Koni

Valency is the number of atoms of a particular element that is combined with one atom of another element to form a molecule. So ???... WHAT ???...

"IF" one "Planet" has "more" "Pyrene"-(C16H10)-"molecules" !!!... than "Benzol"-(C6H6)-"molecules" !!!... it will probably make "Life" from "them" !!!... and "IF" the "enviroment" is Like "boiling-water" !!!... the nine(9) "Hydrogen(≡)Bonds" of a "TRIPLE-Helix" !!!... are "better" !!!... from the three(3) "Hydrogen(≡)Bonds" of a "DOUBLE-Helix" !!!...

I told You !!!... THAT these two(2) "Molecules" !!!... are NOT "mine" !!!... BUT I found them in the "Internet" !!!... (A) What is type of bond does the broken line represent ? = "Hydrogen-Bonds" : (=O ... H-) !!!... (B) What is located at the triple junction ? and (C) Again what is located at the triple junction ? and (D) How are these nitrogens trivalent ? = These are NOT BLUE-Nitrogens !!!... BUT are BLACK-Carbons !!!... atoms !!!...

an "Imaginary" TRIPLE-Helix-"D.N.A."

“D.N.A. Evolution” is a "theoretical" approache for the possible forms of DNA that can exist in the Univerce as (possible) extraterestrial "Alien-Life" to search by "NASA"). Overview Theory of “DNA Evolution” on Earth we have the "Double-Bases" ( G≡C ) and ( A=T ). and on Earth exist in Natur a ( 2+1 ) DNA-Helix. But with Biochemistry it was possible to made additional artificial synthetic "Double-Bases" (Hachimoji_DNA) ( “Evolvable-Life” has to be made with “weak” Hydrogen...Bonds, which can joint “together” easy and “separate” easy again, so that mistakes can occur !... ) The ( THEORETICAL ) proposal is to make a "real" TRIPLE-DNA-Helix with TRIPLE-DNA-Bases. The point to try to make a "TRIPLE-D.N.A.-Base" is : (1) First to "compare" the "DOUBLE-Helix" properties with the "TRIPLE-Helix", and make conclusions about their "similarities" and their "differencies". (2) IF You want to make from "small-inorganic-molecules" LIFE !, You have to make it with a "TRIPLE-DNA-Helix, So, THAT You can "prove" THAT it is "artificial-Life" made per "Intelligent-Design", and "NOT" through "changes" on already "existing" Life ! (3) The more “Hydrogen≡Bonds“ of the „TRIPLE-Helix“ conclude to stroger Bonds between the three „Bases“ because ( 3 * ≡ ) make nine(9) „Hydrogen-Bonds“, and the „TRIPLE-D.N.A.-Helix“ more “durable” to High Temperatures. (4) The „TRIPLE-Helix“ can also be used to store data with more safety because it is NOT a product of Natur to interact with „Earth-Life“. ( on the Image You can "see" also the "EVOLUTION" from three(3) "identical" Bases ( FA≡FA≡FA≡FA ) = ( FA≡BC≡DE≡FA ) to three(3) "different" but "similar" Bases). You can also “see” the ( 1:2 ) & ( 2:1 ) relationship “between” the three(3) “Bases” !, ( which complicates the simple ( 1:1 ) relationship of (m-RNA ≡ t-RNA) ! ) (Τhe big <problem> with the "TRIPLE-Helix" of "D.N.A." is that the "DOUBLE-Helix" can <unfold> "easily" its two(2) "Helices" and "open" !... so that the "proteins" can have "access" to <bind > on its "4-Bases" !... ) "while" the "TRIPLE-Helix" !... with the three(3) "Helices" !... "seems" like a "straight-stretched-stick" !... ( which does NOT <open> "easy" !... ) Besides (for six(6) “Bases”), the "TRIPLE-Helix" with ("two"-"triplets") of "Bases" ( 2*3=6 )!, can "easy" !... also be done with a "DOUBLE-Helix" with ("three"-"double") "Bases" ( 3*2=6 )!... a (LA≡BC≡DE≡FG≡HI≡JK≡LA) “HEXAL-D.N.A.-Helix”, with 3 * two(2) “similar” Bases, the “one” with “Oxygen” (=O) and the “other” with “Nitrogen” (-NH2) : (LA≡BC≡DE≡FG≡HI≡JK≡LA ), is very difficult to make !, because if You make two(2) “Hexal-Bases”, they transform their “Bonds” to “each-other” very “easy” !... References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachimoji_DNA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_analogue External links The Emergence of Life: From Chemical Origins to Synthetic Biology (by Pier Luigi Luis

