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Capiert

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Posts posted by Capiert

  1. The (Earth's) free_fall gravitational_acceleration
     at the Earth's surface (radius  r1=6378135*[m], equatorial sea_level),
     is (ruffly (approximated (by me) to), simply)
     g1=~π^2*[m/(s^2)]-ac1
     where
     π^2~9.8
     is multiplied by the (proportionality constant of) units [m/(s^2)]
     (& then)
     minus
     its (=the_Earth's) centrifugal_acceleration -ac1=(vc1^2)/r1,
     with circumferential_speed vc1=cir/T=2*π*r1/T
     for a sidereal_day period T=23*[hr]+56*[min]+4*[s],
     T=23*[hr]*60*[min/hr]*60*[s/min]+56*[min]*60*[s/min]+4*[s],
     
    T=82800*[s]+3360*[s]+4*[s]
     T=86164*[s]
     & barely produces (a meager loss (from π^2~9.8), of e.g.)
     -0.34% at the equator.

    Hovering at higher altitudes
     have more centrifugal_acceleration.

    For any (other) height h=r2-r1
     above r(sea_level, equatorial)
     the (larger) radius r2=r1+h
     is useful.

     g2=(π^2)*[m/(s^2)]-ac2, ac2=4*(π^2)*r2/(T^2)
     g2=(π^2) [m/(s^2)]-(4*(π^2))*r2/(T^2)), bring out π^2
     & move the units into the brackets to (only) factor "1"
     g2=(π^2)*(1 [m/(s^2)]-(4*r2/(T^2))) is too complicated
     but assumes 4*r2/(T^2)=1
     for a hovering, e.g. geo_stationary_orbit GSO (weightlessness),
     or
     g2=(π^2)*(1 [m/(s^2)]-r2*((2/T)^2)), let r2=r1+h & g2=gh

     g2=(π^2)*(1*[m/(s^2)]-(r1+h)*((2/T)^2))   <---!

    That (g2=g_h) is the free_fall acceleration
     wrt height h
     when using
     the sidereal_day period
     T=86164*[s]
     (which is a constant for any height h)
     &
     e.g. the Earth's polar radius
     r1=6,378,137*[m].

    Examples:

    Equatorially:

    If the height h=0
     at the Earth's equatorial radius (surface)
     r1=6399592*[m]
     then (the term)
     -(6399592*[m]+h)/(1856058724*[s^2])=-0.00344(646144442)
     which is ~-0.34(46)% (equatorial) loss
     from π^2*[m/(s^2)].

    Try again, for GSO radius r2.
     g2=(π^2)*[m/(s^2)]-(4*(π^2)*r2/(T^2)), +(4*(π^2)*r2/(T^2))
     g2+(4*(π^2)*r2/(T^2))=(π^2)*[m/(s^2)], let g2=0 for a GSOrbit
     4*(π^2)*r2/(T^2))=(π^2)*[m/(s^2)], *(T^2)/(4*(π^2))
     r2=(T^2/4)*[m/(s^2)], T=86164*[s],
     r2=((86164*[s])^2)/4)*[m/(s^2)], [s^2]/[s^2]=1/1=1
     r2=(7,424,234,896)*[m])/4,
     r2=1,856,058,724*[m]
     is the Earth's GSO radius.

  2. If I were
     to convert Electricity
     into average_momentum
     e.g. & average_forces,
     then this is how I would (mathematically) proportion (it, algebraically).

    To deflect its needle,
     a D’Arsenval meter’s
     average (e.g. steady state)
     electromagnetic_force

     Fai=I*(R^0.5)*Ki, I=V/R & 1/R=1/(R^0.5)*(R^0.5)

     is proportional
     to
    the current I
     & rooted_resistance R^0.5

     & the proportionality constant
     Ki=Fai/(Pe^0.5)=1*[N/(A*(Ω^0.5)]
     which is 1*[Newton/(Ampere*rooted_ohm)]
     (&) that (can be determined
     by) the average electromagnetic_force Fai
     divided by the rooted electrical_power
     Pe^0.5=Piv^0.5=(I*V)^0.5

    That current’s electromagnetic force
     Fai=Fav

     is the same
     as the voltage's V=I*R (conversion
     from current I
     using the proportionality_constant R=Resistance,
     has the same)
     average electromagnetic_force

     Fav=V*Ki/(R^0.5), Kv=1/Ki=1*[V*(Ω^0.5)/N]

     Fav=V/((R^0.5)*Kv).

    Either (voltage or current)
     average
     electromagnetic_forces (Fai=Fav, are equal)

     Fai=(Pe^0.5)*Ki

     Fav=(Pe^0.5)*Ki

     & is proportional
     to
    the rooted electrical_power Pe^0.5=(I*V)^0.5

     & (multiplied
     by) the proportionality constant
     Ki=Fai/(Pe^0.5)=1*[N/(A*(Ω^0.5)].

     

    Electricity’s
     average
     (random=)heating force
     Fah=(Pe^0.5)*Ki

     is also proportional
     to
    the rooted electrical_power Pe^0.5=(I*V)^0.5

     & the proportionality constant
     Ki=Fai/(Pe^0.5)=1*[N/(A*(Ω^0.5)],
     as (a random (scattering of the (repeated))) recoil, (Newton’s 3rd law opposite & equal) force (equivalent).

    Together
     both the electromagnetic_force Fai

     & the random heating_force Fah
     amounts
     are equivalent to an (arbitrary) average_force Fa=Fai=Fah

     & (are “multiplied” together
     to) make up the total electrical_power

     Pe=Fai*Fah/(Ki^2), where the inverse squared proportionality_constant is

    (Ki^2)=1*[(N^2/((A^2)*Ω)].

    So,
     the electrical_power
     Pe=(Fa/Ki)^2
     is a squared average Force Fa^2
     per squared proportionality_constant Ki^2.

    What does all that mean?

    That means
     the average_force
     Fa=moma/t
     is equivalent
     to an mechanical average_force.

    ---

    (Please note:
     James Watt’s mechanical Power P=Pm definition
     Pa=Fa*va
     is an (algebraic) “average”_Power Pa
     using an “average” (steady_state) Force Fa=m*va/t
     of mass m
     multiplied by average linear_acceleration aa=va/t (my aa2 2nd order of motion);
     & an average_speed va=d/t
     of distance d
     per time t. 

    My “electrical” average_Power formula Pe=Fai*Fah/(Ki^2)
     Pe#Pm

     looks very different
     from James Watt’s “mechanical” average_Power Pm=Pa=Fa*va.

    James’ (average) mechanical_Power
     is an (average_)Force Fa
     multiplied by a(n average)_speed Va;
     while my (average) electrical_Power
     is basically a “squared(average_)Force Fa
     but divided by a squared constant.

    E.g. A(n average_)speed
     is (definitely) NOT a(n average_)force!

    Disclaimer:

    1.
    But that is the ONLY way
     I know how to do it (=the conversion formulas), yet.

    2. ..(because)..
    That is what the math
     & its (observed) proportions tells me.
    )

    ---

    & that (average_Force Fa)
     is the rate
     of the average_momentum
     moma=m*va
     per time t;

     where the average_speed va=d/t
     is the distance d
     per time t,
     for a mass m. 

    & that (average_Force)
     Fa=Fai
     is equal
     to the current’s
     average electromagnetic_force Fai.

    & if you know the average force
     Fa=Fah
     then you also (already) know the average (random=)heating_force Fah
     & the average electromagnetic_force Fai=Fav
     for either the current (thru a Resistor, Resistance)
     Fa=Fai
     or for voltage (thru a Resistor, Resistance)
     Fa=Fav
     or both (I*V) when rooted.

    Note:

    The units
     for the proportionality constant
     Ki=ki*[N*s/C]
     work out to be
     a(n average_)momentum [N*s]
     per Coulomb [C]
    ,
     e.g.
     [N*s/C]=[kg*m/(s*C)]=[(kg/C)*(m/s)]
     where a mass to charge ratio [kg/C]
     is obvious(ly),
     multiplied with an average_speed [m/s].


    E.g.1
    Let be given
     the voltage V=1*[V]
     the current I=1*[A]
     the Resistance R=1*[Ω]

     the rooted_Resistance R^0.5=1*[Ω^0.5]
     the electrical_power Pe=I*V=1*[A]*1*[V]=1*[A*V]=1 [electrical_Watt]
     the rooted electrical_power Pe^0.5=Piv^0.5=(I*V)^0.5=(1*[A]*1*[V])^0.5=1*[A*V]^0.5 .

