Jump to content

Observable Universe mass...


Orion1

Recommended Posts

Observable Universe Cosmological Constant: (ref. 1), (ref. 2)

[math]\Lambda_s = \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{c^2} = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Bose-Einstein scalar particle Dark Energy composition: (ref. 3)

[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\Lambda} = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\Lambda})^4}{45 H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe scalar particle Dark Energy Cosmological Constant integration via substitution:

[math]\Lambda_s = \frac{3 H_0^2}{c^2} \left( \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\Lambda})^4}{45 H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5} \right) = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\Lambda})^4}{15 \hbar^3 c^7} = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}[/math]

 

Observable Universe scalar particle Dark Energy Cosmological Constant:

[math]\boxed{\Lambda_s = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\Lambda})^4}{15 \hbar^3 c^7}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe scalar particle Dark Energy Cosmological Constant:

[math]\boxed{\Lambda_s = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}}[/math]

 

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

 

Reference:

Wikipedia - Cosmological Constant: (ref. 1)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%27s_law#Matter-dominated_universe_.28with_a_cosmological_constant.29

 

Orion1 - Cosmological Constant: (ref. 2)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/#entry850783

 

Orion1 - Dark Energy: (ref. 3)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-3#entry931225

 

Edited by Orion1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 1 month later...

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)

[math]\Omega_{\nu , t} = 0.10[/math]

[math]\Omega_{\Lambda , t} \neq 0[/math]

 

Neutrino mass:

[math]\boxed{m_{\nu} \neq 0}[/math]

 

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling temperature: (ref. 2)

[math]T_{\nu , t} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Fermi-Dirac neutrino composition: (ref. 3),(ref. 4)

[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\nu} = \frac{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\nu})^4}{3 C_{\nu} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 5)

[math]\boxed{T_{u , \nu} = \frac{1}{H_{\nu , t}}}[/math]

 

Solve for Observable Universe neutrino decoupling time [math]T_{u , \nu}[/math]:

[math]T_{u , \nu} = \frac{1}{H_{\nu , t}} = \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\nu,t} C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5}{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^4}} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\nu,t} C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}} = 0.148 \; \text{s}[/math]

 

Observable Universe neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{T_{u , \nu} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\nu,t} C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{T_{u , \nu} = 0.148 \; \text{s}}\; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]

 

Observable Universe neutrino background radiation massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 5)

[math]\boxed{T_{u , \nu} = 0.893 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} = 0[/math]

 

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

 

Reference:

Orion1 - WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry882631

 

Wikipedia - neutrino decoupling: (ref. 2)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

 

Orion1 - Cosmic neutrino background radiation electron neutrino composition: (ref. 3)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry884367

 

Orion1 - Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein total neutrino distribution constant: (ref. 4)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry886860

 

Orion1 - Observable Universe neutrino background radiation massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 5)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry882631

 

 

Edited by Orion1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)

[math]\Omega_{dm , t} = 0.63[/math]

[math]\Omega_{\Lambda , t} \neq 0[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle composition is equivalent to Dark Matter composition at photon decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\phi , t} = \Omega_{dm , t}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle mass:

[math]\boxed{m_{\phi} \neq 0}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle decoupling temperature is equivalent to cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling temperature: (ref. 2)

[math]\boxed{T_{\phi , t} = T_{\nu , t}} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Bose-Einstein Dark Matter scalar particle composition: (ref. 3)

[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\phi} = \frac{4 G N_{\phi} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\phi})^4}{3 C_{\phi} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle decoupling time: (ref. 4)

[math]\boxed{T_{u , \phi} = \frac{1}{H_{\phi , t}}}[/math]

 

Solve for Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle decoupling time [math]T_{u , \phi}[/math]:

[math]T_{u , \phi} = \frac{1}{H_{\phi, t}} = \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\phi,t} C_{\phi} \hbar^3 c^5}{4 G N_{\phi} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^4}} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\phi,t} C_{\phi} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}} = 0.0255 \; \text{s}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{T_{u , \phi} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\phi,t} C_{\phi} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{T_{u, \phi} = 0.0255 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]

 

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

 

Reference:

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)

https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/index.html

 

Wikipedia - neutrino decoupling: (ref. 2)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

 

Orion1 - Dark Matter scalar particle composition: (ref. 3)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry909539

 

Orion1 - Observable Universe neutrino background radiation massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 4)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry882631

 

Edited by Orion1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

Clarification on DM decoupling time. Your still modelling DM as zero spin in your use of the Bose-Einsten statistics correct?

 

edit spin zero, p=0 also you are still setting [latex] T_o=T_v[/latex] correct?

 

edit:Doh forget last question I see the statement.

 

I would still like some clarity on the decoupling time bssed on neutrino background temp. You may have posted the details already but I would like to see that shown as per the proofs of the equations you used...not stating its inaccurate but not familiar with this particular proof.

 

If you happen to have a reference correlating relevant boundaries on DM to allow the scalar treatment of DM for the usage you have that would be great.

 

(I have no objections so far but just looking for clarity ) particularly since the treatments I am familiar with usually has DM freezing out before neutrinos. Hence the details I need.