(1) The ( DOUBLE / TRIPLE ) relationship !!!... (2) The "TRIPLE-"Base" with three(3) kinds of "Molecular-Models" !!!... (3) The ( 2:1 ) & ( 1:2 ) relationship !!!... and ( 1:5 ) & ( 2:4 ) & ( 3:3 ) !!!... I do NOT "say" !!!... THAT there is a "TRIPLE-Base" and a "TRIPLE-Helix" on "Earth" !!!... I say "only" !!!... THAT there is a THEORETICAL possibility !!!... to exist a "TRIPLE-D.N.A." somewhere in the LARGE UNIVERCE on a "Planet with Life" !!!... ( I have "correct" !!!... My "Mistakes" of "valency" on the Plastic "space-filling" C.P.K. "Molecular-Models" !!! )

<<Three atoms do not comprise a hexagon (your nitrogen structure)>> THIS is "NOT" !!!... My structure !!!... ( I "saw" it in the "Internet" !!! under the Name : "cyclic rosette structure" !!!... ) << Can you explain how your first diagram follows the normal rules of valency ?>> It seems to Me !!!... THAT the "valency" is o.k. on My "TRIPLE" & "HEXAL" Cyclic-Molecules !!!... ( ??? ) BUT "IF" !!!... I have made a "Mistake" !!!... "please" !!!... "correct" ME !!!... "THANK You" !!!... Kosta - GREECE

I am "NOT" !!!... a "Bio-Chemistry" ciencetist !!!... It is all on paper and Plastic !!!... ( It is more "Alien-DNA" !!!... ) BUT it is a probability !!!...

"Bio-Chemistry" Scientists !!!... write about a "Hexal" !!!... "molecule" !!!... with two(2) "Bases" !!!... I have made a "Hexal-molecule" !!!... with six(6) !!!... "similar" !!!... BUT "different" Bases !!!... ( to "each-other" ) !!!... ( for a "Hexal-D.N.A.-Helix !!!... ) It is "sad" !!!... BUT "NO" one !!!... takes My (THEORETICAL) "Molecules" serious !!!... :-( and !!!... "EVOLUTION" !!!... :

How many colours can see a Tetrachromat in a Rainbow ???... ( millions of colors !!!.... is NOT an assesable answer !!!... ) Humans with three(3) /cones\ !!!... can see in the rainbow seven(7) colors !!!... Humans with two(2) /cones\ !!!... can see in the rainbow three(3) colors !!!... ( BLUE-WHITE-YELLOW) !!!... Humans with "only" one(1) /cone\ !!!... can see in the rainbow "only" WHITE !!!...

WHAT is ???... Your oppinion ???... about a "TRIPLE-DNA-Helix" with "TRIPLE-Bases" ???... I have made it in "Theorie" !!!...( with "Molecular-Models" !!!... ) BUT I don't know how It will be in "reality" !!!... THANK You !!!... for any "Help" !!!...

Sorry THAT I write My oppinion but from the many "Biology-Books" I have read !!!... (1) First IF the extraterrestial Planet has "similar" LIVE with that of "Earth" WE will find something to "eat" !!!... BUT also WE will get "ill" from the "similar" Bacteria !!!... and (2) Second IF the LIVE on the extraterrestial Planet is very "different" of that on our "Earth" !!!... WE will NOT get "ill" !!!... BUT we also will NOT find something THAT WE can "eat" !!!... (1) + (2) = Solution(3) !!!... which is a extraterrestial Planet without LIVE !!!... BUT with "Liquit-Water" !!!... ( Like "Mars" IF he has underground Water !!!... ) BUT before THAT !!!... WE have to go with Spaceships and Robots there !!!... and sent OUR "Earth-Bacteria" to the extraterrestial Planet !!!... and then "Plants" !!!... and then "Animals" !!!... and after a lot of Years can WE also go there !!!... BUT will have to deal with the "different" Enviroment !!!... and the "different" Gravitation !!!... THAT will make us "Human" to "Evolve" !!!... to NEW "Humanoid-Alien-Species" !!!... and AFTER THAT !!!... there is NO easy way to come back to "Earth" !!!... because it is always !!!... "sweat" Home !!!... "My" Home !!!... because "Humans" and "Earth" !!!... evolve "together" !!!... ( and about the "Question" ???... How ???... will be "LIVE" on "other" Planets ???... "Look" on the "Earth" Like an "Alien" !!!... and You will "see" !!!... on the one Hand "Fish-Like" and "Bird-Like" animals !!!... and on the other Hand strange "animals" Like the "Oktopus" and the "Hippocampus" !!!... because also the Evolution has "Rules" !!!... BUT "never" is the "same" !!!... )