    The average electromagnetic_force is
     Fai=I*(R^0.5)*Ki=1*[A]*((1*[Ω])^0.5)*1*[N/(A*(Ω^0.5)]=1*[N].

    The average heating_force is (also)
     Fah=I*(R^0.5)*Ki=1*[A]*((1*[Ω])^0.5)*1*[N/(A*(Ω^0.5)]=1*[N].

    That (easy example) doesN’T tell much,
     so let’s try something else.


    E.g.2
    Let be given
     the voltage V=100*[V]
     the current I=5*[A]
     the Resistance R=V/I=100*[V]/(5*[A])=20*[Ω]

     the rooted_Resistance R^0.5=(V/I)^0.5=(100*[V]/(5*[A]))^0,5=(20*[Ω])^0.5=~4.7*[Ω^0.5]
     the electrical_power Pe=I*V=5*[A]*100*[V]=500*[A*V]=500 [electrical_Watt]
     the rooted electrical_power Pe^0.5=Piv^05=(I*V)^0.5=(5*[A]*100*[V])^0.5=(500*[A*V])^0.5=22.4*([A*V]^0.5).

    The average electromagnetic_force is
     Fai=I*(R^0.5)*Ki=5*[A]*((4.7*[Ω])^0.5)*1*[N/(A*(Ω^0.5)]=22.4*[N].

    The average heating_force is (also)
     Fah=I*(R^0.5)*Ki=5*[A]*((4.7*[Ω])^0.5)*1*[N/(A*(Ω^0.5)]=22.4*[N].

    Or else simply let

     Fa=Fai=Fah
     Fa=(Pe^0.5)*Ki, Pe^0.5=Piv^0.5=(I*V)^0.5

     Fa=((I*V)^0.5)*Ki.

    Such (average_momentum electrical heating) will deliver
     moma=Fah*t, let time t= 1*[second]
     moma=22.4*[N]*1*[s]

     moma=22.4*[N*s]
     in 1 second (of time).

     

    In other words,
     the 500*[W] electrical (power’s)
     average heating_force
     Fah=22.4*[N]

     will deliver 22.4*[N*s]
     of average_momentum (heat)
     per second.

    1000*[W] electrical
     will deliver 31.6*[N*s]

     per second;

     &
     10*[kW] electrical

     will deliver 100*[N*s]
     per second.

  3. Some people
     “boldly” say:

     1 degree
     
    is 60 minutes

     (& DON’T think much about it).

    But I find

     4 minutes
     is better

     & would have been more reasonable
     to make more sense,
     considering that shortcut used
     for ship navigation
     in the midevil ages.

    An Earth’s (solar) day
     is a complete revolution (cycle, (e.g.) angle
     wrt the sun),
     in 24 hours (time).

    (Note: Unfortunately (now)
     I find that definition
     of a day
     bound to both
     time
     & (cycle,
     e.g. 360°) angle.
    E.g. Instead of only time.)


    A cycle is 360° (angle).

     Wrt the sun

     the Earth’s
     angular_speed
     f=(angle/time)=1*[cycle]/(1*[solar_day]
     is the angle
     of 1*cycle=360°,
     per the time
     of 1*[solar_day]=24**60*[min/hr]*60*[sec/min]=86400*[sec].

    So, (the proportionalities, are)

     f=360°/(86400*[sec])=0.0041667*[°/s], & inverted

     T=1/f=86400*[sec]/(360°)=240*[sec/°]

     240*[sec]*1*[min]/60*[sec]=4*[min]. 

     T=4*[min/°].

    That means we (on Earth) need 4 minutes per degree (turned).
    The Earth turns 1 degree (arc angle) in 4 minutes (time).

    So the Earth will turn 0.25° in 1 minute.

    1 minute is 60 seconds
    1*[minutes]=60*[seconds].
    Time is time,
     & that conversion relation has NOT changed.

    The Earth turns 1/4 degree in 60 seconds
     f=0.25°/60*[sec]=0.0041667*[°/s]
     is still the same relation. 

    That (4 “minutes” time) seems to be the only discrepancy
     with arc_angles'
     “minutes”;
     which (NOT to mention)
     also causes a discrepancy with arc_angle “seconds”
     due to the factor 60 (“times”).

    Does it (=the wording) get any more bizzare?

    I mean,
     do things right the 1st time
     & then you WON’T have to correct them later.

    Summarize:

    The Earth’s
    1 day rotation (angle), has 360° (angle).
    24 hours has 86400*[seconds] (time).

    It is obvious to conclude
     that 1*[minute]=60*[seconds] time
     of (the) Earth(’s) rotation,
     will sweep ¼ degree (arc of) angle.

    Disclaimer:

    Why then should there be 60*[minutes] (angle)
     in a degree (angle)
     when minutes were already defined for time?

    Why confuse things?
    A mistake is a mistake, please admit it;
     instead of (trying to) ice a poor cake (flop, better).

    & then somebody came around
     & tried to turn everything upside down
     because they (whoever started the mess)
     could NOT do the math correctly (originally).

    Continuity is demanded (=needed, for (fast, streamline) conversions);
     NOT a (complicated) half_hearted(=assed) attempt.


    (Again,
     why then should there be 60*[minutes]
     in a degree (angle),
     (when) that (unit: minute) already exists (as a time definition)?
    E.g. When minutes were already defined for time (only);
     & then somebody came around
     & tried to turn everything upside down
     (to fix it)
     because they (before (them)) could NOT do the math correctly (originally).
    (It's built on a mess.)
    I ask where are we in a (=this) modern world?
    CAN’T we (at least) correct our ancestors mistakes?
    Or do we have to continue & push the sludge thru?
    But for what reason?
    Mistakes ONLY slow_down progress=advancement.
    Some things are NOT worth keeping.) 

    Thus it seems a bit ridiculous
     to claim 1° is 60*[minutes] (of arc),
     since (it does NOT make sense (with time), &)
     at least then (&/or) there
     the correlation

     to (the Earth’s) time has been lost
     by the (fake) redefinition of the “minute”
     as angle
     instead of time (anymore).

    I mean, had the Earth’s math (angle_speed) analogy
     been (correctly) extrapolated (finer);
     then less confusion had arisen
     for a (fake) distinction
     between minutes:
     in time; versus angle.

    Time had remained time
     (instead of the need
     to distinguish time names (e.g. minutes & seconds)
     from angles);
     & a (natural, wrt Earthly) conversion
     (from time)
     to angle
     had been obviously performed
     from the (Earth’s) angle versus time

     f=360°/86400*[sec]=1/(240*[sec/°]);

     or the inverse proportionality
     as time versus angle
     which is ((like) Period, but in other units)
     T=1/f=86400*[sec]/(360°)=240*[sec/°].

    I mean let’( u)s face it,
     it looks
     like an (obvious) error has happened
     by the over_simplified redefinition
     (of (arc_)angle into time “names”, e.g.
     such as minute=60_seconds);
     & its (errorful misnaming’s) cover_up
     (still) has NOT corrected
     that (time versus angle, math) mistake=ERROR!


    I mean,
     according
     to them (old midevil naming):
     1*[hour] (angle)
     is suppose
     to be 360°/24*[hour]=15*[°/hr]
     
    =15*[degrees].

    But who says that?
    Who calls an hour(_angle)?
    Everybody recognizes
     an hour
     as (ONLY) a unit of time.

    Who calls a day, 360°?

    Motivation:

    I just wanted to point out that NONSENSE
     (with a complaint);
     & (note) the cover_up
     behind it;
     & propose an improvement.
    E.g. Conservatives DON'T like changing anything
     without a reason.
    Take it
     or leave it.
    You can perpetuate the erroring
     (if you want,
     NOBODY is going to hinder brainless idiocy,
     are they?; :)
     or else clear it.
    It’s YOUR choice.
    We have a lot of (fishy) relics
     left over
     from the past.
    NOT all are useful.

    Cheers

  4. 21 hours ago, swansont said:
    On 11/23/2023 at 1:43 AM, Capiert said:

    I saw it in only 1 book
     by 1 (specific) author

    And from that you extrapolate this into being a widespread problem.

    If you will? Yes.
    It seems possible to me.

    (But) I DON'T need your wrath
     (if it goes against too much).

    21 hours ago, swansont said:

    Which you interpret as “per” (despite it not making sense)

    Please explain.
    I thought "per" (=divided by) is rather clear.

    21 hours ago, swansont said:

    but was not stated as you claimed.

    Please explain.

    21 hours ago, swansont said:

    Your real issues are with this one author

    I am rather greatful
     to that author.

    Years ago,
     I hadN'T a clue what he meant.

