Is it true that if you can know all outcomes and directions of every atomic particle then you can "predict" the future?

No. You would also have to know the speed in that direction, i.e. the velocity of each particle. Even this modified question would be irrelevant, since it is not possible to know these with precision for even a single particle.

the idea revolved around the thought that if you knew the position of every particle in the universe at any given time, you would be able to predict the future with precision. However the uncertainty principle unfortunately has the better of it and because of quantum physics we supposedly live in an uncertain universe.