STEM Relaunch

[Pivot]

The STEM approach has been extended and re-tweaked to eliminate some mis-statements (but there are probably many still lurking). A summary of the STEM approach is:

STEM proposes a tentative model for the structure of up and down quarks in terms of concentrated energy tori (referred to as CESs or preons), which may or may not need to be modified or replaced further down the track. However, in its current form, this quark structure has led to a structured atomic nucleus that is reflected by the characteristics of element types, and to new consistent explanations for a wide range of topics such as atomic bonding, electromagnetic fields, electricity, light and even Gravity.

SDG has adopted a pragmatic approach to developing STEM. STEM is thus a physical model that has been developed with the specific aim of providing feasible explanations for Science-based observations and experiments, and it will ultimately be judged by how well it can explain about the world around and within us. So, let’s summarise what observations and phenomena for which STEM can provide feasible explanations.

STEM provides explanations related to the following topics:

1.       Nucleon-type conversion (i.e. of neutron ↔ proton conversion), which leads to an explanation of electron capture and beta decay, and their associated by-products (beta radiation and neutrinos).

2.       Carbon-12. Provides two different nucleus structures for carbon-12 that explains the different physical characteristics of the allotropic forms of graphite (and graphene) and diamond.

3.       Detailed true-to-scale models form many atoms. Detailed models provided up to silicon-28, and then for copper, silver and gold; also for important molecules such as hydrogen (both para and ortho forms), and water (including feasible explanations for the bend and stretch of steam molecules and for the hexagonal form of ice crystals).

4.       The different polygonal patterns apparent in hydrocarbons.

5.       The Coulomb barrier and redox reactions (including those appropriate to galvanic and electrolytic cells).

6.       Gravity: an explanation based upon enerspheres that which applies at both the cosmological macro scale and the micro level for objects on Earth. It is conceptually far simpler than the abstract mathematical models involving the warping of space-time.

7.       Electric fields. They are considered to be derived from fundamental particles (e.g. electrons and CESs) and to consist of field-energy that has a circular or vortex-like flow pattern. Electric charge polarity (i.e. negative versus positive) is considered to be determined by the chirality of the field-energy.

8.       Charge carriers: negative and positive charge carriers have the same characteristics as electrons, but have different field-energy chirality. A metal conductor contains an equal number of positive and negative charge carriers that are loosely bound to atoms as ionic orbital electrons.

9.       Magnetic fields: their field-energy has a linear (but not necessarily straight) flow pattern from an energy source (a north pole) to an energy sink (a south pole). The close relationship between electric and magnetic fields, as encapsulated by the term ‘electromagnetic’, occurs because they both consist of the same type of field-energy, but simply with different flow patterns.

10.   Electric currents: defined as the movement of electron-like negative and positive charge carriers in the opposite direction under the influence of an applied or induced emf.

11.   Battery power sources: Galvanic and Electrolytic cells.

12.   Electromagnetic induction; electromagnetic (motor) force.

13.   Eddy currents and the Hall Effect                                                                                            

14.   Static electricity (electrostatic charge).

15.   Capacitors and inductors.

16.   Light (photonic EMR). A feasible explanation for the apparent wave-particle duality of light in terms of Field-Energy Rings (FERs), and for the polarisation effects due to light refraction and reflection. Provides a simple explanation of why a π/2 phase difference between a pair of merged orthogonal PPL rays presents as a LH circular polarised light (CPL), and when the a phase difference is 3*π/2 RH CPL results. It also provides quite a detailed explanation of the formation of optic vortex light (OVL).

17.   Micro and radio waves (non-photonic EMR).

18.   Semiconductors: P-N junctions (diodes), photovoltaic cells, photodiodes and LEDs.

19.   NPN and PNP transistor operation.

The attached pdf file is a reasonably detailed overview of the STEM approach, and it makes reference to the STEM Development Group's three position papers that can be downloaded for more detail if required.

I look forward to discussing STEM in more detail.

689789353_STEMOverviewExtended.pdf

[Pivot]

Looks as if the original uploaded file has been removed (possibly too long @ 61 pages?).

Here is a direct link to download the pdf

Sorry about that: all looked fine after the original post.