    With this thread
     & your team's help
     it (finally) dawned on me
     what he (might have) meant.

    His style technique, inspired me to recognize that (so).

    (That's a lot of years
     in between.)

    I can thank him for the inspiration
     (if I could).

    21 hours ago, swansont said:

    and your propensity to declare things to be a problem.

    It (Ambiguous (unit) syntax) was a problem for me
     no matter how you see it.
    I just put the clues together.
    & it is (now) solved for me.
    (I am content with the results.)
    Which is more than I can say
     before starting this thread.
    I now have a solution method
     to deal with that problem (for me).
    A work around.
    Thus the problem has vanished.
    You DON'T need it (the solution);
     but I do.

     

  5. 21 hours ago, studiot said:

    I think it is very important that you separate numbers , units, symbols and the objects which they refer to.

    Ok, but didn't I do that with my constructs?

    E.g.
    number (It(=the following variable k) is only a number)
    k=K/[unit],
    symbol (represents a composite=mixture.)
    K=k*[unit],
    unit (is stripped of all numbers.)
    [unit]=K/k.

    Those equations made a connection
     to each other.

    You however
     want me to separate them
     from each other.
    But I think
     that is already done,
     because of the equals sign =
     & which side
     of the equation
     they are on.

    The (3) variables
     k, K & [unit]
     are all each alone
     (meaning "separate(d)").

    That I avoid (really using) numbers
     by using variables (instead),
     has (at least) separated numbers (e.g. 1,2,3..)
     as NON_existent out from my syntax.

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    That is you think separately about them, each in their own right.

    Ok.
    Only a  number e.g. 1.
    Only a unit, e.g. [kilogram] (it has NO number).
    Only a symbol, e.g. M.

    (Warning: But I now know the Mass's symbol is M=1*[kilogram]
     (because I have seen the necessity)
     & so that (awareness of mine) might interfere with your (intended) lesson (for me).
    E.g. I can NOT overcome my intelligence;
     NOR the lack of it.)

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    Let us take an example of this:

    Making bread.

    Bread has ingredients.

    The ingredients are flour, yeast and water.

    There are 3 ingredients.

    Here the objects referred to are ingredients.

    The number 3 is called a quantifier or a coefficient.

    Is there any difference
     between those 2 words?

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    There are no units involved or if you prefer the unit i 'number or count of'

    Any reason why i?
    No units is fine;
     but you lost me with i.

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    But there are several types of number

    Types?
    Strictly math "numbers" 1,2,3?
     each has its own name: one, two, three, ..
    E.g. Ordinal (name & sequence), cardinal (value), irrational, ..

    Or
    do you mean (physic's) constructs,
     made of a number with unit? No?

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    and 3, each with their own special features.

    Good.
    Then they are constructs?
    (e.g. small formulas.?).

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    So we could have said:

    There are 3 ingredients

    1st ingredient, 2nd ingredient, 3rd ingredient.

    Or we could have said even more

    First ingredient flour
    Second ingredient yeast
    Third ingredient water.

    Which tells us even more.

    First second and third are numbers, just a different kind of number.
    ~They are called ordinal numbers, as they show order.

    =Sequence (order).

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    We could also write a 1 on the jug of water, a 2 on the tub of yeast and a 3 on the bag of flour.

    Then the instructions might read

    Mix the contents of 2 with the contents of 3, then add the contents of 1.

    E.g. Similar to a computing (pointer, pointing) language.

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    We are now using the numbers 1, 2 and 3 as symbols (you mentioned symbols)

    E.g. Names;
     NOT (number_)values!

    Yes.
    But there, ..
     they have no number value.
    Instead they designate (dictate)
     the sequence (order).
    Priority (order).

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    We can make the description even more useful if we add units so

    Mix 2 of yeast with 400 of flour and then add 250 of water is not very helpful.

    Quantities without knowing what (kind)
     from "several" possibilities.

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    But

    Mix 2 teaspoons of yeast with 400 grammes of flour and then add 250 milliliters of water is very helpful.

    Yes.

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    Much more helpful than

    Mix 2 teaspoons of 2 with 400 grammes of 3 and then add 250 milliliters of 1.

    Yes, that is a bit (more) awkward for us (normal=typical) humans.

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    Although both are strictly correct and Mathematicians and computer engineers like the last as it is shorter.

    Why? Only 1 symbol, or minimal (& sequence advantages)?

    21 hours ago, studiot said:

    I have another example to explore but let us see what you make of this one first.

    OK.
    But, I doubt that I have fullfilled what you asked concerning separation.
    & I took the liberty to eliminate the typos,
     if you don't mind
     (because they disturb=distract my thinking=concentration).

  6. Proposal:

    Now to summarize;
     & also be able
     to use either
     small (or large case, Capital) letters
     for proportionality_constants
     (&/or their variables, e.g. &/or their constructs),
     we might need
     an alphabetical subscripted syntax (=symbology, symbols).

    E.g.
    Please let
     the Hooke’s_spring’s
     proportionality_constant
     k
    =nk*[uk]
     where n is its number value

     & is its [unit],
     both multiplied together.

    Their subscript k
     denotes
     that they belong
     to the proportionality(_constant) (construct).

    Hooke’s_Law‘s
     proportionality_constant(’s
     symbology: as variables
     including both numbers & units)
     could then look like
     k=nk*[uk]=nF*[N]/(-nx*[m]).

    & where units:

    [N]=[Newton]
    [m]=[meter].

    Disclaimer:

    What a (complicated) mess;
     (that’s why I (would) prefer Capital_letter constructs (=formulas)
     & small letter number_value variables
     (to get around that (ambiguous_syntax) problem);

     but it should work right.

    Again,

     only the numbers(‘ variables) are
     k=K/[unit]
     f=F/[N]
     -x=-X/[m].


    Thus,
     only the number_variable
     (for the spring’s proportionality_constant), is

     k=(F/[N])/(1/(-X/[m]), rearrange

     k=(F/(-X))*[m/N],    <---That (whole) is (ONLY) a number(‘s value)!;
     although [units] are (also) present.
     k=(F/(-X))*[m/N], *[N/m]
     k*[N/m]=(F/(-X)),   <---Those are hybrids=mixtures: of number(_variable)s; & [units].

    & (that proportionality_constant now has the correct [units]=[N/m]),

     k*[N/m]=K, swap sides
     as mixture_hybrid

     K=k*[N/m].

    As Swansont said
     NO numbers are needed
     to obtain the units.

     

    57 minutes ago, swansont said:
    57 minutes ago, swansont said:
      16 minutes ago, Capiert said:

    I have seen
     Physic’s tables
     where the units
     are stated as “per”.

    Give an example 

    E.g.

    Temperature
    T
    /K

    20
    30
    40

     

     

    I saw it in only 1 book
     by 1 (specific) author
     (he did all his tables that way)
     & (I) thought it was very peculiar
     (& (I) tried to figure it out
     but could NOT
     back then)
     because NOBODY else did that;
     but from the style
     (it looked like)
     he was trying to do something very fundamental.

    He wrote his units
     with a slash before them (units)
     under the symbol.

    Thus,

    Name
    Symbol
    /Unit

    number 1
    number 2
    number 3.


    So I interpreted that (2_Liner)

    Symbol
    /Unit


    to (elegantly) mean
    =Symbol/Unit
     (if it were written
     on ONLY 1 line).

     

  7. ---

    1st
    Please let me
     try a different perspective.

    I have seen
     Physic’s tables
     where the units
     are stated as “per”.

    Meaning the concept
     e.g. mass m
     would be
     ONLY a NUMBER;
     (thus)
     making it

     (e.g. the mass m as “ONLY number”;
     instead of a "number*unit" hybrid mix(ture))

     convenient
     for multiplying
     & dividing
     ONLY as NUMBERs
     in e.g. an Excel table (sheet).


    NOW,
     to reverse (=swap)
     syntax
     for my convenience (only),
     please let (me make)
     the(=my, large symbol)
     Mass (concept)
     M=m*[unit(s)]
     (as construct)
     be made
     of (ONLY) a pure number
     (small character) m,
     & multiplied
     by its units
     in (square brackets)
     [kg]=[kilogram].

    Then the “number” (of) mass
     m=M/[units]
     is the whole Mass_concept M
     but divided
     by its units [kg].

    That is VERY IMPORTANT,
     because
     it has separated
     the (composite=hybrid=composite)
     Mass_concept
     into its basic (2) parts
     (of (ONLY the))
     number m
     versus units [kg].


