Koby

What is the best way to verify Identiteis

Any thought on what other things,principles and ideas that can never be proved wrong? For example: Law of energy conservation states that energy can neither be destroyed nor created, only that it can only be transformed. Perpetual Mechanical Motion Perfect Vacuum and Purity in substance. Any other things to add? and another question...why is heat the most useless kind of energy?

Thanks! I'll apply for a course in C# and Java

Thanks!

Do you guys think I got these right? 1) Briefly tell when an angle is in Standard Position. ANSWER - An angle is in standard position when - 1. its vertex A is at the origin of the x-y plane, 2. its initial side AB lies along the positive x-axis, and 3. its terminal side AC has rotated away from the x-axis. The angle is POSITIVE if AC has rotated away from the x-axis in a counter-clockwise direction. The angle is NEGATIVE if AC has rotated away from the x-axis in a clockwise direction. ---------------------------------------------------------- 2) Briefly explain when an angle is in the Third Quadrant. ANSWER - The x-y plane is divided into four quadrants, defined as - Quadrant 1 - the area covered by starting at a Standard Angle of [ 0 degrees ] on the positive x-axis, and sweeping counter-clockwise by 90 degrees to [ +90 degrees ] on the positive y-axis. Quadrant 2 - the area covered by starting at a Standard Angle of [ +90 degrees ] on the positive y-axis, and sweeping counter-clockwise by 90 degrees to [ +180 degrees ] on the negative x-axis. Quadrant 3 - the area covered by starting at a Standard Angle of [ +180 degrees ] on the negative x-axis, and sweeping counter-clockwise by 90 degrees to [ +270 degrees ] on the negative y-axis. Quadrant 4 - the area covered by starting at a Standard Angle of [ +270 degrees ] on the negative y-axis, and sweeping counter-clockwise by 90 degrees to [ +360 degrees ] on the positive x-axis. So an angle is in the Third Quadrant when it is between a Standard Angle of [ +180 degrees ] and [ +270 degrees]. Alternatively, an angle is in the Third Quadrant when both the x and y coordinates for the target point are negative. ---------------------------------------------------------- 3) Briefly explain Quadrantal angles and Coterminal angles. ANSWER - Angles are "coterminal" if, in the Standard Position, they end on the same line. For example, starting from the positive x-axis, the terminal point of [ +180 degrees ] is indistinguishable from that for [ -180 degrees ], because they both end on the negative x-axis. A "quadrantal" angle is any angle which terminates on the boundary of any of the Four Quadrants, that is, on either the positive or negative x or y axis. This occur ---------------------------------------------------------- 4) Express the following in Radians - a) 135 degrees * (2*pi radians / 360 degrees) = 2.3562 radians b) -15 degrees * (2*pi radians / 360 degrees) = -0.26180 radians c) 60 degrees * (2*pi radians / 360 degrees) = 1.0472 radians d) 112.5 degrees * (2*pi radians / 360 degrees) = 1.9635 radians e) -150 degrees * (2*pi radians / 360 degrees) = -2.6180 radians