Flashlight battery polarity (mixed) ?
Voltage addition?
If 1 (1.5 V) battery
of a 3 battery flashlight
is wrong (=the opposite (polarity))
(then) the total voltage is zero, not 1.5 V
so the lamp (filament)
will NOT go on (=won't light)
when the switch is closed (=turned on).
Kirchhoff's voltage law
adds voltage( drop)s
on loads,
but seems to collapse
when dealing with (battery) sources
of mixed polarity.
(=I find that (unexpectedly) rather (stunning
Have you actually tried this experiment?
It is very instructive and proves Ed correct +1
Here are two photos of actual measurements.
I am using slightly exhausted 1.2 volts cells so their combine voltage only adds up to 3.5 volts
The first has all three batteries in series in the same direction.
I have reversed one of the batteries for the second shot and you can see the voltmeter reading just under 1.2 volts.
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