    In that form(at)
     (of (physic’s_)concept per (its) unit),
     we can strip
     ANY (physics)
     concept
     down
     into ONLY its NUMBER value;
     which is independent
     of ANY (awkward)
     (NON_Unifying=NON_mathematical;
     alphabetic, (instead of numerical),
     word (e.g. unit);
     thus dealing
     ONLY with MATH!
     (e.g. with NO other hassels!).

    Motivation:

    Why do I say all that blah blah blah?
    Because it (=the number_variable, without units)
     is genial
     to be so unique.
    I.e. It has (a lot
     of) math advantages.
    E.g. We are NOT restricted
     to dealing
     with ONLY complicated (hybrid, mixture) relations.
    Instead we have LESS
     to do,
     which CAN
     increase efficiency
     thus make things go faster
     & be (or at least seem)
     simpler
     & LESS complicated.

    So, where are we NOW?

    NOWHERE my friend.

    But we can use
     what already exists.

    & the results
     are astounding!

    For instead
     of the units being multiplied
     by the number values;
     they are instead
     “divided” by the number( value)s!

    & Thus as Sears
     & Alonso said=stated
     “NOT” multiplied!

    But NOBODY
     could tell me why;
     because
     (if=when viewed only from that ("per unit") perspective)
     everybody (else)
     has been doing
     the math WRONG! (=Same method.)
    (Otherwise NOT?)

    Th(os)e (Physic’s) answers
     are also suppose
     to be a NUMBER
     but “per” UNIT!;
     instead of just beside the NUMBER (value).

    Strange that Sears & Alonso
     could NOT have said more
     about those (per) units
     to speed up
     the (discovery) recogition
     process.

    Disclaimer:

    I personally
     did NOT expect
     that I would ever
     have gotten
     a solution (=reasonable, logical (explanation=) answer)
     to that problem;

     & I had (then, thus) thought
     I must brainwash
     myself;
     & ONLY memorize
     the method (technique),
     (always) with the fear (=concern)
     of forgetting
     how to do it=((the math) things)
     correctly,
     (if I had forgot)
     (eventually)
     mixing things up (again).

    That puzzle (=paradox)
     is NOW solved.

    (So let's give it a whirl.)

     

    Please let
     Hooke’s (compressed_spring force)
     law
     F=k*(-x)
     be rewritten
     in Capital letters

     F=K*(-X).

    & Retry:
     (using (Capital letter) constructs
     for: ((small letter) “number”_)variables;
     & “units”).

    Please let
     the Hooke’s Law’s
     proportionality_constant

     K=F/(-X)

     be for the (math) constructs (=formulas,
     (that) I created in Capital letters).

    E.g.
    Please let
     the proportionality_constant
     K=k*[units]
     the (spring’s) force

     F=f*[N]
     & the displacement distance

     -X=-x*[m]

     which are also ONLY the number(_value_variable)s
     k=K/[unit]
     f=F/[N]
     -x=-X/[m]
     because the (Capital_letter) constructs
     (made
     of “number” multiplied by “unit”)
     are (then) divided by their unit
     (thus leaving ONLY their number(_value)). 

    So again,
     the Hooke’s law’s
     proportionality_constant, (when) including units, is 

     k*[unit]=f*[N]/(-x*[m]).

    We can ignore the (small_letter) number_variables
     thus leaving
     the (derived) unit

     k*[unit]=f*[N]/(-x*[m]).

    This_time (=That_instance, or example, had)
     NO ERROR occurred
     when deriving
     the (proportionality_)constant’s [units];
     because it is algebraically sound=fit
     with (NON_ambiguous) consistent_syntax.

    I.e.
    NO ambiguous,
     double_meaning symbols.

    The (3) math constructs
     eliminated
     the inconsistent syntax.

     

  8. On 11/2/2023 at 8:39 PM, studiot said:

    Please don't take this as a personal criticism but you are definitely overthinking this by a very long way.

    Thank you for the help.

    On 11/2/2023 at 8:39 PM, studiot said:

    Small wonder you are having trouble.

    Good that you noticed.
    But my wrong answer was a typo.

    On 11/2/2023 at 8:39 PM, studiot said:

    As I said, strictly proportionality is not about equations, although of course proportionality can lead to an equation.

    Then (it=proportionality is about), estimating?

    On 11/2/2023 at 8:39 PM, studiot said:

    The way to calculate the answer to my question by proportion is as follows.

     

    225 millilitres of drink contains 10 grammes of sugar

    So

    1 millilitre of drink will contain 1/225 as much sugar.

    That math has always turned my head (crazy).

    On 11/2/2023 at 8:39 PM, studiot said:

    That is 10/225 grammes.

    Agreeable.

    On 11/2/2023 at 8:39 PM, studiot said:

    So

    175 millilitres of drink will contain 175 times as much sugar or (10/225) * 175 grammes or about 7.8 grammes.

    Also fitting.

    On 11/2/2023 at 8:39 PM, studiot said:

    Check: 175 ml is about three quarters of 225ml so I would expect it to contain about three quarters as much sugar or about 7.5 grammes.

    It all seems to make sense.

    On 11/2/2023 at 8:39 PM, studiot said:

    Read this a few times I have laid it out in great detail.

    Studiot, I am sorry (disappointed) I typed the wrong answer for you.
     I had tried,
     but I made a (stupid) decimal ERROR.
    I had it right in Excel
     but I copied it wrong.
    (Too many problems with my eyes.)

    On 11/2/2023 at 7:35 PM, Capiert said:

    Then I have a Density
    D=m/vol=10 [g]/0.225 [L]=1 [g]/0.0225 [L] (wrt a simple mass of 1 [g]); or else)
    D=44.444.. [g/L].

    If my Density is
     D=m/vol, swap sides
     m/vol=D, *vol
     m=D*vol.

    My new mass (would be)

     m=D*vol=44.444.. [g/L]*0.175 [L]=7.777.. [g]

    [NOT 0.777].

    Considering, that mistake had NOT happened,
     why (then) should I do otherwise
     (& estimate)
     when it is so simple (& exact)?

    I mean,
     I assume,
     I still would have (probably) made
     the same (or similar) mistake.
    (Blurry vision, +.. . Reading glasses
     are NOT going to help that.
    Nor had the optometrist's cortisone brought permanent success.)

    On 11/2/2023 at 10:07 PM, swansont said:

    Who is “we”?

    We is we naive (NON_physicists)
     who have NOT a clue
     (what is happening).
    Abracadabra.

    Sometimes it is
     & then sometimes it is NOT.

    On 11/2/2023 at 10:07 PM, swansont said:

    Density is m/V

    if

    There you go.

    "Now" you begin constructing.

    On 11/2/2023 at 10:07 PM, swansont said:

    mass has units of kg, and volume is expressed in m^3, the units are kg/m^3.

    Although they are NOT visible
     before (hand).

    On 11/2/2023 at 10:07 PM, swansont said:

    Or you could use grams/cm^3

    That is all fine Swantsont.

    But a fundamental step is missing
     (which you obviously miss(ed)).

    On 11/2/2023 at 10:07 PM, swansont said:

    No numbers. They aren’t necessary.

    This is a “you” problem.

    Quite right.
    I told you in advance.

    On 11/2/2023 at 10:07 PM, swansont said:

    Stop blaming physicists.

    As my problem,
     I consider then
     that I should solve it,
     with constructs.

  9. 1 hour ago, studiot said:

    Proportion, proportions and proportionality do not necessarily refer to equations in Maths or Science.

    Consider the following question.

    If there are 10 grammes of sugar in a 225 millilitre cup of drink

    Then I have a Density
    D=m/vol=10 [g]/0.225 [L]=1 [g]/0.0225 [L] (wrt a simple mass of 1 [g]); or else)
    D=44.444.. [g/L].

    That is where the Density's units (suddenly) pop up.
    Only by using a specific (numbers) example
     can we (suddenly) see the units.
    It (=That pop_up, inclusion)
     goes (=happens)
     effortlessly.
    (It's (easy (&)) automatic.)

    But I typically do NOT use numbers
     algebraically,
     because irrational_numbers are very messy.
    I usually deal with (general) variables
     (for (very loosely speaking:) "any" number),
     & (=but)
     typically only use (exact) values (rarely)
     when I need
     some form of extra orientation.

    The disturbing part
     for me
     here in Physics
     is the inconsistent syntax (& or method?);
     which causes me to runamuck.

    I would prefer
     all symbols
     had (also) their units
     (multiplied)
     with them
     to be (obvious &) consistent;
     but you (Physicists) DON'T deliver that (consistency)
     because it looks messy.
    ((&) It's (also) NO fun!)

