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james bond

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    questions in embryology

    in Biology

    Posted · Edited by james bond

    These questions are all answered in the links I provided. If you are too lazy to read them there is not much I can do ...

    when the middle ear start shaping & when the External ear end shaping

    sorry but my english is bad

    is the shemale a woman or a male ??is she has XX cromosome but male organs or it is a man look like women ??when and what determine the fetus to be a shemale??

    0

    Questions

    in Evolution, Morphology and Exobiology

    Posted

    1- are the micro & macro evolution the same ?

    does the creationists accepted micro evolution ?

     

    2- is there an examples for natural selection ?

     

    3- how can the wheels evolve from ground species?.. David Berlinski says it needs about 50 000 amendment.. so could that happened?

     

    4-is the mutations based what the organism wants.. I mean, for example, there is light .. How can the organism make an organ that be effected by light ?

     

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    questions in embryology

    in Biology

    Posted · Edited by james bond

     

     

    sorry for the late response

    now.. i need to know when the eyes be completely shaped.. when fetus's eyes be able to see

    when the ears be completely shaped.. and the fetus be able to see ?? ...bones&skin when it be completely shaped?

    is there researches explain the development stages of each organ ? minutely :wacko:

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    questions in embryology

    in Biology

    Posted


    When the sex of the fetus get determined ?


    when the embryo's ear starts to shape ?

    When the embryo is capable hearing ?


    when the embryo's eyes start to shape ?

    When the embryo is capable seeing ?


    when the embryo's bones start to shape ?


    when the embryo's skin starts to shape ?


    ---------

    i need the answers in (days) not in weeks

    like embryo's bones start to shape in the day 13

    not in week 2 -just an example-




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    i need a help about understanding evolution

    in Evolution, Morphology and Exobiology

    Posted

    The second paper, which is unrelated to the first (which is a science news article) refers to a specific question. What is the time frame to have one binding site for a regulatory protein vanish and a new one rise. This is not about getting and fixing two mutations arbitrary mutations. The authors calculate a number of scenarios including types of selection. What they find specifically for humans is that the rise of a new binding sites takes about 60k years but that a coordinated mutation (one turning on and one turning off a binding site) is unlikely to occur (because of the long time frame needed).

     

    The quote does not really accurately reflect the paper and all (and cites the wrong year). Which I presume is source of the misunderstanding. It also should be noted that the paper specifically argues against errors of intelligent design proponents, which makes it even worse to misquote them.

    thanks

    How is the similarity calculation here?

     

    here..Chimpanzees are 96% to 98% similar to humans

    http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020730.html

     

    here.. Similarity between human and mouse is 75%

    http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.100

     

    here.. Similarity between human and mouse is 90%

    http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10005831

     

    here.. Similarity between human and mouse is 99%

    ==================
    i need to know how they calculate the similarity !!
    why in human is 98 .. the mouse is 99
    how they calculate similarity in each link !!
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    i need a help about understanding evolution

    in Evolution, Morphology and Exobiology

    Posted

     

    Thanks, though I'm no expert, and my knowledge is fairly outdated. But from what I gather, in very simple language....

     

    "non-coding regions" have genes that modify how the 'coding' genes work.

     

    In other words....

    Even if (within any given cell) the coding genes are very similar between chimps and humans,

    during development the coding genes are then modified (by the non-coding parts of DNA),

    which changes how the coding genes express ...in phenotype.

    ===

     

    I had also looked briefly at the HAR1 link, which was about something called the Human Accelerated Region! Wow, that still sounds very interesting, and I may follow up if nobody else does. There seem to be lots of good search results, including wikipedia at the top, when I type in: Genetics HAR1.