f) 1025 degrees * (2*pi radians / 360 degrees) = 17.8896 radians ---------------------------------------------------------- 5) Express the following in degrees, minutes and seconds - (assuming that the figures provided are expressed in Radians) a) [ 4 radians = 229 degrees, 10 minutes, 59 seconds ] Derivation - 4 radians * (360 degrees / (2*pi radians)) =(NNN) NNN-NNNNdegrees (NNN) NNN-NNNNdegrees => 229 degrees (NNN) NNN-NNNNdegrees - 229 degrees = 0.1831181 degrees) (0.1831181 degrees) * (60 minutes / degree) = 10.9871 minutes 10.9871 minutes => 10 minutes (10.9871 minutes - 10 minutes = 0.9871 minutes) (0.9871 minutes) * (60 seconds / minute) = 59.226 seconds 59.226 seconds => 59 seconds (rounded to nearest second) Thus - 4 radians = 229 degrees, 10 minutes, 59 seconds b) [ 0.23 radians = 13 degrees, 10 minutes, 41 seconds ] Derivation - 0.23 radians * (360 degrees / (2*pi radians)) = 13.17802929 degrees 13.17802929 degrees => 13 degrees (13.17802929 degrees - 13 degrees = 0.17802929 degrees) (0.17802929 degrees) * (60 minutes / degree) = 10.6818 minutes 10.6818 minutes => 10 minutes (10.6818 minutes - 10 minutes = 0.6818 minutes) (0.6818 minutes) * (60 seconds / minute) = 40.908 seconds 40.908 seconds => 41 seconds (rounded to nearest second) Thus - 0.23 radians = 13 degrees, 10 minutes, 41 seconds c) [ pi/6 radians = 30 degrees, 0 minutes, 0 seconds ] Derivation - pi/6 radians * (360 degrees / (2*pi radians)) = 30.0000 degrees (30.0000 degrees - 30 degrees = 0) - therefore, no minutes or seconds. d) [ 3pi/2 radians =(NNN) NNN-NNNNdegrees, 0 minutes, 0 seconds ] Derivation - 3pi/2 radians * (360 degrees / (2*pi radians)) =(NNN) NNN-NNNNdegrees (270.0000 degrees - 270 degrees = 0) - therefore, no minutes or seconds. e) [ -1.4 radians = -80 degrees, -12 minutes, -51 seconds ] Derivation - -1.4 radians * (360 degrees / (2*pi radians)) = -80.21409132 degrees -80.21409132 degrees => -80 degrees (-80.21409132 degrees +80 degrees = -0.21409132 degrees) (-0.21409132 degrees) * (60 minutes / degree) = -12.8455 minutes -12.8455 minutes => -12 minutes (-12.8455 minutes - 12 minutes =-0.8455 minutes) (-0.8455 minutes) * (60 seconds / minute) = -50.73 seconds -50.73 seconds => -51 seconds (rounded to nearest second) Thus - -1.4 radians = -80 degrees, -12 minutes, -51 seconds f) [ 9.6 radians = 550 degrees, 2 minutes, 22 seconds ] Derivation - 9.6 radians * (360 degrees / (2*pi radians)) =(NNN) NNN-NNNNdegrees (NNN) NNN-NNNNdegrees => 550 degrees (NNN) NNN-NNNNdegrees - 550 degrees = 0.0394833 degrees) (0.0394833 degrees) * (60 minutes / degree) = 2.3690 minutes 2.3690 minutes => 2 minutes (2.3690 minutes - 2 minutes = 0.3690 minutes) (0.3690 minutes) * (60 seconds / minute) = 22.14 seconds 22.14 seconds => 22 seconds (rounded to nearest second) Thus - 9.6 radians = 550 degrees, 2 minutes, 22 seconds ---------------------------------------------------------- 6) What is the size, in degrees, of the angle subtended by an arc of 1 and 2/3 feet in a circle whose radius is 45 inches? ANSWER - [ Angle =25.4648 degrees ] DERIVATION - The circumference of the circle is given by - [ Circumference = C = 2*pi*R ] The angle subtended by the arc will be - [ Angle = (Arc Length / C) * 360 degrees ] The following figures are provided - [ Arc Length = (1 + (2/3)) ft * (12 in / ft) = 20 in ] [ R = radius = 45 in ] So - [ Angle = (Arc Length / C) * 360 degrees ] [ Angle = (Arc Length / (2*pi*R)) * 360 degrees ] [ Angle = (20 in / (2*pi*45 in)) * 360 degrees ] [ Angle = 0.07073553 * 360 degrees ] [ Angle =25.4648 degrees ] ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- 8) Find the distance from the Origin to each of the points in Question 7. (If your answer is irrational, leave it in radical form). a) (3,-7) Distance = SQRT((3)^2 + (-7)^2) = SQRT(9 + 49) = 2*SQRT(29/2) b) (-4,6) Distance = SQRT((-4)^2 + (6)^2) = SQRT(16 + 36) = SQRT(52) = 2*SQRT(13) c) (0,5) Distance = SQRT((0)^2 + (5)^2) = SQRT(0 + 25) = SQRT(25) = 5 d) (6,0) Distance = SQRT((6)^2 + (0)^2) = SQRT(36 + 0) = SQRT(36) = 6 e) ( -2, -4) Distance = SQRT((-2)^2 + (-4)^2) = SQRT(4 + 16) = SQRT(20) = 2*SQRT(5) f) (0,0) Distance = SQRT((0)^2 + (0)^2) = SQRT(0 + 0) = SQRT(0) = 0 ---------------------------------------------------------- 9) Given that [ SIN X= -2 SQUARED/2 ] and that Cos(x) is negative, find the orther functions of (x) and the value of (x). [ Unable to resolve this question - need clarification if possible. ] ---------------------------------------------------------- 10) Derive the identity [ Cot^2(A) + 1 = Cosec^2(A) ] - For a given triangle of sides [ a, b, c ] with opposing angles [ A, B, C ] where [ C = 90 ] and [ c = hypotenuse ] - [ (a^2 + b^2) = c^2 ] [ Sin(A) = (a/c) ] [ Cos(A) = (b/c) ] [ Tan(A) = (a/b) ] [ Cosec(A) = 1/Sin(A) = (c/a) ] [ Sec(A) = 1/Cos(A) = (c/b) ] [ Cot(A) = 1/Tan(A) = (b/a) ] [ Cot^2(A) + 1 = (b^2 / a^2) + 1 ] [ Cot^2(A) + 1 = (a^2 + b^2) / a^2 ] But (a^2 + b^2) = c^2 [ Cot^2(A) + 1 = (c^2 / a^2) ] [ Cot^2(A) + 1 = (c/a)^2) ] [ Cot^2(A) + 1 = Cosec^2(A) ] ---------------------------------------------------------- 11) Express [ (Cot^2(x) - 1) / Cosec^2(x) ] in terms of Sin(x) - ANSWER - [ (Cot^2(x) - 1) / Cosec^2(x) = (1 - 2*Sin^2(x)) ] DERIVATION - Use identities - [ Cot(x) = Cos(x) / Sin(x) ] [ Sin^2(x) + Cos^2(x) = 1 ] Therefore - [ Cosec^2(x) = 1 / Sin^2(x) ] [ Cot^2(x) -1 = (Cos^2(x)/Sin^2(x)) - 1 ] [ Cot^2(x) -1 = (Cos^2(x) - Sin^2(x)) /Sin^2(x) ] [ Cot^2(x) -1 = (1 - Sin^2(x) - Sin^2(x)) /Sin^2(x) ] [ Cot^2(x) -1 = (1 - 2*Sin^2(x)) /Sin^2(x) ] Therefore - [ (Cot^2(x) - 1) / Cosec^2(x) = ((1 - 2*Sin^2(x)) /Sin^2(x)) / (1/ Sin^2(x)) ] [ (Cot^2(x) - 1) / Cosec^2(x) = (1 - 2*Sin^2(x))*Sin^2(x) / Sin^2(x) ] [ (Cot^2(x) - 1) / Cosec^2(x) = (1 - 2*Sin^2(x)) ] ---------------------------------------------------------- 12) Reduce (csc^2(x) - sec^2(x)) to an expression containing only tan (x). ANSWER - [ 1/Tan^2(x) - Tan^2(x) ] DERIVATION - [ Tan(x) = Sin(x) / Cos(x) ] [ Csc(x) = 1 / Sin(x) ] [ Sec(x) = 1 / Cos(x) ] [ Sin^2(x) = Tan^2(x) / (1 + Tan^2(x)) ] [ Csc^2(x) - Sec^2(x) = (1 / Sin^2(x)) - (1 / Cos^2(x)) = (Cos^2(x) - Sin^2(x)) / (Sin^2(x)*Cos^2(x)) = (1 - Sin^2(x)/Cos^2(x)) / Sin^2(x) = (1 - Tan^2(x)) / Sin^2(x) = (1 - Tan^2(x)) / (Tan^2(x) / (1 + Tan^2(x))) = (1 - Tan^2(x))*(1 + Tan^2(x)) / Tan^2(x) = (1 - Tan^4(x)) / Tan^2(x) = 1 / Tan^2(x) - Tan^2(x) ] ---------------------------------------------------------- 13) verify the following identities. a) [ (sin^2(B) -Cos^2(B)) = 2*Sin^2(B) - 1 ] ANSWER - [ Sin^2(B) - Cos^(B) = Sin^2(B) - Cos^2(B) + 0 = Sin^2(B) - Cos^2(B) + (Sin^2(B) - Sin^2(B)) = Sin^2(B) + Sin^2(B) - Cos^2(B) - Sin^2(B)) = 2*Sin^2(B) - (Cos^2(B) + Sin^2(B)) = 2*Sin^2(B) - 1 ] where - [ Cos^2(B) + Sin^2(B) = 1 ] b) (1 - Cos^2(y) + Sin^2(y))^2 + 4*Sin^2(y)*Cos^2(y) = 4*Sin^2(y) ANSWER - [ Sin^2(y) + Cos^2(y) = 1 ] [ Cos^2(y) = 1 - Sin^2(y) ] [ (1 - Cos^2(y) + Sin^2(y))^2 + 4*Sin^2(y)*Cos^2(y) = (1 - (1 - Sin^2(y)) + Sin^2(y))^2 + 4*Sin^2(y)*(1 - Sin^2(y)) = (1 - 1 + Sin^2(y)) + Sin^2(y))^2 + 4*Sin^2(y)*(1 - Sin^2(y)) = (2*Sin^2(y))^2 + 4*Sin^2(y) - 4*Sin^4(y) = 4*Sin^4(y) + 4*Sin^2(y) - 4*Sin^4(y) = 4*Sin^2(y) + (4*Sin^4(y) - 4*Sin^4(y)) = 4*Sin^2(y) ] c) Tan^2(A)*Sec^2(A) - Sec^2(A) + 1 = Tan^4(A) ANSWER - [ Sin^2(A) + Cos^2(A) = 1 ] [ Cos^2(A) = 1 - Sin^2(A) ] [ Sin^2(A) = 1 - Cos^2(A) ] [ Tan(A) = Sin(A) / Cos(A) ] [ Sec(A) = 1 / Cos(A) ] [ Tan^2(A)*Sec^2(A) - Sec^2(A) + 1 = (Sin^2(A) / Cos^2(A))*(1 / Cos^2(A)) - (1 / Cos^2(A)) + 1 = (Sin^2(A) / Cos^4(A)) - (1 / Cos^2(A)) + 1 = (Sin^2(A) / Cos^4(A)) - (Cos^2(A) / Cos^4(A)) + 1 = (Sin^2(A) / Cos^4(A)) - (Cos^2(A) / Cos^4(A)) + (Cos^4(A) / Cos^4(A)) = (Sin^2(A) - Cos^2(A) + Cos^4(A)) / Cos^4(A) = ((1 - Cos^2(A)) - Cos^2(A) + Cos^4(A)) / Cos^4(A) = (1 - 2*Cos^2(A) + Cos^4(A)) / Cos^4(A) = (1 - 2*Cos^2(A) + (Cos^2(A))^2) / Cos^4(A) = (1 - 2*Cos^2(A) + (1 - Sin^2(A))^2) / Cos^4(A) = (1 - 2*Cos^2(A) + 1 - 2*Sin^2(A) + Sin^4(A)) / Cos^4(A) = (2 - 2*Cos^2(A) - 2*Sin^2(A) + Sin^4(A)) / Cos^4(A) = (2*(1 - (Cos^2(A) + Sin^2(A)) + Sin^4(A)) / Cos^4(A) = (2*(1 - 1) + Sin^4(A)) / Cos^4(A) = (2*(0) + Sin^4(A)) / Cos^4(A) = Sin^4(A) / Cos^4(A) = Tan^4(A) ] d) Sin(A) / Csc(A) + Cos(A) / Sec(A) = 1 ANSWER - [ Csc(A) = 1 / Sin(A) ] [ Sec(A) = 1 / Cos(A) ] [ Sin(A) / Csc(A) + Cos(A) / Sec(A) = Sin(A)*Sin(A) + Cos(A)*Cos(A) = Sin^2(A) + Cos^2(A) = 1 ] e) Sin(x)*Tan^2(x)*Cot^3(x) = Cos(x) ANSWER - [ Tan(x) = Sin(x) / Cos(x) ] [ Cot(x) = 1 / Tan(x) = Cos(x) / Sin(x) ] [ Sin(x)*Tan^2(x)*Cot^3(x) = Sin(x)*(Sin^2(x) / Cos^2(x))*(Cos^3(x) / Sin^3(x)) = (Sin^3(x)*Cos^3(x)) / (Sin^3(x)*Cos^2(x)) = Cos^3(x) / Cos^2(x) = Cos(x) ] f) Sec^2(X) / (Sec^2(X) - 1) = Csc^2(X) ANSWER - [ Csc(X) = 1 / Sin(X) ] [ Sec(X) = 1 / Cos(X) ] [ Sec^2(X) / (Sec^2(X) - 1) = (1 / Cos^2(X)) / (1 / Cos^2(X) - 1) = (1 / Cos^2(X)) / ((1 - Cos^2(X)) / Cos^2(X)) = (1 / Cos^2(X)) / (Sin^2(X) / Cos^2(X)) = (Cos^2(X) / (Cos^2(X)*Sin^2(X)) = 1 / Sin^2(X) = Csc^2(X) ] If I got some questions wrong please tell me what I topics should I study more

anyone?

To start with I don't have any knowledge in computer programming so basically I'm an idiot in this field. I'm planning to actually create a 3D MMOFPS like "Infestation: Survival Stories" and so I bought a Unity Pro 4.0 since it is supposedly ranked #4 as one of the best engines however, it still requires script writing. What kind of programming language is the easiest to for me learn? and the best to learn Game Programming?