    & then peculiar problems (occasionally) start to happen
     that I can NOT (always) explain
     or else have difficulty explaining
     (because they are so rare, & foreign).

    1 hour ago, studiot said:

    How many grammes of sugar are there in a 175 ml cup of the same drink ?

    If my Density is
     D=m/vol, swap sides
     m/vol=D, *vol
     m=D*vol.

    My new mass (would be)
     m=D*vol=44.444.. [g/L]*0.175 [L]=0.777.. [g]

    1 hour ago, studiot said:

    Please indicate by what method you would solve this question to try to find your difficulty.

    How can you find (=derive) the (proportionality_constant's) units
     without number( value)s?

    Answer: NOT known.
    My problem is here at D=m/vol;
     there is NO Problem after the 2nd "="
     at
     "10 [g]/0.225 [L]".

    There is something missing for me
     before the 2nd "=".

    Maybe I also need
     a (fake, (temporary) dummy, placeholder)
     unit's_variable symbol too?
     (for (premature) consistency)
     e.g.
     Density, is
     D*[units]=m*[g]/(vol*[L].
    ?

    But it clashes
     in my head brutally.

    Thus Failure.

     

  10. On 11/1/2023 at 5:01 PM, swansont said:

    Inversion?

    Let’s say you have the equation 2x = 5

    You can divide both sides by 2, and get x = 5/2

    If you have F=-kx, you can divide both sides by x and get k = -F/x, or you can divide by k and get x = -F/k

    These are math rules that you seem to be having trouble with. 

    Thanks for your attempt
     to try & understand
     "my" problem.
    (It helps me try to look at it closer.)

    But I think you missed it.

    My problem
     is the clash
     between inconsistent syntax.

    I.e. 2 different syntaxes=formats.
    (They (DON'T) mix like oil & water.)
    (It's a MASTER & SLAVE relation.)

    (BEFORE derivation:)
    Both F & x have units;
     BUT k does NOT.

    Thus k's units
     "must" be "derived"
     from them.

    That is a 2 step process
     instead of ONLY 1 step.
    (I recover=repair it.)

    k's units do NOT exist then
     (before that)
     until they are derived.

    (& it is a tricky 1_way street,
     until done!)

    Attempting to (algebraically) manipulate
     F's & x's "units"
     before that (derivation, for k's_units (obviously?))
     will fail.

    That's the catch,
     the whole problem.

    Maybe my thread's title
     should have been named
     "(Proportionality_Constant's) Units ((perplexing), derivation)?"
     instead.

    Or something like that?


     

     


     

     

  11. 19 hours ago, Bufofrog said:

    Do you have some sort of parentheses fetish? 

    Absolute(ly).

    18 hours ago, swansont said:

    F=-kx

    This is an equality

    What is on the left side is equal to what is on the right side. This applies (separately) to the magnitude, the direction, and the units

    If force is in Newtons (N) and x is in meters (m), the units for k will be N/m, because N/m * m gives you N.
    m, being in both the numerator and denominator, cancels, similar to what would happen if you were simplifying a fraction (e.g. 3/3 =1)

    This is not considered to be mysterious.

    The cancelation
     (of units)
     is NOT my problem.

    My (automatic) inversion
     of the units
     is my (internal) problem.

  12. My (major) problem (obstacle)
     is intuitively (a) psychological (block(age))
     when using the 2 (thus) inconsistent ((conflicting(?) syntax) methods
     (at the same time?)
     while dealing
     with the units (derivation).

    Please let me explain
     what I observe (mathematically).

    I estimate
     I automatically
     get the algebra (answer) wrong
     with (a fake) ~40%.

    That is
     I (repeatedly)
     make the same mistake;
     but recognize it
     (just in time),
     to correct it
     (so that
     (in the end)
    it does NOT seem
     like I am making a mistake (at all);
     although I really do ERROR!).

    I find that very peculiar,
     why I can NOT directly
     proceed to the correct answer;
     but instead
     I must always make the ERROR 1st;
     & then go thru the routine
     of correcting it 2nd.

    That is a waste of time;
     & a risky proceedure
     (e.g. if severely distracted).

    But, what is happening
     in my mind
     does NOT make SENSE
     unless there is a reason for all that (NONSENSE, detour).

    I must conclude
     that the k=F/(-x) construct
     is EITHER a ruff forced_fit
     which does NOT (naturally) belong (together);
     or else there must be another explanation
     (which I (might) have missed)?

    What I see is,
     units are typically
     NOT included
     for the symbols
     F & -x
     (but) until the number( value)s
     are stated (=declared).

    However, k does NOT have any (units,
     at all before that);
     thus those units are NOT known;
     but still (NO_units means they) must be found
     ..from somewhere!

    Strictly speaking,
     for me,
     I have 2 alternatives:
     e.g. either to borrow them (units)
     from F & -x
     by cross_multiplying
     them to k;
     but then they are (wrongly) inverted;
     & so I correct that inversion;
     & notice that
     I have only copied those units
     from F/(-x)
     in(to) the same positions.

    I DON'T (think I) have to say
     how little mathematical SENSE
     that makes
     (to me),
     with a 1_sided abracadabra copy
     (of units),
     from F/(-x)
     to the (empty=NO_units) k side.

    It is simply a (functional) fix=repair
     just to make things work
     without explaining
     why (things fail,
     or why they should work,
     but do NOT,
     without that trick (of the trade).)

    Disclaimer:

    EVERYBODY KNOWS
     how to make
     the units (derivation,
     work correctly;
     by repairing=correcting it);
     BUT NOBODY tells (me) why
     (that trick is NEEDED (at all);
     other than that it is NEEDED).

    My mind deals with that problem
     like a paradox (conflict);
     & WANTS to shut (it) off
     like a clap TRAP.

    It is like asking
     (for) a yes or NO answer
     but the priority (dominates, &)
     immediately locks up
     (=latches)
     into the NO priority,
     as stolen!

    It's VERY sticky
     gumming up my thinking process(es).

    ONLY a "corrected"
     wrong_answer
     will function correctly.


     

  13. I was always stunned
     by the complexity.

    Proportionality constants exist (almost) everywhere
     (in Physics),
     &
     their complexity has always stunned me;
     but (peculiarly)

     I have NOT seen (a textbook) anywhere
     on how to make (=derive) them
     (as though (derivation (of their units) is) avoided);
     so I thought
     I would give it a whirl (=try)
     (on my own,
     as DIM
    =Do it myself).

    (It’s only common sense.
    Dealt with intuitively, due to the(=my) confusion.)

    Recap:

    1 of the most basic (& yet easy (but tricky)) concepts
     (rarely found
     in text books)
     is deriving (=how to derive (them))
     proportionality_constant’s “units”.

    ---
    Disclaimer1:

    (I suspect)
    E.g.
    Maybe
     (perhaps (because))
     from the (misleeding?=confusing, conflicting)
     contraproductive (brainwashing) statement(s)
     (e.g. from Sears; & Alonso):
     that units are NOT
     (suppose to be)
     multiplied
     by the symbol’s number (value(s)),
     (but) when they (perhaps) really are (multiplied),
     instead;
     but few (people=physicists (have)) admit(ted) it.

    (Even)
     although NOT perfectly
     ((multiplied) sometimes)
     due
     to singular versus plural (units, syntax).

    Maybe some people
     get the basic idea right=correct.

    Math
     is suppose
     to be an exact science (sometimes).

    Units are (typically) NOT included
     into formulas
     until the number values are (present(ed)).

    ((Rule 1:
     (Simply)

     include the units;
    Rule2:
     & then copy them (units)
     to the constant.

    Rule3:
    But how?))

    Note:
    I’( ha)ve used square_brackets for units, here.

    ---

    E.g.
    Hooke’s law
     (for)
     a spring.

    The proportionality
     k=F/(-x)
     (looks like a quotient=ratio,
     to me, &)
     is the Force F
     as main actor (influencer, cause);
     wrt the negative displacement distance -x
     as secondary actor=slave (result, effect)
     e.g. which is in the opposite (=negative) direction.

    (Simply)
     include
     the(ir) (multiply_)units;

      k*[N/m]=F*[N]/(-x*[m])

     then “copy” (them, units)
     to the constant,

     for equality.

    Keeping in mind
     that a [Newton] is
     [N]=[kg*m/(s^2)]

     &
     Force is
     F*[?]=m*[kg]*a*[m/(s^2)]
     the unknown units for Force are (simply)
     [?]=[kg]*[m/(s^2)]=[N].

    Applying the same method
     for Hooke's proportionality constant
     k*[N/m]=F*[kg*m/(s^2)]/(-x*[m]), cancel [m/m]=[1/1]=1
     k*[kg/(s^2)]=F*[kg/(s^2)]/(-x), swap sides.

