awu

Not sure what kind of living system you are referring to. But then the cells with the plasmids can outcompete the ones without them. Is that right?

Thanks Mordred. Actually I feel good knowing it is such a complicated problem...I thought I was asking a stupid question which everyone else knows the answer. I read some of the text. Of course, there are many concepts and equation I do not understand. But I have the impression that different scientists have different ideas about how to treat the CMB data and what the major cosmological parameters are. For example, (1) some people think the 6 parameters in the lambda CDM model can allow the fitting of data; (2) others say the Friedman universe entirely depend on the 4 parameters: density of radiation, density of matter, density of dark energy and hubble's constant; (3) some others say the anisotropy spectrum depends on the 4 fundamental parameters: curvature, density of baryonic matter, density of dark energy and density of matter. (4) some others present some more parameters which I have not yet looked to see what they are. ...... I do not know if scientists today have a common agreement already. I am confused by how these parameters play in making the curve in the temperature power spectrum, or to say it in a bigger picture, in making up our universe.

Thanks a loooooooooooooooot !!!

There are 6 basic parameters in the Lambda CDM model. Change each of them will make the curve change accordingly. I found some very interesting interactive tool on NASA website: http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/camb_tool/ But I am wondering what are the rules (or mathematical formulas) behind the changes? This my real question.

I am not a physics major, just interested in the discussions about cosmology. But many times get lost in the discussions. Many people show the beautiful fit of the model and the observed CMB power spectrum (~ like the one below copied from Wikipedia). But I can not find the mathematical equation(s) of this best-fit lambda CDM model... Could anyone help??? Thanks a lot!