 

example the interaction cross section for DM and neutrinos in your examination.

 

Hot DM would make sense to decouple close to the same as neutrinos however this would not be the case with Cold DM with regards to Hubble expansion rates.

Edited by Mordred
Link to comment
Share on other sites

edit never mind I just answered my own question. Then reread the thread and confirmed. lol I had already asked about this but forgot about it. The numbers make sense with the DM variation you provided earlier.

 

Which if I follow correctly is an LSP variation under SO(10) MSSM.

 

If thats true here is a reference for your LSP scattering amplitudes.

 

"Thermal decoupling of WIMPs from first principles"

 

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0612238&ved=0ahUKEwjC7JOew-jUAhVDyoMKHbPYAqkQFggfMAE&usg=AFQjCNFHeuJybwvTjGpiDghXhtFBkBtyiw

 

PS its arxiv on phone atm

Edited by Mordred
Link to comment
Share on other sites

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)
[math]\Omega_{dm , t} = 0.63[/math]

[math]\Omega_{\gamma , t} = 0.15[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\Lambda , t} \neq 0[/math]

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino composition is equivalent to Dark Matter composition at photon decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\nu , t} = \Omega_{dm , t}}[/math]

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino mass:
[math]\boxed{m_{\nu} \neq 0}[/math]

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino decoupling temperature is equivalent to cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling temperature: (ref. 2)
[math]\boxed{T_{\nu, t} = T_{\nu , t}} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]

Observable Universe Fermi-Dirac Dark Matter sterile neutrino composition: (ref. 3)
[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\nu} = \frac{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\nu})^4}{3 C_{\nu} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 4)
[math]\boxed{T_{u , \nu} = \frac{1}{H_{\nu , t}}}[/math]

Solve for Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino decoupling time [math]T_{u , \nu}[/math]:
[math]T_{u , \nu} = \frac{1}{H_{\nu, t}} = \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\nu,t} C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5}{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^4}} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\nu,t} C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}} = 0.372 \; \text{s}[/math]

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{T_{u , \nu} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 \Omega_{\nu,t} C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}}}[/math]

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{T_{u, \nu} = 0.372 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]

 

---

Particle interaction rate is equivalent to Hubble Parameter at particle decoupling time: (ref. 5), (ref .6)

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{t} = n \langle \sigma v \rangle = H_{t}}[/math]

 

Solve for Observable Universe photon interaction rate [math]\Gamma_{\gamma,t}[/math] at photon decoupling time:

[math]\Gamma_{\gamma,t} = \sqrt{\frac{4 G N_{\gamma} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\gamma,t})^4}{45 \Omega_{\gamma,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = \frac{2 (k_B T_{\gamma,t})^2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 4.957 \cdot 10^{-14} \; \frac{ \gamma \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe photon interaction rate at photon decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t} = \frac{2 (k_B T_{\gamma,t})^2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t} \hbar^3 c^5}}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe photon interaction rate at photon decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t} = 4.957 \cdot 10^{-14} \; \frac{ \gamma \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]

 

Solve for Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle interaction rate [math]\Gamma_{\phi,t}[/math] at scalar particle decoupling time:

[math]\Gamma_{\phi,t} = \sqrt{\frac{4 G N_{\phi} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^4}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 39.232 \; \frac{ \phi \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t} = 2 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t} = 39.232 \; \frac{\phi \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]

 

Solve for Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino interaction rate [math]\Gamma_{\nu,t}[/math] at sterile neutrino decoupling time:

[math]\Gamma_{\nu,t} = \sqrt{\frac{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^4}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2.689 \; \frac{ \nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino interaction rate at sterile neutrino decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino interaction rate at sterile neutrino decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 2.689 \; \frac{\nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]

 

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

Reference:
WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)
https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/index.html

Wikipedia - neutrino decoupling: (ref. 2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

 

Orion1 - Cosmic neutrino background radiation electron neutrino composition: (ref. 3)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry884367

Orion1 - Observable Universe neutrino background radiation massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 4)
http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry882631

Wikipedia - Derivation of decoupling time: (ref. 5)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling#Derivation_of_decoupling_time

 

Wikipedia - Cross section (physics): (ref. 6)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_section_(physics)

Edited by Orion1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 2 weeks later...

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)

[math]\Omega_{\nu , t} = 0.10[/math]

[math]\Omega_{\Lambda , t} \neq 0[/math]

 

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling temperature: (ref. 2)

[math]T_{\nu , t} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]

 

Solve for Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate [math]\Gamma_{\nu,t}[/math] at neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 3)
[math]\Gamma_{\nu,t} = \sqrt{\frac{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^4}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 6.749 \; \frac{ \nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}[/math]

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}}}[/math]

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 6.749 \; \frac{\nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?