    The k constant’s (unique) units are
     [kg/(s^2)] kilogram per second(s)_squared,
     or

     [N/m] Newton(s) per meter.

    Again, take the ratio (=quotient) including (multiplied) units
     k [N/m]=F*[kg*m/(s^2)]/(-x*[m]), swap sides

     F*[kg*m/(s^2)]/(-x*[m])=k*[N/m], *(-x*[m])
     F*[kg*m/(s^2)]=(-x*[m])*k*[N/m], rearrange
     F*[kg*m/(s^2)]=-k*[N/m]*(x*[m]), /[kg*m/(s^2)=N] remove(=divide_by) units
     F=-k*x, gives us the standard recognized formula (Hooke’s Spring Force).

    E.g.
    A (weight_)scale
     could displace its spring
     -1 [cm]=-0.01 [m] (down),
     per [kg].

    That force (weight)
     Wt=m*g=1*[kg]*9.8*[m/(s^2)]=9.8*[kg*m/(s^2)]
     would be 9.8 [N]
     for 1 [kg] (mass).


    Using Hooke’s spring law(=formula)
     F=-k*x, swap sides
     -k*x =F, /(-x)
     the spring’s proportionality constant (e.g. ratio) is
     k=F/(-x), let the Force F=Wt weight Wt=m*g
     k=m*g/(-x), let the mass m=1 [kg] & the gravitational_acceleration g=-9.8 [m/(s^2)]
     k=-9.8*[kg*m/(s^2)]/(-0.01 [m]), 1/0.01=100

     k=980*[kg*m/(s^2)]/[m]), cancel [m/m]=[1/1]=1
     k=980*[kg/(s^2).

    That spring (law) formula
     F=-k*x, swap sides

     -k*x=F, /(-k)
     can be manipulated
     to find the displacement
     -x=F/k
     for (e.g. calibrating
     to) the mass m=Wt/g
     -x=m*g/k, *(-1)

     x=-m*g/k, let g=-9.8 [m/(s^2)] & k=-980*[kg/(s^2)
     x=-m*(-9.8 [m/(s^2)])/(-980*[kg/(s^2)), 9.8/980=0.01 & [(s^2)]/[(s^2)]=1/1=1
     x=-m*0.01 [m/kg].

    E.g. let mass m=1 [kg]
     x=-1 [kg]*0.01 [m/kg], [kg/kg]=1/1=1
     x=0.01 [m]=1 [cm].

    All pretty obvious.

    Disclaimer 2:

    Such a constant k
     (as ratio),
     also looks like
     it could serve (well)
     as a variable, instead
     (e.g. if needed,
     when a (so_called) constant
     is NOT constant,
     at all).

    If that'( i)s the way
     things are done(?);
     then it would be a help
    (to me).

  14. 4 hours ago, Sensei said:

    Laptop battery, cell phone battery certainly have no momentum..

    They have a capacity expressed on the label as, for example, 10000 mAh.

    mA = 0.001 A

    h = 3600s

    Q=I*t

    I = 10000 mA = 10 A

    Q=10A * 3600s = 36000 C

    i.e. the device will work for 1h at 10A, or 10h at 1A (assuming no losses and lower voltage, which is unreliable)

    E= Q*U

    U is typically 3.6 V for Li-on battery..

    Thanks Sensei.
    That's a good example.
    I will have to give it some thought (time).

    4 hours ago, Sensei said:

     

    @Ghideon Do you want to become a billionaire? You'll be the second administrator.. You gave me an idea..

     

    Objects which have melting point at lower T than STP "attracts" energy in any form from the world.

     

    Every object takes energy and releases it into the world.

    In "ambient temperature," what goes out, is what comes in, and we have an equilibrium.

     

    Transition from solid state to liquid state takes additional energy.

    Transition from liquid state to gaseous state takes additional energy.

    Transition from gaseous state to plasma state takes additional energy.

    (This is called ionization energy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy )

     

    There are others for the high energy regime in quantum physics.

    NO arguments there
     (with those Temperature Energy concepts
     commonly used).

    E.g. Those approximations work (often).

    (But I have to remind you
     that I am looking
     for an alternative (Newtonian math) concept;
     instead of (Leibniz's) Energy
     that will work
     just as well;
     if NOT better
     with fewer ERRORs.)

    (I envision)
     Temperature
     T=k*va/m
     is a quotient
     (proportional
     to) the particle's average_speed va
     "per" mass m
     (instead of "factor"
     "multiplied by"
     for the product
     of (average_)momentum
     moma=va*m);

     (&) where k
     is simply some sort
     of (correction)
     proportionality_constant.

    That is simply
     2 different math methods:
     e.g.
     T (quotient)
     versus
     KEd (product);
     using 2 similar parameters:
     e.g.
     the average_speed va
     & which is then either:
     divided by
     or (else) multiplied by
     the mass m.
     

    3 hours ago, studiot said:

    So you can perform the following simple calculation, without using energy.

    Please show me how.

    I have a 1kg bar of lead that I wish to melt.

    I have a bunsen burner and a suitable steel pot to melt the bar in.

     

    How much gas do I need to fully melt the bar ?

    Please ignore losses for this calculation.

    2 methods (alternatives)
     occur
     to my mind.

    E.g. I can convert existing energy values
     into some kind of momentum;
     or else
     (I can abandon that method completely)
     & concentrate
     on the average_momentum squared concept
     as a mass*Energy substitute.

    I will need too much time
     to (accurately) prepare that (details);
     & hinder errors
     (stumbling blocks).

    Please (excuse me, but)
     would you (please) prepare
     th(os)e Energy calculations
    (for me)
     & I would attempt
     to convert that
     (in)to (some kind of)
     momentum.

    I would then know what (numbers) to expect
     & whatever format
     you desire
     (if I wish to copy it).

    I consider
     I might be
     a better editor
     than author.


     

  15. 4 hours ago, Sensei said:

    Energy is a physical thing,

    That (shockingly) seems like a noun (thing);
     but I got your drift, meaning concept.

    4 hours ago, Sensei said:

    that is, you can certainly feel the difference between hot coffee/tea and cold coffee/tea.

    The question should be "how much leakage" of this energy, if any, instead of this crap: "Energy is NONSENSE".

    I think Swansont
     gave you (=us)
     your best (=simplest)
     so_called "crap"
     Energy example
     with a head on head collision
     of 2 masses
     each 1 [kg]
     at speed(s)
     v=(+/-)1 [m/s].

    That'( i)s
     at sub_light speed(s);
     & the Energy
     does NOT agree
     with the momentum!

    (Need I say more?) 

    4 hours ago, Sensei said:

    If it's 0.00000000001 then you should show it.

    We would have at least had some scientific discussion on your part.

    E.g.
    Mass 1's
     mass
     m1=1 [kg]
     & (accelerated) speed_difference
     vd1=1 [m/s];
     mass 2's
     mass
     m2=1 [kg]
     & (accelerated) speed_difference
     vd2=-1 [m/s].

    4 hours ago, Sensei said:

    But you are not able to.

    Really?

    The average_momentum
     (of each mass)
     is
     moma1=m1*va1=1 [kg]*1 [m/s]=1 [N*s]
     moma2=m1*va2=1 [kg]*(-1) [m/s]=-1 [N*s]
     momat=moma1+moma2=1 [N*s]-1 [N*s]=0.
    The total (average_)momentum
     is zero!

    However,
     the(ir) kinetic_energy(differences) are each 0.5 [J];
     so, their, total input (Energy) is 1 [J];
     but their NON_elastic (collision) result
     is zero Joule.

     KEd1=m1*vd1*va1=1 [kg]*1 [m/s]*0.5 [m/s]=0.5 [J]
     KEd2=m2*vd2*va2=1 [kg]*(-1) [m/s]*(-0.5) [m/s]=0.5 [J]
     KEdt=KEd1+KEd2=0.5 [J]+0.5 [J]=1 [J] total kinetic_Energy(_difference) input
     but the KEd_output=0
     because all speeds are (gone to) zero
     meaning -1 [J] lost, abracadabra!
    What a bunch of JUNK!

    When
     assuming
     the speed_difference vd=vf-vi;
     & each initial_speed is zero
     vi=vi1=vi2=0
     then their speed_differences
     vd1=vf1-vi1=0-1=-1 [m/s], &
     vd2=vf2-vi2=0-(-1) [m/s]=1 [m/s])
     (for masses 1 & 2, are);
     where
     their (linearly_accelerated)
     final_speeds
     vf1=vi1+vd1=va1-vd1/2
     vf2=vi2+vd2=va2-vd2/2
     are the initial_speed vi
     plus the speed_speed(_difference) vd;
     &/or
     vf1=va1-vd1/2
     vf2=va2-vd2/2
     the average_speed va
     minus half the(ir) (accelerated) speed_difference vd/2.

