Alkyl Chlorides + Conc. Ammonia Sol

[jmarjorie]

Dear All,

 

Are saturated hydrocarbon chloro alkanes ( R - Cl ) eg C10 H20 Cl2 ionic ?

If yes, are they anionic or cationic ?

 

Can concentrated ammonia solution (0.88) be used to react with chloro alkanes,in a polar solvent, at room temperature (25 deg C) ?

 

It does not matter if salts of Primary,Secondary,Tertiary,Quarternary ammonium compounds are formed.

 

Main purpose of this reaction is to "mop up" the unwanted chloro alkane and seperate it as a salt ie. R - NH3 Cl OR R - NH2.HCl

 

Thanks in advance,

 

jmarjorie

[chuinhen]

Alkyl Halides are not ionic compound but Polar molecules

due to the electronegativity of oxygen is higher than the carbon atom .

We can say that it is a covalent with ionic character , but

it is not a totally ionic compound i.e. it can undergo chemical reactions that ionic compound does .

 

 

Yes alkyl halide can react with ammonia .

This is a Nucleophilic substitution .The Halogen atom will be substitute by nucelophile in this reaction .

 

Other nucleophile like water , cyanide ion , hydroxide ion ,

which has lone pair electrons can react with alkyl halides .

 

The product formed depends on the nucleophile.

 

eg. alkyl halides react with ammonia to give you Amine.

 

Unfortunately , certain condition must be fulfilled before the nucleophilic substitution takes place .

 

 

temp : REFLUX

reagent : the alkyl halides must be in the alcohol