Nashyboyo
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Posts posted by Nashyboyo
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yes but on ncbi
there is a better diagram and more detail
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I've been trying hard to remember a lecture I had about 1.5 years ago. My lecturer displayed a page on NCBI about pan troglodyte chromosomes and a certain chromosome which possessed almost complete identity to the homosapien kind. The page specifically compared both chromosomes but I can't find it for the life of me.
Can anyone help ?
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this news is quite old
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haemophylics need factor VIII i think not VII
large scale insulin production is produced in animal milk, i forget which one
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here's some speculation
what if his technology consists of an electrical current which stabilises the highly negative HHO molecules. that would favour its formation and maintain its existence as a higher (than H20) energy compound.
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i think it basically means the consequence of that amino acid alteration. that's the only meaning i can get out of the context. the topic is on diseases associated with mutation so it would make sense, but i can't be sure.
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Quote: "Could virusses in fact originate in certain animals
and be manufactured as say perhaps, lymphocytes or other products of an animals immune system"
i don't get it ?
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ah yeah. i was pretty stoned when i wrote that
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Carbonic anhydrase catalyses the reaction of CO2 with H2O to form H2CO3.
The second reaction doesnt require catalysis to my knowledge.
the reaction is in equilibrium so the same enzyme catalyses both the forward and backward reactions. i'm pretty sure that the enzyme catalyses both reactions 1 and 2.
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the DNA markers present in both kids parental chromosomes and both kids maternal chromosomes are 99.999% likely to be the same as the father and mother respectively but the brothers and sisters have equal DNA sequences to each other. so it wouldn't be possible to determine which is which without looking at the physical traits and phenotypes of each of the family histories and comparing them to physical traits and phenotypes in each child.
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Down syndrome is characterized by a specific phenotype including subfertility or sterility and hypogonadism in males. In contrast, several females with Down syndrome have borne offspring. Here, a male with trisomy 21 fathering an infant is described. This observation is verified by serological markers, DNA fingerprinting using different DNA micro- or minisatellites and andrological investigations.
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The CF gene, named the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), is located on chromosome 7 and composed of 27 exons.
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Just out of interest
Which restriction enzyme was it ? Why do you want to put it into a eukaryotic cell ? There are restriction enzyme properties in many proteins present in the eukaryotic nucleus!
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You said:
"enzymezes receptors have L-AAs only, but for another molecule of same class[ eg. carbohydrates]"
What class would that be ?
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There are different isoforms of carbohydrate/lipid. The diversity of molecules between carbohydrate molecules is much higher than diversity between protein molecules. It is thought that protein was chosen as the product of the central dogma (DNA-->RNA-->Protein) because of its appropriate properties compared to the properties inherent in carbohydrate polymers.
A protein only contains one isoform of amino acid per polymer. Humans are multicellular organisms derived from a zygote. Assuming you know about mitosis the cells we are composed from thus come from a single cell. Therefore every nucleated cell in our body contains the same DNA sequence and generates the same protein molecules all consisting of one isoform of amino acid.
You said:
"how much is it for other biomolecules...Are there diff. enzymes/ pumps for them?"
My answer:
???????????????????????????
I think i've answered something...
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this is absurd. it won't work. your understanding of how the body works is way to general. a pill would be a much better idea and their already doing research on that.
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proteins synthesis can't make a polypeptide with a mixture of both isomers of amino acids. evolution chose one and stuck with it.
carbohydrate moieties, found on proteins, are attached using a different method, and are not directly determined by DNA sequences. therefore the limitations in protein synthesis are not apparent in post-translational modifications (carbohydrate moiety attachment) and what not. The construction of the moiety results from a series of biochemical reactions and therefore the formation of isomers.
an example of the presence of alpha and beta sugars is starch and cellulose.
i don't really know if this answers your question, and i don't really know what your asking about
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The brain is so complex that we haven't even began to scratch the surface of truly how it functions. But no, atoms can be arrainged in certain ways to make up a mosaic of basic signals, but they do not store memory.
i'm afraid atoms do store memory
a particular protein can be triggered to autophosphorylate itself for a certain amount of time. the time the molecule remains phosphorylated and therefore active is proportional to the stimulus rate, therefore acting as memory.
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That wasn't so hard.
