who are eubacteria?

[Alkendi]

hi all:

In one article i found that they were successful in amplifying 16S out of eubacteria. what is the difference between the bacteria and the eubacteria and prokaryotes?

 

also what is the difference between the universal primer that would amplify

16S gene and the one that is specific to 16S gene? please some one define the universal primer for me?

 

thanks

[lucaspa]

http://www.accessexcellence.org/LC/SS/PS/PCR/PCR_technology.html

"Universal primers are complementary to nucleotide sequences which are very common in a particular set of DNA molecules. Thus, they are able to bind to a wide variety of DNA templates.

Bacterial ribosomal DNA genes contain nucleotide sequences that are common to all bacteria. Thus, bacterial universal primers can be made by creating primers which are complementary to these sequences.

Examples of bacteria universal primer sequences are:

Forward 5' GAT CCT GGC TCA GGA TGA AC 3' (20 mer)

Reverse 5' GGA CTA CCA GGG TAT CTA ATC 3' (21 mer)

 

Animal cell lines contain a particular sequence known as the "alu gene". There are approximately 900,000 copies of the alu gene distributed throughout the human genome, and multiple copies distributed through the genome of other animal cells, as well. Thus, the alu gene provides the sequence for a universal primer for animal cell lines."

 

As to eubacteria:

http://tolweb.org/Eubacteria

http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9363972/eubacteria

 

Eubacteria are "true bacteria" as opposed to "archaebacteria". Today the term "eubacteria" is no longer used. Instead, the terms "bacteria" and "archaea" are used.

 

"Until recently, bacteria were the only known type of procaryotic cell, and the discipline of biology related to their study is called bacteriology. In the 1980's, with the outbreak of molecular techniques applied to phylogeny of life, another group of procaryotes was defined and informally named "archaebacteria". This group of procaryotes has since been renamed Archaea and has been awarded biological Domain status on the level with Bacteria and Eucarya."

http://textbookofbacteriology.net/bacteriology.html

[Alkendi]

so do you mean that the prokaryotes consists of :

1-bacteria

2-Archea

by the way what do you mean by 'true bacteria'

thanks

[Dak]

true bacteria is just a historical term from when bacteria was seperated into two sub-groups, which is now not used that much.

 

what lucascapa said as a diagram:

 

ORIGINAL CLASSIFICATION:

prokaryota                           (domain)
  |
bacteria                             (kingdom)

----
ARCHAEBACTERIA RECOGNISED AS SEPERATE FROM MOST (TRUE)BACTERIA:

prokaryota                           (domain)
  |
bacteria                             (kingdoms)
/     \
true     archaebacteria              (sub-kingdoms)
bacteria

----
ARCHAEBACTERIA RECOGNISED AS SEPERATE ENOUGH FROM BACTERIA TO
NOT BE COUNTED AS BACTERIA..:

prokaryota                           (domain)
___|______
|         \
bacteria  archaea                    (kingdoms)

---
...BOTH OF WHICH WERE THEN RECOGNISED TO BE AS SEPERATE FROM
EACH OTHER AS FROM EUKARYOTA, HENCE ARE DOMAINS NOW:

prokaryota                           (superdomain)
___|______
|         \           
bacteria   archaea                   (domains)

[lucaspa]

so do you mean that the prokaryotes consists of :

1-bacteria

2-Archea

by the way what do you mean by 'true bacteria'

thanks

 

Did Dak's post answer your question? This is a case where the scientific terms changed. So if you read an older paper you will see the terms "eubacteria" and "true bacteria" because of the older terms.

 

In today's classification scheme "bacteria" = "eubacteria" = "true bacteria". Does that help?