Hearts

Actually I came across this quite some time back but never really understood why won't it work. Wiki it if you need a memory jog~ anyway quote from wiki and from another site,http://www.elmer.unibas.ch/bm/index.html. I'm not entirely convinced yet though~ I thought thermo's second law don't work on extremely small scales.. can anyone explain the problem wih this motor?

Perhaps it was how they drew atoms in books or show on tv. It was based on a old model if I'm not mistaken, not extremely accurate but good for explaining things. My chem teacher told me that the electrons are not necessarily located in the those fixed orbitals , they just are more probable to be there. Heck the electron of an atom could be halfway across the universe (or maybe I'm exegerating too much?) but it will be extremely unlikely. And yea, not all orbitals are spherical, only the S ones, if I remember. I'm also rusty though, anyone feel free to correct me.

@Horza :Lol, are you seriously asking a 9th grader to invent a new drug? Anyway I hope I'm not too late.. @Danis: I like Horza's idea on green energy. Maybe you can try making a solar cell (there are sites that will show you how, discuss with your teacher and get adult help!) or make a working model of a hydroelectric dam/ wind turbines. (hint: use a dynamo). Then you can discuss the viability of the greener energy of your project. Be warned ! Green energy may not be as green as you think, they all have cons, some of them may actually be far worse than your conventional coal fired plant. Do a little research. Who knows, maybe one day you'll end up doing this branch of science/engineering .

It's okay =) you've been a great help~ Really appreciate your efforts. Thanks. Other than your pressure-meter-at-regular-intervals (I can't believe I didn't think of that ), I also found out that they use a sensitive sound measuring/hearing device to detect underground leaks. Simple concept but I think determining the exact location of the leak depends largely on the skill of the person operating the device. http://www.nrc-cnrc....s/ctus-n40.html A person in my country on average consume around 300 litres of water a day! Source: http://www.competiti...s/mcr05/lee.pdf (pg 6) and the words of my lecturer. Assuming water demand haven't increased significantly for the last 5 years.. Pretty scary when considering that 6 litres of drinking water can keep me hydrated for a few days. Btw, about the size of the project.. The system is to last for around 50 years. Past data year population 1980 3000 1990 5700 2000 6400 2010 9600 The village include few Terrace houses few Semi-D s few Bungalows few Apartments one Mosque one Daily school one Boarding school two Kindergartensfew Shop lots (single-storey) two Petrol station one Wet market one Light industry workshop I haven't actually calculated the water demand yet..I'm sorry for not making clear the size of this project. Hope this gives you a rough idea ~ Going to see a lecturer with actual experience in this later =D Wish me luck~ he can be a little unforgiving sometimes, especially to the ones that did not do their homework.

Forgive me but you haven't mention the reason why canals are preferred. I found out the closest river to the village is 4.6 kilometers away. I don't think it makes economic sense to cordon off that much length of land. (The people here use it to plant paddy/rice). Btw I cant watch the video you linked. My university believes youtube is bad for us.

hmm..okay..thanks for the pointer, but why open air ducts (canals) are used? wouldn't it risk even more contamination? The water recycling part is a good idea.. there are some paddy fields around the village that could use irrigation~ unproductive week anyway, got addicted to Heroes 5, and I suspect that I won't get any reply from 'guys responsible for the water distribution in the state' hmm, underground pipes? They don't interfere with anything above ground cause they are well, underground, but should any of the pipe leak along the way, they will be a pain to detect and replace/repair, especially if something has already been built on top of it. how do they do that anyway? Do they insert some sort of radioactive substance with short half lives and then check with a gieger counter?

source: http://www.nofluorid...nicef_fluor.htm First, list down all the pros and cons of each 'solution-to-the-problem' you find. Next pick the most practical one in terms of effectiveness, cost, availability, speed of treatment... Find out how fluoride reacts with (chemical-u-wanna-use) to form the precipitate.. From your equation balance, determine how much of chemical-u-wanna-use you'll need. check out the section on 'jar test' pg 39, section 3 fluoride reduction here http://www.ijcea.org...s/72-B30028.pdf the rest were 'too long didn't read' for me though.

out of topic but I don't understand why would anyone consume gold..? It shouldn't be tasty..should it?

