Esrevinu

As a High school student, its unlikely you know what you want your career to be. Clearly, you are interested in neuroscience. Get a bachelor's degree in physics, or chemistry, and explore a lot of biology. You'll iron out your goals and interests during the 4 years of bachelors

Well, if its undergoing a michael reaction, that means the beta of the alpha beta unsaturated bond is being attacked by a nucleophile. and if 1-pyrrolidinocyclohexene is the nucleophile, your limited to a secondary carbanion, a tertiary carbanion, or a ring bound nitrogen attached to a cyclohexene. Take your pick.

Protein domains are portions of the protein that are structurally stable by themselves.... that is, without the rest of the protein. They are conserved through evolution because they perform an important task. Proteins can be one polypeptide chain (monomeric), two polypeptide chains (dimeric), etc. A domain can be within a single peptide chain (subunit) or it can encompass more than one subunit, so do not confuse subunit with domain, since domain is based on preservation and function, and "stand alone" stability. Different subunits can be associated through different interactions, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, disulfide bridges, etc.

Heres some things to keep in mind: Enzymes do not change the overall delta G of the reaction. They can lower the activation energy, either by stabilizing the transition state, or destabilizing the ground state. Review what makes a reaction spontaneous, endergonic, and exergonic. Review the induced fit hypothesis and transition state analogs. Review enzyme mechanisms. Is covalent catalysis precluded? Look at chymotrypsin and decide. What about cofactors? You have more wrong answers than right answers, but the way these questions are worded, are really testing your understanding

Yes, if there is no physical contact between the pilus and the F- bacteria, the the DNA will not transfer. There is experimental evidence however, that suggests DNA is not traveling through the pilus itself, but that if there is no physical contact with the pilus and f- bacteria, there is no genetic exchange. The exact mechanism of genetic exchange is not known at this time.

I'm sorry, I only read the first page, but the answer is pretty simple... It would be impossible to censor this knowledge on the internet in any sort of reasonable way. If you are studious, you can have more than enough knowledge to build a bomb after taking general chemistry and organic chemistry. Should we eliminate free online knowledge of chemistry? Sure, howtobuildabomb.com could be censored, but then, all they have to do is learn the old fashioned way.

In theory, yes you can transfer the entire genome, and its been done. Most often, only a portion of the genome gets transferred probably due to physical disruption sensitivity of the pilus/bridge (but work supports the idea that DNA does not travel through the pilus, but the physical connection is necessary for transfer). This is why its great for mapping/linkage analysis. I'm sure wikipedia said all this as well though...

A good place to start would be to look up the pH of these solutions, look up ka/pka values, look at their positions on the periodic table, and historical observations (text book perhaps?). I'm guessing the answers your teacher/professor will be looking for are things like color changes, phase changes, formation of precipitate, bubbling etc. Read your lab book/text book carefully keeping in mind the things I've mentioned.... I'm not getting more specific, not because I'm a jerk, but because I'd have to do what I've described above to figure it out, and its not my homework

It is believed that the F plasmid carries the genes responsible for conjugation/formation of the pilus, however it won't conjugate with bacteria that already have the F plasmid. One must be a donor, and one must be a receiver. The donor has the F plasmid, while the receiver does not. If a large portion of your bacteria already have the F-plasmid, there will not be a large percent of conjugation. More information about what you did (experimental set up, strains used, plasmids, etc) would be useful. Were you looking for Hfr? Regular F+? Etc...

I see the OP's point when he/she says it is unenforceable, although I do not agree. Taking examples of when people have been arrested for underage drinking is not proof that it is widely enforceable (although I believe this law is certainly enforceable). For example: internet "piracy." People have been fined hundreds of thousands of dollars for internet piracy, but the law as a whole, is largely unenforceable without a huge invasion of everyone's personal privacy. However, underage drinking is definitely a law that is enforceable, IMO. I don't feel strongly about moving the age limit for the reasons to OP mentioned earlier.... a bar is not really a "safe place" just as an ally is not. It all depends on the location. Same with how it is enforced. Some places are more strict than other places. I was drinking at a bar when I was 16 (in the US after the drinking age was already 21) and I by no means look old for my age. The bar was owned by a cop. It was no coincidence that was the only bar around that didn't get busted for underage drinking.... until a few years ago (I'm in my mid 20's now) when the FBI came down on the PD. What is much more important is proper drug education. Its terrible here in the US. They try to teach "drug abstinence," which just like sexual abstinence is an ineffective method.