    4 hours ago, Sensei said:

    You are not able to, because physics and chemistry are experimental.

    That (sure) sounds like a false claim
     on your part.

    I'm quite sure the experiments
     (will) show the discrepancy (ERORR)
     between (average_)momentum
     versus (kinetic_)Energy(_difference) results.

    Kinetic_Energy is a looser
     & you guys are trying to cover up that (fact).

    E.g. With "dark" (=unknown) energy
     on a galactic scale.

    But I understand
     you (all) HAVEN'T
     a (faintest) CLUE
     because it is in your natural character
     to deny things
     you do NOT understand
     because of your education.

    Scientists
     can be typically the "LAST" person
     to learn
     what is new,
     because their education (brainwashing)
     interferes
     with what is obvious.

    (I.e. Common sense.

    Who has it?
    Every healthy person!).

    Typically, instead of saying
     they (scientists) have made a mistake;
     they (scientists,
     I DON'T want to mention any names)
     say,
     (=mildly admit)
     they (scientists)
     have discovered
     other than they ((have) wrongly)
     expected.

    WOAH!

    If the mistakes (=ERRORS)
     are NOT going
     to be admitted (& recognized);
     then how are "we" going
     to progress (e.g. in Physics)
     (& eliminate those errors).

    E.g.
    Recognition
     is the 1st step
     to improvement.

    4 hours ago, Sensei said:

    Theoretical physics is something new in the 20th century.

    To become a theoretical physicist, you have to learn everything about experimental physics, chemistry, etc.

    Laymen on the Internet tend to skip the whole learning process and just post their useless drivel on science forums without bothering to acquire everything that real scientists took years of study.

    By the look
     of it
     some of their study was in vain.

    They forgot something
     (very important)
     like (e.g.) the initial_speed vi=vf-vd
     (especially if that is light's_speed c)
     which they love to eliminate
     in their (linearly accelerated) speed_difference
     vd=vf-vi.

    I'm NOT telling you
     something NEW;
     (but instead)
     just reminding you.

    Your calculations
     are full of holes
     if you have forgotten missing (initial) terms
     (which are prove_able
     with simple algebra (math)).

    You (=your colleagues & predecessors)
     have built up
     an unreliable empire
     ready to crumble;
     if you rely on ONLY
     those incomplete equations
     (with missing terms)
     that you (so) carelessly ignore
     & (even) reject.

    4 hours ago, Sensei said:

    Check sandbox:

    https://www.scienceforums.net/forum/99-the-sandbox/

    There, even well-known members practiced..

    Still a good tip,
     I'( a)m convinced.

    LaTex is (a spastic) over_kill
     because the programmers
     could NOT correctly convert
     all the(ir) .pdf or whatever formats.

    They did NOT know enough
     about the different text formats;
     so they invented
     their own (NON uni_directional) format
     to make things work (somewhat) correctly.

    Why the overhead
     (just because they could NOT do their task)?

    Now you are demanding
     everybody follow
     "their" mistake('s remedy).

    There exists
     (more than)
     a (=1) NEW text editor
     every (10) year(s).

    How many
     have I learned?

    & then NEVER need (it) again
     because something better comes (along),
     to overtake the situation;
     because the last (editor) was inferior.

    This 1 (LaTex) does NOT go backwards,
     e.g. it does NOT convert backwards
     into e.g. a Winword or .pdf file,
     because the programmers
     do NOT know how
     to do that (conversion) correctly (originally),
     so what have they learned?

    Here today,
     (but) gone tomorrow.

    Is that (programming),
     (called) science (Physics)?

    NO(! way (my friend))
     that is NONSENSE,
     e.g. NOT understandable.

    You have peculiar "demands"
     because you CAN'T get your own act together.

    I'm only making (improvement) suggestions
     (to try & get out of the problems).

    You want to avoid your (existing) problems
     (& say they do NOT exist).

    E.g.
    Ohhh
     there are limitations!
     (..but because the formulas DON'T always work).

    Let us (both) say,
     there is room
     for improvements.

    It'( i)s
     NOT easy
     to change mainstream (opinions!).

    Einstein & Michelson
     both stood "against" mainstream;
     & look at where we are NOW.

    They (both) changed it (=mainstream)
     (instead of (completely) correcting it).

    What a mess!

    To summarize
     (this thread),
     I have made 2 suggestions:
     either: to kick_out (the scalar) Energy
     as NONSENSE;
     or else
     (if you want to keep Energy,
     although I do NOT know why)
     to vectorize it (=Energy)
     (as needed)
     (& eventually factor it (=Energy)
     with the scalar (called) mass (again)
     (as a distortion)
     mentioned in another thread:
     acceleration note)
     as an improvement.

    Disclaimer2:

    I do NOT find those (2) suggestions (either):
     rude;
     NOR (as) arrogant constrictions;
     but instead
     as liberal alternatives
     for improvement.

    E.g. You may choose either way;
     if you want to choose at all.

    I have only tried to state my observations
     & conclusions
     for that (part)
     of the development.

    Take it or leave it.

    Your past scientists
     did NOT like Galileo either;
     NOT to mention Ohm, Einstein, Michelson, Wilson (plate tectonics), ...

    You are all typically (mostly) of a rejecting attitude (tendency).
    It takes (much effort &) a very long time
     to convince you otherwise.

    But history repeats itself.
    For sure.

     

  16. 1 minute ago, Sensei said:

     

    The word "energy" (in one form or another) existed before physics and chemistry. We used to say "young people have a lot of energy", "old people don't have the energy to ...", "sick people don't have energy", etc.

    Most probably a (bio)chemical energy (reserve).

    1 minute ago, Sensei said:

    Energy is the ability to do something.

    Solid CO2 does not have the ability to do something,

    I disagree, at STP solid CO2 is very cold
     & that temperature difference
     (while) melting
     can change pressure
     which can do work.

    1 minute ago, Sensei said:

    while liquid O2 has the ability to do something (burn with something and release "stored energy").

    Yes, but that is (chemical) bonding energy (exchange).

    1 minute ago, Sensei said:

    Basically, energy is like mass, energy before reaction is equal to energy after reaction. The mass before the reaction is equal to the mass after the reaction (in chemistry). A+B=C+D. So whatever you want to solve is equal. At the beginning of science, the equation was at the level of mass, which is true to some level of certainity. Then at energy level, which a way way more precise.

    Energy is stored in various ways. The potential energy of a nucleus (which can be released during fusion, fission, spontaneous decay, etc. ), the energy bound between atoms or molecules, the potential energy of an object at a certain height above the ground, etc., etc., or the kinetic energy of an object or the rotational energy of an object..

    Yes Sensei,
     (I agree,
    we have all those (Energy) concepts
     with their (own) math);
     but can't we use
     e.g. (average_)momentum;
     instead of Energy_math?

    Why "must" we use ONLY energy?

    I see more disadvantages
     with Energy;
     than advantages.

  17. 5 minutes ago, studiot said:

    This

    is

    neither

    a

    speculation

    nor

    a

    question

    it

    is

    a

    tirade

    I do NOT see anger
     in my statement,
     ONLY (resignment &) reassurement
     that Energy does NOT always add
     thus it is (in that sense)
     unaccountable ("NONSENSE!").
    If things do add up
     as they are (expectedly) supposed to
     then they are behaving illogically.

    Denying the problem
     is NOT going to cure it.

    Unlike most (people)
     I am (at least)
     recognizing a problem
     & (then) attempting
     a solution.

    As long as that takes (me).
    It is NOT an easy task.
    Especially in only 1 shot.

    5 minutes ago, studiot said:

    so

    it

    belongs

    in

    the

    trash.

    I disagree.
    I was only summarizing
     so you can recognize
     the direction.

    You have NOT addressed
     the major question.
    I.e. Title.

    5 minutes ago, studiot said:

    A real question would be something like

    Are there any circumstance where energy methods are easier and or more efficient than other methods of analysis ?

    That is NOT my question.
    Especially because I know
     Energy is an approximation
     & thus relative.
    I (already) know you guys (& gals)
     already use math_Energy
     for many things,
     because it compares.

    5 minutes ago, studiot said:

    To which the answer is a resounding yes.

    You are trying to change my question
     in order to avoid it.