Here is another example of the cell going to a great deal of trouble to put a methyl group on the C-5 of uracil. It is a major energy-requiring process that needs a very special enzyme and vitamin cofactors in order to occur (thymidylate synthetase). The reason is not' date=' however, all that obvious unless you step back and look at the chemical reactivity of the bases. The amino group on cytosine is somewhat vulnerable; under even physiological conditions, cytosine residues will undergo a small but finite deamination reaction. The result, of course, is to convert C to U. This means that a measurable population of RNA molecules have defects; but since several RNA molecules can be made from one template and the probability that a large fraction will have that defect is very small, the net effect is negligible. But if that happened in DNA, it would result in a permanent, heritable change in the genome, since there is but one copy of it. Indeed, the cell takes this seriously enough to have evolved a repair system that hunts out any uracil in the DNA and replaces it with the base dictated by the complementary strand. Pretty neat! [/i']
Taken from http://uhura.rpc.msoe.edu/sepa/preview/sec4/4-20.htm
This is simply a repair mechanism. The reason RNA is RNA is because the recruitment of uracil as a complementary base during transcription is thermodynamically favorable when catalysed by RNA polymerase. Sidenote: There is evidence to suggest that RNA was around before DNA.
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It does? I must have miss-understoood the informaiton given in my textbook then.
Probably was that because of the way it was listed - in the groups not of the type RNA and DNA) but of another method I am not even shure of.
Thats probably why my teacher did not understand' date=' it was because I asked him a question that was not correct (Maybe he thought I meant why is Uraciil present instead of Thymine
Thanks for the help but I wonder if you could help me with an altered version of my quesiton on that case, why is Uracil present and not Thymine?
Cheers,
Ryan Jones[/quote']
RNA polymerase does not use thymine as a substrate only uracil. Therefore RNA molecules are generated in transcription.
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...This implies that the hydrogen bonding potential defined by the DNA is higher than that defined by the RNA. In other words, if RNA had the same potential to form hydrogen bonds, it would lose its variety and try to become a double helix since this is the most efficient way for minimizing the hydrogen bonding potential within all the hydrogen bonding hydrogen on the bases.
It may imply that but that's not the case.
The question becomes how can the extra reduction within the DNA cause the DNA to increase hydrogen bonding potential?Answer: A reduced form of DNA results in the negative charge on the sugar phosphate backbone being neutralised by hydrogen. By eliminating the negative charge the backbones can move closer, increasing the association (H bonding) between the bases.
This anomaly makes sense if one considers HCl in water. The Cl- is a very weak base while the H+ is a very strong acid. As such, HCl has more electrophilic potential in its H, in proportion to the amount of nucleophilic potential within its Cl-, even though the charge dipole might suggest their being equal. This is primarily due to the much higher electronegativity of the Cl-, allowing it to hold extra electron density and become a stable anion that does not need much positive charge to be stable, i.e., very low nucleophilic potential.That is absolutely correct, but irrelavent.
...In RNA, the opposite occurs, with the O and N having less electron density to share, this lowers the potential with the hydrogen bonding hydrogen.Why less electron density ? What's the difference between the bases involved in DNA and RNA hybridisation (e.g. deoxyribothymidine (DNA) and ribothymine (RNA) differs by one hydroxyl group on the ribose sugar). I'm not being sarcastic, this is a genuine question.
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I remember reading a looong time ago that the coldest temperature anything could have was absolute zero, which is like 400 degrees below 0 C. Now if that is true, and temperatures in the sun and other parts of the galaxy can reach temperatures of 10s of thousands above 0 C, would that not mean our planet is relatively cold in the universe? Perhaps im missing something here, but it does seem odd (in a cool way) if true.
yeah i can see where your coming from mate. but remember what the definition of cold is. something is only cold relative to something else. comparing our planet to the sun would make this a cold cold planet indeed. i don't know the properties of all the planets in our galaxy but pluto for example is lower on the kalvin scale than our planet !
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Carbon dioxide is catalysed to bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells. The CO2 concentration gradient is maintained by the bohr effect of haemoglobin.
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GM foods?
in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Posted
there is nothing wrong with GM food. people don't understand it so they fear it. Gilded above for example shows some uncertainty about them. i know it sounds silly but people truly fear GENETICALLY MODIFIED organisms. they simply don't know anything about it. tesco is making a lot of money from this by selling 'NORMAL' (organic) overpriced food, so stupid people buy it.