     

    Almost a decade ago I read about a newly discovered genetic mechanism, for helping promote more of a certain kind of localized and "favorable" mutation, that was found only in humans (and one other primate iirc), and I wonder if this is the same thing. It involved genes in a local region of our genome associated with digestion, so it made sense, since our diets have continued changing so radically over the past 5-10 thousand years. And interestingly, certain genes associated with autism are located in the same region as these digestive genes (or might even be the same 'digestive' genes, but also used later in development during brain formation), which could help explain some things about autism, but which would also be an example of one possible "non-coding" modification.

    ===

     

    But just the fact that there is something called the Human Accelerated Region, which applies to those "98% the same" genes,

    should show how we can now be very different from chimps,

    even starting with the same basic toolbox, or artist's palette, of genes.

     

    ~ ;)

    thanks ^_^

     

    how can mutations make us evolve if asingle mutation take that time ?

     

    In a paper for DURRETT R, SCHMIDT D, which was published in 2007 in the journal Genetics in order to reach conclusions about the theory of the average time required to install the mutations within the total population of the kind of neighborhoods through calculations and computer simulation models.

    DURRETT, SCHMIDT found that the period of time necessary to install only a single mutation in the ancestral primate is six million years. And getting only two mutations Thbytha through Darwinian evolution "for humans is 100 million years old."
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    i need a help about understanding evolution

    in Evolution, Morphology and Exobiology

    Posted

     

    You found different percent numbers, because you were reading about different kinds of similarity.

    ===

     

     

    In the first link from your OP, they talk about two kinds of similarity: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2049197/

    ...where they describe "overall sequence" and "alternative exons" as having different percentages.

     

     

    So while they agree that "overall" (for the coding regions!!!) chimps and humans are "98%-99%" identical,

    there are many other ways to look at the genome, such as the non-coding regions, or the "alternative exons," which they mention, or the introns, or the InDels, or the transposons, etc., within the genome.

    With these different ways to compare the similarity between chimps and humans, there seem to be more differences.

    ===

     

     

    Where they say:

    They point out two different ways ("alternative splicing" & "transcriptional regulation") that the same genes can be rearranged and made to work differently.

     

    ...like two books could have 98% the same words, but if the words are arranged differently, then each book would tell a different story.

    ===

     

    But I can see why, if you don't fully understand the context for these percentages you find in different articles, that it would be hard to see why the numbers are different.

     

    Feel free to keep asking, if something is confusing, especially if you find a specific question or possible contradiction.

     

    ~ :)

     

    thanks .. i got it now

    i want to know .. what is the non-coding regions ??

    i hope you help me with rest of my quotes

     

    1

    i need a help about understanding evolution

    in Evolution, Morphology and Exobiology

    Posted

     

    The website may not be actively updated any more (I don't know) but all the information is still relevant.

     

    But there are plenty of good popular books on evolution out there (I read The Blind Watchmaker years ago and it was pretty good).

     

    Your questions on genetics cover some quite advanced stuff (well, beyond me, anyway) - I would get an understanding of the basics first. I imagine the difference in the figures quoted is mainly due to them measuring different things. In other words, what does "similarities between humans and chimpanzees" mean? There are many ways this could be measured and they will give different results. But, not surprisingly, they are all consistent with evolution.

    is there no specialist in biology in the forum ... i have questions about Complexity reductionist

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    i need a help about understanding evolution

    in Evolution, Morphology and Exobiology

    Posted

    what books can learn about A B .. evolution ?

    what websites give clear information about evolution ?? .. an active websites .. (talkorigin) is some kind old :wacko:

    ..

    i have random questions

    Are the similarities between humans and chimpanzees 98% ؟

     

    What has been compared is selected areas selected by hand and adopted on a similarity For

    (In addition to the mechanism of comparison only relied on the comparison of coding regions (exons
    Which does not represent only a very small region of the genome does not exceed 5% of its size, ignoring the non-encoded regions (splicing
    And also ignored the region surrounding chains non-encoded gene exons within itself
    The belief that those areas are just a scrap genome
    Does not have any value and functionality, but recent studies have come to prove that it is nearly 93% of the genome active and functionally
    And it clearly shows the lack of validity of previous comparisons obvious bias
    Recent studies have expanded and came on larger areas of the genome to prove the opposite claim for less Alchapha ratio to approximately 86% and
    A maximum of similarity between man and Cambanzy difference continues to grow and expand as scientists incursion in careful study
    Also attached to studies