Michel: Nope, I don't think so. Not this particular one anyway. Anyway it's a she and she's not a professor yet, still studying for it I think. Sent an email to the guys responsible for the water distribution in the state. Still awaiting reply. Meanwhile I'm googling stuff here and there~ I dread calculating head loss. Anyway why is political map important? Can we pretend there's no red tape? Captainpanic: about 'overdimensioning', I found.. source : http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/en/piped3.pdf 3. Design and operation of distribution networks 3.2 DESIGN AND OPERATION OF PIPED NETWORKS 3.2.1 Hydraulics second paragraph. source: http://ohioline.osu.edu/b910/b910_13.html Thx for the replies..it helped to get the ball rolling

The full question~ WATER SUPPLYFOR THE PROPOSE HOUSING AND PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN PAUH, PERLIS 1. Introduction As engineer in the consultantfirm, your group are assigning to design a water supply system for the proposedhousing and public development project in Pauh, Perlis. 2. Scope of Work The scope of work shallcomprise the following; (a) ProjectDescription (b) Populationprojection © Computationof water demand (d) ProposeWater Intake Collection and Water Intake Structure (e) Determination of Water Quality Index (WQI) (f) Proposeand design water treatment plant (g) Proposewater distribution layout 3. Project Description Shouldincludes; the purpose of design project, study of project area (such as projectlocation and existing environment i.e. land use, topography, geology and meteorology (wind profileand rainfall)) and projectelements (electricity, telecommunication, access road, drainage and sewerage.) 4. Population Projection Previousdata from thepopulation and housing census done by Department of Statistics in Pauh, Perlis isgiven in the following table. Year 1980 1990 2000 2010 Population 3000 5700 6400 9600 Assume the design years of the watersupply scheme. Choose one of the following methods of population projection andestimate your population: i) arithmetic growth ii) geometric growth iii) incremental increase iv) decreasing rate of increase 5. Water Demand The daily water demand for thewhole development is ………….. L/day and is computed based on guideline providedby JBA Perlis: Housing and Public Development People/Unit of Development Water Demand per person (L/capita/day) Total Water Demand (L/day) 1. Terrace house Assume 5 1500 2. Semi-D Assume Assume 2000 3. Bungalow Assume Assume 2000 4. Apartment Assume 5 1500 5. Mosque 1 unit Assume 50 6. Daily school 1 unit 20% per population 50 7. Boarding school 1 unit Assume 250 8. Kindergarten 2 unit 20% per population 30 Total Trade Development Unit of development Water Demand per unit (L/day) Total Water Demand (L/day) 1. Shop lots (single-storey) Assume 2000 2. Petrol station 2 50000 3. Wet market 1 25000 4. Light industry workshop 1 1500 Total 6. Water Demand Fluctuations Average annual demand is not sufficient for design ofwater systems due to water demand fluctuations. Generally, monthly fluctuation is used for design of damand storage tank. Flow of water required during maximum daily demand can beused to design water treatment plant, while flow required at peak hour demandcan be used for design of water distribution system (pumping, service tank,water mains). Given: Maximum daily demand = 180% of annual average demand Maximum weekly demand = 148% of annual average demand Maximum monthly demand = 128% of annual average demand Maximum hourly demand = 150% of maximum daily demand 6. Propose Water Intake Collection and WaterIntake Structure - Type of water collection: justify your selection -Type of water intake structure: justify your selection 7. Determination of Water Quality Water quality studyis an important criterion in the design of water treatment plant. Therefore,each group of student is needed to carry out field work by collecting “river water sample”for the analysis of its waterquality. All the parameters that been selected should can be calculated for the WaterQuality Index (WQI). Therefore, each group of student is required to classifythe water quality level for the selected “river water sample” based on theresult obtained from the WQI. 8. Propose Water Treatment System Prepare a design for the proposed water treatment systemat new housing and public development project in Pauh, Perlis. A design should include an estimate of the flow tobe treated, the water quality of the water, specification of the unit processesto be included in the treatment system, the size of the treatment units (i.e.,dimensions, flow capacities, etc.), and an estimate of the water quality thatwould result from the system. 9. Propose Water DistributionSystem Should includes, description ofmethod and layout water distribution system, description of material used indistribution system and prepare overall layout of water distribution.

