Parshotam

In solar panel, solar cells are made of from silicon-based material, when the beams of sunlight strike on photovoltaic cells; the silicon-based material is called semiconductor which converts sunlight to electric energy. Actually, in a solar PV sunlight falls on a thin layer of silicon which dislocates electrons in the thin semiconductor creating a flow of electron (electric current).

I want to ask what is the mechanism of this process ???

Thanks a lot,

In solar panel, solar cells are made of from silicon-based material, when the beams of sunlight strike on photovoltaic cells; the silicon-based material is called semiconductor which converts sunlight to electric energy. Actually, in a solar PV sunlight falls on a thin layer of silicon which dislocates electrons in the thin semiconductor creating a flow of electron (electric current).

I want to ask what is the mechanism of this process ???

Thanks a lot,

please read this, http://www.academia.edu/662030/Room-temperature...


Then watch this, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZMKIfFXw54


Let me know your thoughts on this matter, the goal is the get a higher yield of gold when the reaction is completed. Chloro auric is extremely expensive unless you are in singapore, that is why we need to receive the extremely higher yield. This video shows what we can do with silver but it's a cheap metal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnyBldC4Ra4

Thanks

chemical change is the process it means substance lose their previous properties and new substance is formed with perticuticlar properties.

Yes ,

Thank for so much!

question is that why it is like a rubber in this condition , we know the catenation property of this element , if you know other reason , please share and discuss,

Thank u.

yes it has protective layer of aluminium oxide, but it reacts with other acids like HCl and sulphuric acid.

you want to say that aluminium oxide is unreactive with nirtic acid , WHY ????

[H+] shows the concentration of hydrogen ion.

pH is negative log of hydrogen ion concentration

How does Canadian weather effect Solar Hot-Water systems?

It is very amazing that graphite is non metal but it is used as the best elerode in electrochemical cells. It is just because of one free eletron in its pz orbital.

It means a pencil can behave as an electrode.

ok

If you know ,please let me know .

Thank you.

sorry

Al does not react with nitric acid ??? Reason

Thank you so much.

Please reply , thank you

Chlorine is soluble in water (which solution is called Chlorine Water) and this loses its yellow colour on standing in sunlight, due to the formation of a mixture of Hypochlorous Acid and Hydrochloric Acid.

Cl2 + H2O ==> HOCl + HCl

I simply ask what is the oxiation states of chlorine in both compounds ? , chlorine is oxidized as well as reduced, i.e + 1 and -1

This is correct formula to culclate the pH of the solution.

pH= - log ( H^₊)

Atomic hydrogen is used to produce atomic hydrogen torch to attain the temperature of 4000 – 5000⁰C which is employed in welding aluminum alloys, high chromium and nickel steels. It is based on the fact that when a jet of hydrogen is passed through an electric arc set up between the tungsten rods atomic hydrogen is produced which at once recombine to give a flame having a temperature between 4000 – 5000⁰C. The heat is not producing by burning of hydrogen but from recombination of hydrogen atoms.

H + H → H₂ + 104 K.cal/mole

Ordinary hydrogen exists as diatomic molecule (H₂), therefore, it is also called as molecular hydrogen. The two atoms in a molecule of hydrogen are held together by a shared pair of electrons known as covalent bond having very high bond energy (104 K.cal/mole). The molecules are very stable and dissociate into atoms under extreme conditions. The product obtained as a result of dissociation of molecular hydrogen is known as atomic hydrogen. These atoms have very short life and quickly combine together to form molecules again.

The hydrogen set free at the time of its preparation from its compounds is also in atom from and is commonly known nascent hydrogen. The newly born hydrogen is in atomic form that is why it is called nascent hydrogen.

pH plays essential role in the field of chemistry as well as biology. Other areas in which pH information and control is necessary, including water treatment, soil conditioning, swimming pool managements, corrosion control, food processing and electroplating.

For example: The pH of human blood is normally maintained by the body between 7.35 and 7.45. If the pH drops to 7, as in the illness, the patient may go into coma, if the pH drops to below 6, death may occur. pH rises as high as 7.7 or 7.8 causes diabetes excess vomiting, diarrhea.

The soil having pH above 10 or below is sterile.

The chemical compound which conducts electricity in the molten condition or through its aqueous solution with chemical change is called an electrolyte. All the mineral acids, bases and salts are electrolytes in aqueous solutions or molten state. HCl, H₂SO₄, NaOH, CuSO₄ etc, are electrolytes. Electrolyte is an ionic compound.

Non-Electrolytes is the compound which do not conduct electricity in molten or in aqueous solutions are non-electrolytes; such as sugar, petrol, benzene etc. Non-Electrolyte is a pure covalent compound.

Chlorine reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid. In this reaction, chlorine oxidizes as well reduces hence it is known as self or auto oxidation-reduction reaction.

Cl₂ + H₂O → HCl + HOCl

Solution of chlorine in water is strong oxidizing agent and in this solution HOCl usually acts as oxidizing agent. This is because in HOCl, chlorine has an oxidation number is +1 and has a strong attraction for electrons. The bleaching action of chlorine is also due to same reason, i.e first of all chlorine forms hypochlorous acid ( HOCl ) with water which then oxidizes coloured compound.

48 KNO₃ + 5 C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ → 24K₂CO₃ + 36 CO₂ + 55 H₂O + 24 N₂.

Formula of sugar or molasses is same , this is the balanced chemical equation.

Sulphuric acid is very important chemical compound and used in mostly al the indutries. it is used in the manufacturing of fertilizers just like supper phosphate and ammonium nitrate, as well as rayon and plastics. It is also used in the production of HCl and HF and in pickling of steel. It is also used in the preparation of detergents. It is the one of the best dehydrating, nitrating and drying agent. That is way it is called king of compond.

When molten sulphur is heated up to boiling and then poured with a thin stream into cold water, it turns into elastic rubber like material which is called plastic sulphur. It is soft, sticky rubber like material. It on standing, is converted into opaque brittle sold containing some rhombic sulphur.

The plastic sulphur is composed of long chins of sulphur atoms coiled up. The elasticity is due to uncoiling of long sulphur chains and then recoiling of chains by release of tension ( stress ).

A mixture containg 1 part by volume of HNO3 ( conc ) and 3 parts by volume of HCl is called agua regia which means royal water. It can dissolve gold and other noble metals due to liberation of chlorine. It forms Hydroauric chloride.