Keen

I thought about your question and here is the answer I came up with:

With the data available, I do not think anyone can reliably predict anything, here is why:

There is absolutely no guarantee, that those people will have even closely the same ratio as you listed. K/D ratio depends on a lots and lots of factors and even if it were simpler, a mean value alone is next to useless when you try to make any meaningful predictions in statistics.

It is however even worse, because even if we assume, that those players will have the same ratio as listed, we still can't decide who will win, simply because it depends on how many frags players have. If the guy with the worst ratio has the most frags, your team is pretty much screwed.

To see what I mean, let's take a look at this very simple example:

Imagine a game where a team need 34 kills to win. There are two teams:

Team 1: Tom , Jerry , Spike

Team 2: Garfield , Odie . Jon

Here is what happens in the first match:

Tom kills Garfield 8 times , Jerry kills Odie 8 times , Spike kills Jon 4 times

Garfield kills Tom 16 times , Odie kills Jerry 16 times , Jon kills Spike 2 times

In this example the team 2 wins.

Now let's take a look at a second match:

Tom kills Garfield 2 times , Jerry kills Odie 2 times , Spike kills Jon 30 times

Garfield kills Tom 4 times , Odie kills Jerry 4 times , Jon kills Spike 15 times.

In this second match, it's the team 1, that wins.

In both cases the ratios are:

Tom 0.5 Jerry 0.5 Spike 2

Garfield 2 Odie 2 Jon 0.5

You have the same ratios and yet the outcome is different.

Of course that kind of hypothetical match most likely never happened: I just made it up to show how complicated things can get and why the ratio is clearly not enough to predict the outcome of a match.

It kind of depends on how you measure things, but to keep it simple, yeah a tesseract with 2 inches on each side would have a volume of 16 quadric inches.

How to define volume is quite a large topic in mathematics called measure theory and the most common volume encountered is what is called the Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue measure is what people commonly refer to as "volume" or "area" and can be generalised to any number of dimensions.

I'm not sure you will be satisfied with my answear, but I can give you a proof of why this works.

If you take a general number n, that you want to write in binary, you can write n=2q+r with q being the quotient and r the remainder in division by 2.

Now if you have q in binary, let's say for example it's equal to 10100, then it's very easy to obtain 2q in binary as well, since multiplying by two is simply adding a 0 to the end of the binary notation, so 2q in binary would be 101000. Now you simply have to calculate 2q+r, which is fairly simple and you obtain that n is either 101001 or 101000.

Usually you don't have q in binary, so what you can do is write q=q1*2+r1 with q1 the quotient ad r1 the rest, If you had q1 in binary, you can get q just as easily as before, if you don't, you simply iterate the process. At some point you will get to some quotient which is either 1 or 0, so its binary is known.

The conversion you described above is simply a recursive algorithm , which works, because the quotient is getting smaller and smaller and the fact, that multiplication by 2 in binary simply corresponds to adding 0 to the end.

I'd like to point out, that my knowledge in biology comes almost entirely from high school, so I hope that my question can be answered without getting too technical.

As far as I understand mechanisms of sexual reproduction, it is dependent on chromosomes, which go by pair. Female reproductive cells have half of them and male the other half. However since there are examples of species that have different number of chromosomes and yet share a common ancestor, how does then the creation of a new chromosome work? I understand, that evolution is a long and continuous process, so you can't pinpoint the first member of a new species, but when it comes to something like the number of chromosomes, I don't understand how you can by gradation get from let's say 13 to 14 pairs and if it happens anruptly, then how does the first life form with a different number of chromosomes reproduce?