Mined some really useful notes from a forgotten part in my computer. Happy @michel123456 : Unfortunately, estimating population growth IS part of the question Predicting water demand due to future development of the area wasn't really asked but the lecturer did mention the importance of it in one of his classes. Estimating the water demand has been taught, but we only know it in theory. The lecturer will give us the data soon. The business aspect of it is something I don't want to go into either (and it's not asked anyway). Had a brief course on engineering entrepreneurship back a while ago, but due to general disinterest in the subject, I came away with nothing more than a slide show and format for a business plan. @CaptainPanic : Due to the little resource we have (Google and books from the library we hardly understand), We are allowed to make some of the data up. It must be believable though. Here's a map of the area. A, (kampung ulu pauh) is the village we want to provide water for. The river doesn't look feasible from here, too many obstacles. The lake though..hmm..wad do u think? Anyway I think the village should already has its own water supply and distribution system and I'm still looking it up. Nothing relevant appeared yet though.

I think I'll start with estimating the water demand first~ how would I know if the population growth follows an arithmetic or a geometric progression? (I can get past data, not much of it though,) and If I want the system to last for a long time, how far ahead can I safely predict the numbers? I have to leave room for possible development of the area in the future too. How can I do this practically? Did try googling them, but only very simple cases (involves nothing more than just plugging numbers into the equation) turned up.

For our assignment, we have to design a system that will draw water from a source, calculate it's quality, treat it and then distribute it. I'm not really sure where to start or what to do and would really appreciate guidance on what to do.

... I would suggest you try googling it first.

hmm... got some digesting to do~

Hmm, now I think that most, if not all of our definitions (of anything) are just expressions of it in other terms. And since concepts like time, space, matter and energy are so fundamental in nature that expressing them in other terms (defining it) is impossible. But if there are no proper way of telling what they really are, how come there are so much physics revolving these concepts?

Hmm, @mr skeptic: I can't help but feel that your definition of space is akin to defining time as.... I probably misunderstood~

ah I see.. is there any formal definition of space? I know not everyone agreed on one for time yet... any useful (beginner-friendly) links on this for me? my physics is kinda rusty. Much appreciated and thanks

Why isn't time considered another dimension of space?

Actually I think he meant ships( that travel on water). The term (air)plane is more commonly used nowadays (at least, in my environment)~ I did hear about disappearing planes~ which disappear without even trying to radio for help...spooky Anyway~ back to topic please. @dragonstar: Shaping the pipe like a funnel sounds a lil impratical to me. Are there people already doing this?

If everything must have a beginning, then all beginnings should have beginnings. It means at one point before the beginnings of beginnings, there are no beginnings? Paradoxical. Anyway back to topic, First law of thermodynamics. It is not known, nor will it ever be..if the law is actually wrong. Though it has been right so far...and likely to be right all along. Hmm..but one does wonder....

Well, you forgot to add the time factor in~ what if I can plant a tree/ find a viable alternative energy option/save the entire earth from Global warming/etc etc using the time that would otherwise be wasted if I walked to class instead of taking the bus? Co2 is a gas ~ but thats not the point here anyway. Frankly pioneer, the whole point of environmental preservation/ engineering and all related fields is to make our human lives ( and we might as well include the other critters that roam the earth) comfortable and sustainable. We are trying to save ourselves, not the earth. Imagine the earth without us. Even if it spew lava from every pore and its atmosphere is nothing but methane and co2, it would still be perfectly 'natural' and the minerals there wont complain anyway. Back to simpler times eh? well, our population has increased a millionfold since then and not all of us can afford a big enough space for country life now. Contrary to your intuitive, 'efficient life' is better than inefficient life because otherwise we would be wasting energy. Remember energy cannot be destroyed but it only moves one way~ tat is towards increasing entropy, or decreasing 'quality'. So it would be best if we make full use of our energy now before it all becomes useless.

Yes, we can at least avoid them. Anyway, I feel that if we are able to control where the magma will spill out, besides saving human lives and protecting property, we could create new land ( to relieve the population problem). I've heard that the ground near volcanoes are fertile...so if we do it just right, we could also make a few farmers happy, grow more food to feed us overpopulated humans. As for the problem of the melting drill, why not design it to be single use only? I don't imagine it to have much more of a lifespan anyway if its made to do such heavy work. The new fertile land could help justify the economical aspect of this undoubtly expensive project.

My father once told me that fishermen use to tie their boats to poles at high tide. Then at low tide, the weight of the boat(s) will drag the pole down, pushing it into the seabed. They would repeat this process untill the pole got in as deep as they like. Why would they do that? I never asked, prolly so that they have something to tie their boats to or to construct a shaky house/restaurant later on.