Styrge

After a month of searching I couldn't find Der Natur in English. So here is Finnish version, but you can see the point underlined: uranium fission produces 5 neutrons and so produces the depicted chain reaction in bomb conditions: Meanwhile I made an international version of my revolutionary ionization measurement video:

I appreciate the details Both unstable and over twenty neutrons disappear in every product scenario. Fission produces also three doughter nuclides every now and then, with even lower neutron/proton ratio. These minorities are good to point out. I didn't know delayed neutrons are counted in. Any source for this? Fritz Kahn had this number 5 in his book. (Couldn't find english title, something like Der Natur). There I think the delayed ones could be part of, on top of spallation. This launched the idea to reconcider what's going on in nuclear reactor. Good try but different energies exist all the time and only that matters is how much of converts from a form to another. Also scale is too small (the nucleus itself is 10^-14m), should be Å. How much escapes in the form of radiation to be exact. Neutrinos are sure to get out and they receive 5% of the energy. Then comes gamma and neutrons which are not much held by the reactor. I have to check the amount. It totals at least to 5% of the reactor power. And good point with the efficiency thing: 30% electricity, 60% heat, 10% radiation. And this would give the rule of thumb that a reactor releases radiation 1/3 from the amount of electricity. Sounds better?

Spallation reactions One uranium fission is said to produce 2,5 neutrons. But third of the energy from a nuclear reactor comes from plutonium fission, each atom releasing 3,5 neutrons. Also an uranium nucleus can spray a whole bunch of neutrons if it's shattared by 20 MeV energy income. Daughter nucleii are releasing their share also, called delayed neutrons and that causes the famous unlinear power output of a reactor. Total average comes up to 5 neutrons per fission reaction as mentioned in earlier literature. That's double to what is being claimed today. Then let's have a look at the nuclear chart. If U-235 with 92 protons and 1,6 times more neutrons is mathematicly split in half we have two palladium nucleii having 46 protons but only 1,3 times more neutrons. From 146 neutron amount the fission products can hold only 120 so over twenty is getting lost. What the heck is going on? I've been already used to that most of the information related to nuclear power is false. The field of nuclear physics has been purposely distorted not to show the inevitable harm deriving from the use of fission reactors. I'm talking about the neutron flux to the environment resulting in growth in background radiation; from natural level it has multiplied globally and growth is exponential. But let's not get too much ahead. Neutron spallation takes 10 - 15 MeV of energy and in theory the whole 200 MeV from splitting uranium could be spent stripping out those twenty neutrons. Coinsidence? Modern literature avoids the issue by sayin that over 80% of that energy would be used to move particles. Neutrons? Not solely, no, but it starts to be obvious how nuclear reactor acts as a significant neutron source. The figures are surprising even to me! A good rule of thumb is that a fission reactor produces radiation as much as electricity. 1000 MW from a 1000 MW unit. So besides neutrinos and gamma, neutrons spray out with hundreds of megawatts. Another approach is to look at the weight: 1 GW plant has 100 tons of fuel in it. 1 kg from that turns insto energy. It's important to know, IAEA is keeping track jelaously not a gram is missing from the world supply. Or so they think... First estimate is that plutonium releases again the neutron used to make it. So we can concentrate on the 3,5% part of the 100 ton load undergoing uranium fission. 23 neutrons spallate somewhere during the procedure, 10 % mass is lost! That makes 350 kg from the total fuel load. Of course this is a theoretical maximum but we are still talking about a hundred kilo error in the book keeping! Global total loss with 440 reactors: 50 t every year. As 10 kg of reactor plutonium is enought for a bomb we realize why these miscalculations are not told to the public. How is nuclear industry able to cover this up? Obscuring, constraining... Actually it was commonly known for example among TVO:s workers that uranium "mystically" disappeared every year on a hundred kilos scale. But because only one or two specialists were hired to officially do the counting this information was not shouted on the hills. Correspondents were muted by the typical silencing atmosphere. And as figures are already falsified, it is an irresistible chance for some international black market with nuke material more valuable than gold. IAEA has been taking advantage of this briskly. When I told about this kind of slice in state economy, the next day I experienced online censorship like never seen before! That hit a spot of almost unreal delicasy, huh? Neutron enbrittlement is yet one indicator of the uncontrollable neutron flux. How machinery malfunctions hastely is typical to nuclear power plants. Everything from mechanical parts to vital security systems are breaking up in no time. For example a tight fit swells stuck after absorbing some extra mass. Even the reactor vessel gets brittle like glass during it's 25 year lifetime in neutron bombardment. It only takes 2-5 years for shields and walls to suck up all neutrons they can and after this saturation almost all of them are escaping further and further into our biosphere. As they penetrate even a meter of steel easily, a 10 - 20 cm layer covering the reactor has little effect to begin with. Measuring neutrons with wide energy spectrum is difficult some being "too slow" to detect but intense calculations are made to predict their behaviour inside the reactor. Well, outside on the other hand or for personnell dosage tracking this is not even allowed! And on top of that, deuterium values or similiar neutron carriers are missing from the radiation protection reports, how convenient. Closing paragraph is that neutrons thus released either decay with beta radiation or turn substances into radioactive isotopes. It is purposely done not too many people knowing, but those who do baldly let the background radiation increase. When the effects start to show, it takes thousands of years to go back, situation is constant and cumulative in human pespective. This issue has to become publick and how fast we must stop produsing artificial radioactivity must be researched for our own survival.