     

    Study says that "23% of our genome," contrasted with the standard between man and ape from Oxford University

    http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/10/2266.full.pdf+html

     

     

    Article by Dr. Richard tingling under chimpanzees address? He says that the genetic similarities between humans and chimpanzees up to 70%

    http://blog.drwile.com/?p=9851

    http://www.refdag.nl/70_chimp_1_295967

     

     

    In another article I found in the December issue of the famous SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN magazine Darwinism 2009, what makes us human WHAT MAKES US HUMAN? The researcher writer article examining succession DNA in a gene called HAR1 and has studied this gene in both human and chimpanzee, chicken, and discovered that the sequence of DNA between chimpanzees and chickens differ only at two out of 118 base while the difference between man up and chimpanzees to 18 Base. This calls into question the significance DNA and its ability to distinguish between different organisms and that it is nothing more than just a series of rules nitrogen does not mean that the size of the human shoe closer to the size of shoe crocodile of size shoe elephant we crocodiles out one these superficial research and quackery in the name of science.

    I10-74-HAR1.jpg

    http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-makes-us-human

     

     

    Similarity between human and chicken more than half of the genes ???

    http://www.genome.gov/12514316

    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/12/041208230523.htm

    If we share half our DNA with bananas, does that make us half banana?

    http://diggingupthefuture.com/2014/01/16/huffington-post-did-first-placental-mammal-live-alongside-dinosaurs-scientists-cant-agree-a-response/

    Rights and fruit flies are similar in more than 60% of the genome ؟؟؟
    About 70% of the common genes between humans and sponges !!!
    The proportion of the genetic similarity between human and mouse 99% !!

     

     

     

    In a paper for DURRETT R, SCHMIDT D, which was published in 2007 in the journal Genetics in order to reach conclusions about the theory of the average time required to install the mutations within the total population of the kind of neighborhoods through calculations and computer simulation models.

    DURRETT, SCHMIDT found that the period of time necessary to install only a single mutation in the ancestral primate is six million years. And getting only two mutations Thbytha through Darwinian evolution "for humans is 100 million years old."

     

    This paper from Los Genetics

    IT’S ONE THING TO EXPLAIN AWAY BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OR CLAIM THAT ANATOMICAL SIMILARITIES REFLECT A NON-EVOLUTIONARY “DESIGN” PATTERN – BUT ANOTHER THING ALTOGETHER TO ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN AWAY WHY HUMANS (AND OTHER PLACENTAL MAMMALS) HAVE(((((( A DEFECTIVE GENE ((((FOR MAKING EGG YOLK IN THE EXACT SPOT IN OUR GENOMES WHERE CHICKENS HAVE THE FUNCTIONAL VERSION OF THIS GENE, AND THAT HUMANS AND CHIMPANZEES )))))SHARE A LARGE NUMBER OF MUTATIONS ((((((IN COMMON IN OUR TWO INACTIVATED COPIES.

     