THANK You !!!... It Looks also !!!... as (possible) extraterestrial "Alien-Life" to search by "NASA" !!!...

on Earth we have the "Double-Bases" ( G≡C ) and ( A=T ). and on Earth exist in Natur a ( 2+1 ) DNA-Helix. My ( THEORETICAL ) proposal is a "real" TRIPLE-DNA-Helix with TRIPLE-DNA-Bases ! on one Image You can "see" also the "EVOLUTION" from three(3) "identical" Bases to three(3) "different" BUT "similar" Bases. and on another Image You "see" their ( 2:1 ) and ( 1:2 ) "relationship". The point to try to make a "TRIPLE-D.N.A.-Base" is : (1) First to "compare" the "DOUBLE-Helix" properties with the "TRIPLE-Helix", and make conclusions about their "similarities" and their "differencies". (2) IF You want to make from "small-anorganic-molecules" LIFE !, You have to make it with My "TRIPLE-DNA-Helix So. THAT You can "prove" THAT it is "artificial-Life" made per "Intelligent-Design". and "NOT" through "changes" on already "existing" Life !

From Wikipedia : Prototropy is the most common form of tautomerism and refers to the relocation of a hydrogen atom. on these Images you san see the four(4) tautomeric forms of a <TRIPLE-Base> !!!... FIRST !!!... IF you look only at ONE "Base" !!!... You can see the inside Hydrogens to move (Left/Right) from the one Nitrogen-atom to the near Nitrogen-atom !!!... of the same "Base" !!!... and that ist "Prototropy" !!!... SECOND !!!... IF you look now to the three(3) "Bases" !!!... Between two(2) Bases !!!... You have two(2) Hydrogens !!!... which can move !!!... BUT now !!!... they don't need to move (Left/Right) !!!... But they can move (up/down) from the one Base to the other ... the one Hydrogen !!!... and the opposite direction the other Hydrogen !!!... of the second Base !!!... and that is "Double-Prototropy" !!!... The Hydrogens which moves !!!... have to chance places form a "simple-Bond" to a "Hydrogen-Bond" !!!...

This are the four(4) "tautomeric" forms !!!... of a <TRIPLE-Base> !!!... and THIS is an IMAGE !!!... of My two(2) <TRIPLE-Bases> !!!... with OUR two(2) <DOUBLE-Bases> to compare them with each other !!!... and THIS is My <TRIPLE-D.N.A.-Helix> !!!... with the two(2) <TRIPLE-Bases> "inside" !!!... ( and our <DOUBLE-D.N.A.-Helix> with the two(2) <DOUBLE-Bases> !!!... ) My <TRIPLE-D.N.A.-Helix> !!!... is ONLY a theoretical speculation !!!... for an "Alien" possible D.N.A. !!!... The "same" !!!... You can "Imagine" !!!... with My six(6)fold D.N.A.-Bases !!!... This is only S.F.B. = "Science Fiction Biology" !!!...

THANK You for this Information!!!... I will look in the Internet for it...

Have you another proposition for a molecule which can store information like the DOUBLE Helix DNA is???...

IF there were a TRIPLE Helix DNA it were no differencies as to Organisms with a DOUBLE Helix DNA because they store INFORMATION in the same way!!!... The only difference is by the m-RNA's and t-RNA's... By a TRIPLE Helix with three (3/3) nucleobases you have: or (1) m-RNA=1/3 and t-RNA=2/3... or (2) m-RNA=2/3 and t-RNA=1/3 ...

There is a Theoretical and Hypothetical real TRIPLE Helix DNA with three(3) nucleotide Bases which I have posted... This is the only alternative to the DOUBLE Helix DNA which has Hydrogen Bonds...