  18. 3 minutes ago, Sensei said:

    Inability to,

    learn,

    so simple,

    thing,

    causes,

    that,

    your,

    other posts,

    are unreliable..

     

    Please let me help you.

    Inability
     to learn
     so (=such) simple things
     causes that your other posts
     to be unreliable.

    Are you sure you mean unreliable?

    How?

  19. I agree with you Sensei.
    I am unable to learn LaTex
     & your programmers were unable
     convert text formats correctly.
    Thus they created a 1 directional conversion
     you call Latex.

    But I must say
     my post looks
     (a little) better
     than yours.

  20. I tend
     to think,
     we do NOT need
     (kinetic_)Energy(_difference)’s
     (redundant) syntax.


    Let’( u)s face it.
    Energy is NONSENSE!

    E.g. 1
    Astronomer’s have been complaining
     for a long time.

    Now(adays, or a_daze)
     you (also) have “dark” (=unknown) Energy
     to cover up that problem.

    E.g. 2
    The output
     of a NON_elastic collision
     is always less
     than the input.


    I.e.
    NO matter how (much)
     you (want
     to) “guess” explaining its (NON_elastic) loss
     (e.g. with deformation (dents),
     acoustic noise (produced),
     & heat (warmed));
     instead of knowing
     & measuring.

    Mathematically that loss
     is calculate_able (accountable,
     into a reduced_mass (construct)).)

    E.g. 3.
    That (NON_elastic collision, Energy loss)
     is NOT energy conservation
     but instead a math ERROR
     (caused by)
     incompatibility with (average_)momentum. 

    But my question
     is, do we (really) need
     the Energy (math) construct,
     at all?

    I mean
     we already have (average_)momentum
     & it (=that (average_)momentum)
     does NOT seem
     to lie at us
     like Energy
     (sometimes) does.


    With
     the (kinetic_)Energy (construct)
     we “loose” information.

    I.e.
    It (=KEd=delta_KE)
     is NOT completely
     “reversible” math
     (without using the original( parameter)s again);
     which hinders
     a (bidirectional math) reverse_ability.


    E.g.
     (For linear_acceleration)

     the kinetic_Energy(_difference)
     KEd=m*v(d)*va
     is composed (=made)
     of: a (=1, single)
     scalar (mass m);
     & “2” (speed) vectors
     (the speed_difference vd=v(d)=v=vf-vi
     as final_speed vf minus initial_speed vi;
     & multiplied
     by the average_speed va=(vf+vi)/2=d/t
     as added
    final_speed vf & initial_speed vi
     divided by 2)
     
    .

    Th(os)e (2) speeds
     are vectors
     because they have “direction”,
     (also)
     meaning (each)
     in simplest form
     e.g.
     if in 1D,
     (the) travel can be either:
     positive (forward(s));
     or (else) negative (backward).


    Mass (is a scalar, &)
     can NOT do that (bidirectionality).


    ---
    Disclaimer 1:

    I have NOT seen
     a “negative” mass -m
     (for that) coefficient (factor m);
     even if you rave
     about anti_matter;
     simply because
     it (=anti_matter)
     is
     (let us say)
     opposite_charge
     of (perhaps) a spin.


    The rule
     is,
     every charged
     (sub_atomic)
     particle,
     has its own
     oppositely charged
     (so_called aunty_)
     particle.


    (Does that include neutral (uncles)?)

    But during annihilation,
     at such a subatomic size,
     how can you prove
     your guess_work (=assumptions)?

    That (tracking)
     seems (to me) impossible
     to follow;
     & only a careless (misleading) idea.
    ---

    A vector (e.g. such as a(n average) speed v(a))
     multiplied
     by a scalar (e.g. mass m)
     remains a vector (e.g. (average_)momentum mom(a)=m*v(a))
     .


    But 2 (negative) vectors (e.g. speeds vd & va)
     loose their (negative) polarity -1=j^2
     when multiplied together
     to become
     (& always stay, only)
     positive (scalar);
     (no matter)
     whether they were originally positive or negative.

    That is a loss
     of (the +/-)
     polarity information,
     which is NOT retrievable (=recoverable, salvageable)
     without using
     the (original)
     polarity (again).


    E.g. Using a factor *v/((v^2)^0.5),
     where the (linear_accelerated) speed_difference vd=v
     & visa versa
     (is the truncated_symbol syntax)
     v=vd,
     because

     they are identical.
    (I simply truncated the d.)

     

    The (vectorized) kinetic_energy(_difference) (e.g. as a) vector

     KEd=m*v*va*v/((v^2)^0.5)
     is the (scalar) KEd=m*v*va
     multiplied
     by its speed_difference’s polarity
     v/((v^2)^0.5).

    If that speed_difference v=vf-vi was negative
     then its KEd will also become negative.

    That is why I say (=question)
     do we really need (e.g. kinetic_)Energy?
     if we have to (re)modify so much;
     (because)
     it(s Energy_math alone)
     is inferior (NONSENSE).

    Why DON’T we (just) kick out
     the concept
     of Energy (all together)?
     & throw it away
     in(to) the garbage.


    Why do we perpetuate
     the error_making problems,
     (called) Energy?

    Why do we bother,
     at all,
     with
     (the concept, approximation)
     Energy?


    (E.g.
    I have proposed bending (=modifying)
     Newton’s motion laws
     (as detour)
     to get around
     the Energy error problems;
     (but that (detour) is)
     instead
     of dealing
     with the real (guilty) culprit (i.e. Energy).)

    It (=Energy)
     is way too complicated
     for what is needed.

    Energy (syntax, (an) approximation)
     was invented ((ruffly ~2*KE) by Leibniz;
     it’( i)s NOT Newtonian)
     to help describe
     linear_acceleration(’s work).

    But Leibniz originally confused mass m=Wt/g
     with weight Wt=m*g.

    It’( i)s the gravitational acceleration g=Wt/m
     that (had) caused that (confusion) problem
     for him (=Leibniz).

  21. 2 minutes ago, Bufofrog said:

    You apparently decided for some reason to only recognize spatial dimensions as 'real' dimensions,

    That's right!

    I'm only interested
     in the real McCoy.

    (E.g. Spare me the science fiction.
    I DON'T need Sc_Fi
     (like they do).)

    2 minutes ago, Bufofrog said:

    that's fine for you,

    Thank you.

    2 minutes ago, Bufofrog said:

    but don't expect others to jump on board with you. 

    Pity (for them).

  22. 7 minutes ago, Phi for All said:

    You can't move through space without moving through time as well.

    But you can move thru time
     without moving thru space
     e.g. maintaining the same distances
     (so to speak).

    7 minutes ago, Phi for All said:

    Changing motion through space or time affects the other in predictable ways. Special Relativity works, and it wouldn't if time weren't a dimension.

    Special Relativity
     was retracted
     by Einstein
     as defect,
     but (it was) a means to an End=his General_Relativity.
    Ch 22, 1920.

    Meaning Special Relativity
     does NOT (always) work.

    So I guess you lost that 1 arguement.

    Meaning time can NOT be a dimension.

    Sorry (for you).

  23. 5 minutes ago, Bufofrog said:

    It is not possible to locate an event without the dimension of time.  For instance if I want to have a meeting with you it is not possible without specifying a time, in other words it takes a minimum of 3 spatial dimension and 1 time dimension.

    What (is that suppose to mean)?
    I did NOT say we can do without time.

    Time is something else
     (an extra)
     which is necessary,
     but it does NOT belong
     to (category) dimension.

    E.g.
    I am alive,
     I live & breath (air)
     eat (food) & drink (water).
    All those extras,
     but they are NOT me.

  24. 20 hours ago, Bufofrog said:

    Time is not a vector but it is a dimension.

    I see NO evidence of that.

    Please explain.
    ..because..
    You have heard (=read) my version.

    E.g.
    Dimensions (x,y,z)
     are all
     at 90°
     to each other.

    (That (3 mixture) starts at x;
     & ENDS at z,
     the last (alphabetic) symbol
     (but chosen)
     on purpose, intentionally
     (to prevent further ones).)

    Time is NOT
     at 90°
     to ANYTHING!

    Time does NOT belong
     to the category "dimension".

    It (=Time) follows
     NO previous example,
     thus it is unique,
     a category
    of its own (nature).

    I see NOTHING else
     to prove
     & convince me
     otherwise.

    It (= That (time) nature (=behaviour))
     is very obvious
     (to (at least) me).

    Disclaimer:

    I DON'T care
     how badly
     Minikowski
     distorted
     the description
     of time
     in the past;
     it (=his distortion)
     is NOT fitting.

    Time reversal
     is NOT possible.

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