    IN FACT THERE ARE MUCH MORE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HUMAN AND CHIMP GENOMES. DIFFERENCES THAT MAY “ACTUALLY AFFECT OUR FORMS.” A 2011 PAPER OUT OF CHINA AND CANADA, FOR EXAMPLE, FOUND 60 PROTEIN-CODING GENES IN HUMANS THAT ARE NOT IN THE CHIMP. AND THAT WAS AN EXTREMELY CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE. THEY ACTUALLY FOUND EVIDENCE FOR FAR MORE SUCH GENES, BUT USED CONSERVATIVE FILTERS TO ARRIVE AT 60 UNIQUE GENES. NOT SURPRISINGLY, THE RESEARCH ALSO FOUND EVIDENCE OF FUNCTION, FOR THESE GENES, THAT MAY BE UNIQUE TO HUMANS.
    IF THE PROTEINS ENCODED BY THESE GENES ARE ANYTHING LIKE MOST PROTEINS, THEN THIS FINDING WOULD BE ANOTHER MAJOR PROBLEM FOR EVOLUTIONARY THEORY. ASIDE FROM REBUKING THE EVOLUTIONIST’S VIEW THAT THE HUMAN-CHIMP GENOME DIFFERENCES MUST BE MINOR, 6 MILLION YEARS SIMPLY WOULD NOT BE ENOUGH TIME TO EVOLVE THESE GENES.
    IN FACT, 6 BILLION YEARS WOULD NOT BE ENOUGH TIME. THE EVOLUTION OF A SINGLE NEW PROTEIN, EVEN BY EVOLUTIONISTS’ INCREDIBLY OPTIMISTIC ASSUMPTIONS, IS ASTRONOMICALLY UNLIKELY, EVEN GIVEN THE ENTIRE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE TO WORK ON THE PROBLEM.
    UNFORTUNATELY NONE OF THIS WILL INFLUENCE THE EVOLUTIONIST BECAUSE FOR EVOLUTIONISTS THIS NEVER WAS ABOUT SCIENCE

     

     

     

    Dr. Jerry Bergman, a professor in the College of Northwest Ohio, completed and his team recently

    Doing research on DNA sequences that emphasize seriously questioning the validity of the fusion model and non-occurrence of the foundation
    As research facility
    Finally

    Here the differences and reached 90%

    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121106201124.htm

     

     

     

    I intend to search in evolution .. but .. i want to know if what i quote is false or true .. is it just claims ??

    is there websites answer it ?? .. i hope someone explain what i quote and sorry about weak english

    1

    The heart code

    in Other Sciences

    Posted

    Strange

    i want ofcource to understand them .. But i need the sources to get sure of the information ..ect

     

    Phi for All

    thank you very much

    i understoOd it now

    i want to know this

    what is the special about

    electromagnetic !!!!!

    What penefit she would got of giving false information???

    I dont want to be silly but hope you explain what is the prain in heart for me

    does ir exist in any other6¥1 6¥1part of the body ??6¥06¥1

    0

    The heart code

    in Other Sciences

    Posted

    Guys i want sources of what you are writing

    like .. What prove that heartmaths is fake

    what prove that this is very misleading

    ..ect

     

    Phi for All's post

    i hope u make it clear

    iam not a doctor .. I couldnot understand what you say

    0

    The heart code

    in Other Sciences

    Posted · Edited by james bond

    I want a detailed answer in simple english (uk english) about these answers please

     

    1-what is heartmaths ?? $ is it a science ??

    2-what is the brain in the heart ?? & is it control the the brain and body ?

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17455544

    3-does the heart have any role of thinking ?

     

    please guys take your time answering these questions .. i will be absent for a few days

    0

    The heart code

    in Other Sciences

    Posted

     

    There is nothing there but a title.

    The little brain on the heart.

    The Epoch Times newspaper published an interview with Dr. Rollin McCraty of HeartMath Foundation, which provides treatment for the disease based on the correlation between the mind and the heart, for the idea that the heart can affect the feelings and desires and wisdom.
    0

    The heart code

    in Other Sciences

    Posted

     

    That confirms the suggestion that he made a lot of money from writing books and talking about them. I don't wish to talk badly of the dead, so I will assume he believed the nonsense he pedalled, rather than being deliberately dishonest.

     

    That doesn't mean you have to believe it. You can take a more rational approach and use your God-given intelligence to question the ideas in a scientific manner. Rather than being a gullible fool like all those who bought his books.

    look

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17455544

    0
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