I don't bother pondering explanations to those as they are minor compared to the two days with high values. For that the only reasonable cause is that one gigawatt ionizer! To measure ionization, wind had to be a bit downwards also. Not too common conditions but previous test showed that it happens. Gamma can be registered from skies. A very interesting curve that is. I'm excited to see radiation effects from the plant with a basic meter (and a lot of averaging) but also unsure how far I can go with the conclusions. So more test results coming some day. What Moontanman said about conspiracy I haven't suggested that more radioactivity is the goal (for population control as foetal mortality comes first, for example). But if that kind of thing is possible, isn't it good if somebody (else) wastes his time checking it out?

Sorry, mindbug. (And I study 60's literature with less sencorship and distortion.) But now I got solid proof for my claims from measurements lasting two weeks. Here you'll see the wind speed from the power plant towards the near by measurement station: This shows current detected by an ion cather (antenna only 5 m above ground, previous measurements have shown this is enough when air currents are descending as they travel from the power plant) and is shown in millivolts. When the value is positive or negative constantly, it can't be random disturbance which you can see varying around +-1 mV: When the spike, electricity from air, is detected, the wind blows from no other direction than where the reactors lay! And the spike, you can imagine it's massive when seen with a standard voltage meter with another lead hanging 5 m above ground and the other grounded. See the setup from this video (no subtitles at this point) where you can also veify the results with your own eyes: All the curves are on this website: http://www.styrge.com/Mittaussarja/english.html For example nice detection of radiation dose-rate correllation to wind too! All this contamination purposely done for profit and power and has to stop in the sake of our biosphere. Before it's too late!

Then, where does the 200 mrem increase come from? Why the effect from radon, for example, has tripled nowadays? Altough it has been taken into account in house design. I see this as a result of human nuclear activity, or a cover-up of human nuclear activity (to make that 0,3% portion look smaller). Maybe even both so actual radiation dose would be even higher. Merged post follows: Consecutive posts merged That slows down more neutrons to cause more fission reactions.

