Cancer Research

Question # 3 - so far: . Three mechanisms exist to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs): non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), and homologous recombination. Now - How does BRCA Tumor Suppressor Gene participates in this process?

1. How many different ways a DNA molecule could be altered? 2. How misincorporation of a base is corrected during DNA synthesis? 3. Describe the repair mechanism of DSB (double strand break) and how BRCA TSG participates in this process? 4. What are the error prone enzymes and why they are needed or not needed for DNA repair process? 5. What are the protective measures taken by normal cells to repair altered DNA molecules in a DNA strand? 6. What are the different steps of tumor cell invasion and metastasis? Describe in detail. 7. What are the architecture of cells and other components in a tissue and how cells remain adhered within the tissue? 8. What is EMT and how is it associated with cancer cell invasion? Is this a reversible phenomenon? 9. How extracellular proteases and other stromal factors contribute to tumor invasiveness? 10. How small GTPases regulate cell shape and motility? 11. What are the factors that dictate the organ site for metastasis of a primary tumor? 12. What are the effects of bone metastasis and how osteoblasts and osteoclasts are involved in this process? How cancer cells form bone metastasis?