I have recently started looking back at the function of the Golgi complex and am now aware not all proteins pass through the Golgi Complex (cytoplasmic translation). However I was always under the impression that most post-translational modifications (PTM) happen in the ER (co-translational) or Golgi complex.   Additionally, some types of PTMs happen in the mitochondria or at other organelles (transmembrane receptors come to mind).   My questions are fourfold: 1. Are there sp