriculum and finance system that incorporates sustainable efficiency optimization using big data ecosystems that drill down toward a holistic education with resilient feedback logistics that minimizes pain points and provides an optimized customer journey that synergizes with hyperlocal strategies, aligns with global retargeting and moves the needle towards fully realized returns on investments?

Love it! This is just the sort of stream of impenetrable management bullshit that made me so grateful for the chance to take early retirement. 😃

18 hours ago, Erina said:

 

The UK has as many Nobel Prizes as all of the EU countries combined (bar Germany). The Europeans love theory, but the Anglo-sphere does the practical, that is the system we need to maintain.

 

On a point of factual detail, this seems to be untrue.

According to this table:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_country

The US has 403, the UK 137, Germany 114, France 72 and the rest of the EU countries between them have 171, or, if one excludes the recent admission of former Warsaw Pact countries, 131.

The UK does well, it is true, but one needs to bear in mind the advantage of language. Language is important for information sharing and collaboration in science. When I was at Oxford in the 1970s, the old-school dons were still advising chemists and physicists to learn German, as so much of the good research had been written in German. But in fact English was already becoming pre-eminent and that has of course continued. France, a country comparable to the UK and Germany in population and intellectual tradition, has done well, all things considered.  So in Europe we have the big 3 industrial economies - the UK, Germany and France -  dominating, which is to be expected.   

In any event, Nobel prizes are not much use as a measure, if your aim is to contrast a supposed love of theory with supposed excellence at practice. Nobel prizes are awarded for theory just as much as for application, if not more so.  

1 hour ago, Genady said:

One needs to take in account a teacher/student relative weight.

Aha yes of course. 

16 minutes ago, Genady said:

4:1

Surely (1+√5)/2 : 1 ? 

35 minutes ago, CharonY said:

This comment actually demonstrates what I have been talking about. The role of education is fuzzy, with sometimes contradictory goals. Let's start with self-sufficient: what is required to be self-sufficient in a given role? Clearly, the required skill set is very different depending on the job. But especially for young folks, how and when do you know what career they will get into? Careers are unpredictable and often young folks need time well into adulthood to find their path and discover their interests where they want to hone their skills. How does it work if early on a parent decides that certain subjects should not be presented?

The second part is universal, but again this is something that many folks do not want. The reasons is that the ability to learn is not easily quizzable and those excelling at it tend to be in the minority. However, parents often think that better grades equal better careers. So it is better for students to only have subjects where they can be easily trained to perform in tests. I.e. there is a desire to remove more complex topics (where you are forced to learn). This is a trend we now start to see in universities, where students have an increasing input on how they want to be taught. Having students/parent pre-determine what they want to learn is similarly bad as having patients determine their treatment. Most do not know what they need or what style of teaching works with them. As such diverse exposure is critical for young minds to find their path. The narrower educations gets, the more likely folks it is that folks will miss their mark. Specialization can only come after folks have a good idea of the the range that is out there. 

Moreover, learning to learn is the opposite of focused skill learning and it requires the broad exposure as you need to learn to integrate various forms and systems of knowledge, rather than excel in the application of a specialized form. Again, there are contradictory desires and with a presented pathway that is likely to fulfil neither.

 

Agree strongly with this, especially your last point.

I must say I have always objected to the narrow view that education is merely equipping students for a job, which seems to be what runs through @Erina's approach to the topic. People change careers, sometimes radically, fora variety of reasons. They need a rounded education to do that, not just what is necessary for one particular career path.

Even more fundamentally, education should equip them to get more out of life in the round, not just to do a job of work. Time spent teaching them how to read literature, how to appreciate the arts, how to understand history, are all helpful to an intelligent enjoyment of life. These things can give you some independence of your circumstances - even an unemployed person can read a book -  a way to enjoy your leisure time more productively, and a better sense of balance in your life. The most enduring things I got from my schooldays, apart from an interest in physical science,  were choral singing and rowing, which have been features of my life ever since.  And as I get older I find the history I learnt is becoming useful, not least as that is what my son has chosen to study at university. So we can still have a conversation about his studies, even though I went the STEM route.

So yes, let's teach our children broadly, so they can pick routes from a variety, have the flexibility to change horses if they need to, and are equipped to stay sane and happy.          

24 minutes ago, Phi for All said:

You can't fiddle with one side of the equation only. If private schools can identify and cut waste, so can public ones. And they'll always be cheaper in the long run because they don't have to charge extra for profit.

Most private schools in the UK are non-profit entities. They charge a lot because they are in an arms race with their rivals for better facilities and better exam results.