Good thing that most of them are. Then back to proof of increasing background. I give you a picture from UNSCEAR report from 1958: http://www.styrge.com/pic/UNSCEAR_total_natural_dose_58.jpg This verifies that it once was about 100 mrem. Also look at how radiation contribution from nuclear power is exponential: http://www.styrge.com/pic/Environmental_effects_annual_dose.jpg Then there is 1978 value from Finland: http://www.styrge.com/pic/Otavan_ensyklopedia_tausta.jpg This states 2,2 mSv with radon and all, but our current value happens to be 4 mSv!! (You can find 3,7 mSv reading from the year 2006 study in english from http://www.stuk.fi/en_GB/) Shouldn't you do just the opposite? Insanealien: I realize I may be wrong but that should go without saying!

Half-life of a neutron is about 15 minutes. It will also reset every time neutron visits a nucleus. It is indeed attracted by the strong force but still has some kinetic energy to repel it or another neutron out also. This is more likely to happen with already neutron-rich isotopes (and cause saturation behaviour). Ok, I'll mention xenon as one of the reactor generated gases. Half-life 10 hours (Xe-135) or a week (Xe-133). Try ro delay that inside the power plant... Now I found a good graph of the chimney at last, it's from the brochyre about Olkiluoto 3: http://kuvaton.com/k/TFQ.jpg (Ol-3 is the worlds biggest prototype-like pressurized water shit with illegal plutonium yield and should have started already but never will!)

Yes it does. Maybe I don't want to search the net for a ventilation verification (everyone who worked in local nuclear facilities tell it's for air); the claim to use such a big chimney for reactor gases or delay them so they're not active is almost absurd. For example one gas reactor produces is radioactive carbon with 5000 y half-life. The industry doesn't care that it's impossible to operate nuclear reactors without significant activation of the environment. The issue is just obscured.

http://www.styrge.com/pic/Elements_of_nuc_neutron_wavel_1.JPG Nuclear power and the public (By Harry Foreman, University of Minnesota) http://books.google.com/books?id=Ld4U6uZNa44C&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=ventilation+pipe+nuclear+power&source=bl&ots=DqGt0CCvb0&sig=20cfJSKQgDmJt1LqxZNsLyZrnCE&hl=en&ei=3WbOSeSyM9nG-QajxvTUBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result "The gases are then dispersed to the environs through a stack or vent pipe which is generally about twice the height of the nearby buildings." Then about background radiation: http://www.styrge.com/pic/Environmental_effects_tritiumcurve.jpg This indicates that most of the tritium comes from nuclear power, clearly exceeding natural sources. Then compare the 70's natural background of 100 mrem with a more recent "natural" radiation level of 300 mrem: http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/natural.htm Back to the physics section with this thread? To YdoaPs: Plants that are being cooled with sea water which is not evaporated have this separate vent pipe. I'ts combined with the steam tower in the other version.

Those which have water circulation cooling (not the steam tower) have also this "elevated release". Those who work in those kind of plants address it for air. (C'mon, what else?) I think the surveillance data is not public for a good reason. I haven't had access to them. Universities are not allowed to have them. If they proved nothing coming out, they would be released. (Actually, some of it should be public according to our legistlation so at some point I'll get my hands on some of it.)

Here is a ventilation schema stating "elevated release" for air exhaust: http://www.nucleartourist.com/system_images/RBHVAC.gif What would be the other possible uses? Such a massive structure for air is explained if the radiation and ionization output is hazardous.

Not so high... So the technique fails also with this? So, Silex (stated to go commercial 2012 at some point but now I couldn't find that information any more) and apparently the whole uranium into energy industry relied on a bubble. We still have to keep in mind that present enriching systems consume a lot of power (or time) too.

But the way they increase: a distinctive change in the angle at some point. Another mystery is the air ventilation pipe, why so tall if it wasn't exhausting something hazardous? (Like charged nuclei and free neutrons.) This explains the mysterious leukemia cases around nuclear power plants reported from Germany and USA. Also the 1% annual growth in cancer among European youth: http://www.iarc.fr/en/Media-Centre/IARC-Press-Releases/Archives-2006-2004/2004/IARC-study-shows-increasing-Cancer-rates-in-children-in-Europe

Silex-company claims to make good progress with this. Well, companies can't be trusted but generally even exponential amplification can be achieved after inventing the principle... http://www.silex.com.au/

True, but there are other mechanism. Neutron, which is essentially a proton and an electron combined almost cancelling each others charge, can gain energy by rotating faster until releasing half a MeV as a single gamma. Though photonuclear cross-sections are small they exist. It's more descriptive to say nuclei release energy than de-excite after getting out from the nuclear power plant, which is why I started this thread. About the graphs: first one tells about tritium buildup (neutron activation) into the environment near the power plant and the increace in the end suggest more neutrons coming out (or more superheavy water emissions). The leveling off thing in the second was more informative concerning saturation: at some point a steady flow of gamma is recorded from every nuclear facility and I find no other explanation than shielding efficiency reduction to a certain level.

Graviton is not well known enough to determine not to be subjected to boundary conditions. Like infinite virtual energy phenomenon shouldn't be subjected to scale but it seems to do so... Anything new can't appear without some radicality. As this thread was moved to a section to encourage speculation, here comes Casimir as a fundamental phenomenon in the universe: It could be the other way around that Casimir force is responsible for gravity. Graviton would be a special case of photon with an infinite wavelength. Then we need to explain a photon, which kind of particle it would be, as a micromechanical device: a pair of electrons work as mirrors and are bound together by the Casimir effect. No gravitational spacetime curvature is observed and so there is not even TIME inside the Casimir pair called firoton. (This also explains Cooper pair behaviour; how electron pairs turn into bosons and claim other photon characteristics.) Then speed of light is simply determined by background density like for a bubble in water, speed is determined by medium not the object, and the energy would equal the spinning frequency. And why electron would be the universal particle altought anything would survive in a timeless bubble... this is the same queastion as why photons never produce pairs other than electron with it's counterpart.

Ok, photon compression, which I claim to exist is not so common but still possible. A fascinating example extracted from Wikipedia: "Sum-frequency generation (SFG) is an example of a second order non-linear optical process. This phenomenon is based on the annihilation of two input photons at frequencies ω1 and ω2 while, simultaneously, one photon at frequency ω3 is generated." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_frequency_generation Or is it? Wikipedia-article presents a table of radon isotopes with an "excitation energy" column: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon Understanding or even investigating this mechanism seems to be taken as harmful by the nuclear power industry. (I still seek further comprehension.) Yes, Fe-58 seems to have one barn and the chain goes on: Fe-59 (b-) -> Co-59 + n -> Co-60 (b-) -> Ni-60 +n -> Ni-61 +n -> Ni-62 +n -> Ni-63 (n). A bit far feched but nevertheless performs a neutron emission. (K-39 is common in concrete and does this in one step.) I got the point that this shouldn't be a significant phenomenon but saturation can be seen in the radioactive product emission rates: Tritium graph from Olkiluoto indicates neutron saturation: Growth in induced dose rate (however it was measured...) from multiple plants show similiar behaviour and gamma saturation is so far the best explanation:

Calutron used maybe thousand times the energy for the isotope separation process than this. Now when the laser principle has been invented (or invented 50y ago and now commercialized), increacing the flux even many orders of magnitude is almost mechanical development. And for natural uranium this works, some companies intend to use it. So the reason for the State to cut funding from AVLIS research was failure in tapping waste as a source, I guess. Running out of uranium is needed for that hypothesis to be true. This survey done statistically from the total input and output (so far, without future waste management) of closed nuclear power plants can be summed up that the plant itself consumes half of the total energy prodyced: http://www.stormsmith.nl/ I approached this from the atomic scale and got the result that nuclear fuel excavated in present conditions here in Finland produces approximately ten times more energy than producin it. But I didn't consider any other infrastructure. Easy to imagine it to be ten times more also. http://www.styrge.com/Energiatehokkuus.html (I'll translate this at some point) And because Storm-Smith studied power plants that had their fuel coming from much favorable places, present fission power is likely energy negative. Idea to these investigation came from a study which suggested this energy negativity to take place in 2007. It was made in MIT year 1988, but I haven't been able to find it from the net. Maybe this thread resurrected to bring it forth...

Let's just say they wait for a good moment to re-appear after every event. As the radiation energy is stored in the charge of the nucleus it can travel out with the atoms in air. Cold neutrons from the reactor act the same way. Nuclear shell model explains the exited and metastable states. Erosion by either fast or slow neutrons is denied by the Finnish radiation protection officials. Capture with almost immediate or delayed release, why not? Here are some isotopes: N-13, C-14, Si-32, P-32, S-35, Cl-36, Ar-39, K-40, Ca-45, Cr-55, Fe-55.

Photons are forever. No matter how low frequency they travel timeless in space. We are gaining radiation as energy doesn't disappear and single interactions can happen both ways. (Mystery of high energy cosmic rays lightens...) So don't be hasty. Ideas new are mandatory for developing science and the headline told you that you maybe have not encountered these issues, otherwise they won't be obscured. Now to counter criticism. First I meant the ventilation pipe as a way for the radiation to escape. Cooling towers are not used in Finland. But why is a pipe merely for room temperature air as high as hundred meters! In this country the nuclear mafia is so strong that even neutron embrittlement is a taboo. Still almost every part in the nuclear power plant is replaced at some point. Well, as they break paranormally soon. Information comes mainly from Arto Lauri, former nuclear power plant worker who got fired revealing such information. He in turn relies on the nuclear shell model. (Actually checking on it again I noticed even high energy electrons can excite the nucleus!) One could call saturation point the moment when radioactive isotopes in reactor casing, inner shield and outer shield release neutrons at the same rate they are absorbed. As you already mentioned the embrittlement, it's an indication of the same thing! Neutrons altering matter. Radiating a led shield for example reveals similarly how the attenuation decreases and eventyally everything is coming through. Saturation. (Averagely so, actually it can multiply the flux momentarily.)

Background radiation level is constantly increasing mostly because of civilian nuclear power. Radiation is said not to store into matter but actually that is one of the basic attributes of radiation in a frictionless quantum world. Neutron activation is the most straight forward mechanism. Nuclear reactors produce 1,5 excess neutrons per fission which must escape the reactor not to make it over-critical. As an electrically neutral particle neutron penetrates matter easily especially after 30 years (former operation maximum) the structures of a power plant become fully saturated and they pass into the environment. Neutrons that are not absorbed nor traveling through walls must be ventilated out before they burst into proton and electron (and neutrino). It takes about 15 minutes. Intense ionization follows the reaction, so intense it would kill workers if the air flow was stopped for quarter of an hour. That's the reason for a chimney in a nuclear power plant anyway. Saturation occurs with gamma-rays also. Reactor leaks most of the gamma out after just a few years. It is not turned into heat but only with some 1% of it's energy. The rest of witch ionizes and charges atoms. In the charge of any nucleus (expect basic hydrogen) this radiation energy can also travel out from the power plant unnoticed. I also have a web page about this: http://www.styrge.com/English.html Especially interesting is the section with pictures of the colorful consequences from this escaping radiation/ionization: http://www.styrge.com/Betaflare.html

Fission and fusion share the same fundamental problem: neutron flux inevitably increases the background radiation level. This tendency takes place locally and globally and can't continue at the present rate much longer without affecting the biosphere in some catastrophical way.

Why not to try and increase the flux? Why USEC cancelled it's program? It was supposed to be the saviour of nuclear power as it could process nuclear waste into fuel and maybe all the figures and propaganda about fission power were based on that. Now fission doesn't have even a theoretical future. Excavation of uranium is already energy negative. Reason for failure in hyperfine level excitation separation of used nuclear fuel was that isotopes subjected to reactor conditions have charge in their nucleus, enough to mix binding energies. On top of isomers, nuclei can store radiation energy. This obscured issue is in some response of background radiation growth also.