Reference:
WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)
https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/index.html

Wikipedia - neutrino decoupling: (ref. 2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

Fermi-Dirac total neutrino distribution constant: (ref. 3)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry886860

 

 

Edited by Orion1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

[math]\begin{tabular}{l*{6}{c}r} & identity & state & spin & ns & Ns & Nn \\ b & scalar & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ f & neutrino & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\ f & sterile neutrino & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\ f & neutralino & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 4 & 4 \\ b & photon & +,- & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 \\ b & graviton & +,- & 2 & 2 & 1 & 2 \\ \end{tabular}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle decoupling time: (ref. 1)

[math]\boxed{T_{u, \phi} = 0.0255 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]

 

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 2)

[math]\boxed{T_{u , \nu} = 0.148 \; \text{s}}\; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 3)

[math]\boxed{T_{u, \nu} = 0.372 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]

 

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 4)

[math]\boxed{T_{u , \nu} = 0.893 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} = 0[/math]

 

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

 

Reference:

Orion1 - Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle decoupling time: (ref. 1)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-3#entry999388

 

Orion1 - Observable Universe neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 2)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-3#entry999033

 

Orion1 - Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 3)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-3#entry999725

 

Orion1 - Observable Universe neutrino background radiation massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 4)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-2#entry882631

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

[math]\begin{tabular}{l*{6}{c}r} & identity & state & spin & ns & Ns & Nn \\ b & scalar & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ f & neutrino & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\ f & sterile neutrino & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\ f & neutralino & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 4 & 4 \\ b & photon & +,- & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 \\ b & graviton & +,- & 2 & 2 & 1 & 2 \\ \end{tabular}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle decoupling time: (ref. 1)

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t} = 39.232 \; \frac{\phi \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 2)

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 6.749 \; \frac{\nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino interaction rate at sterile neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 1)

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 2.689 \; \frac{\nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]

 

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

 

Reference:

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle decoupling time: (ref. 1)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-3#entry999725

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino interaction rate at sterile neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 2)

http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-3#entry999725

 

 

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 2 weeks later...

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)

[math]\Omega_{\nu , t} = 0.10[/math]

[math]\Omega_{\Lambda , t} \neq 0[/math]

 

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino decoupling temperature: (ref. 2)

[math]T_{\nu , t} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]

 

Neutrino mass:

[math]\boxed{m_{\nu} = 0}[/math]

 

Fermi-Dirac massless neutrino composition: (ref. 3)

[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\nu} = \frac{7 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\nu})^4}{45 H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

 

Solve for massless neutrino interaction rate [math]\Gamma_{\nu,t}[/math] at massless neutrino decoupling time:

[math]\Gamma_{\nu,t} = \sqrt{\frac{7 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^4}{45 \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = \frac{(k_B T_{\nu,t})^2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{7 \pi^3 G N_{\nu}}{5 \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 1.120 \; \frac{ \nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}[/math]

 

Massless neutrino interaction rate at massless neutrino decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = \frac{(k_B T_{\nu,t})^2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{7 \pi^3 G N_{\nu}}{5 \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}}}[/math]

 

Massless neutrino interaction rate at massless neutrino decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 1.120 \; \frac{ \nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]

 

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

 

Reference:

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)

https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/index.html

Wikipedia - neutrino decoupling: (ref. 2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

Hubble parameter at massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 3)

 

Edited by Orion1
sourcecode repair
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 2 weeks later...

Symbolic identity key:
[math]n_{s}[/math] - spin states total number
[math]N_{s}[/math] - species total number
[math]N_{n}[/math] - total effective degeneracy number
if [math]n_{s} \geq N_{s}[/math] then [math]N_{n} = n_{s}[/math]
if [math]n_{s} \leq N_{s}[/math] then [math]N_{n} = N_{s}[/math]

 

[math]\begin{array}{l*{6}{c}r} & \text{identity} & \text{state} & \text{spin} & n_{s} & N_{s} & N_{n} \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ f & \text{neutrino} & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\ f & \text{sterile neutrino} & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\ f & \text{neutralino} & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 4 & 4 \\ b & \text{photon} & +,- & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 \\ b & \text{graviton} & +,- & 2 & 2 & 1 & 2 \\ \end{array}[/math]

 

Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle decoupling time: (ref. 1)
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t} = 39.232 \; \frac{\phi \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]

Observable Universe cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 2)
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 6.749 \; \frac{\nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]

Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino interaction rate at sterile neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 1)
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 2.689 \; \frac{\nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]

Massless neutrino interaction rate at massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 3)
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t} = 1.120 \; \frac{ \nu \; \text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} = 0[/math]

 

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

 

Reference:
Orion1 - Observable Universe Dark Matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle decoupling time: (ref. 1)
http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-3#entry999725

Orion1 - Observable Universe Dark Matter sterile neutrino interaction rate at sterile neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 2)
http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/page-3#entry999725

Orion1 - Massless neutrino interaction rate at massless neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 3)
http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/?do=findComment&comment=1004223

 

 

Edited by Orion1
sourcecode repair
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 months later...

 

On 11/29/2014 at 2:26 AM, Mordred said:

You could add up the energy budget to check your numbers

It appears that I have reached the limit of my available energy budget. Any recommendations on equation refinement?

On 11/29/2014 at 5:11 AM, Sensei said:

You're making assumption that every star has the same mass as Sun and/or that Sun's mass is average star mass across entire observable Universe.

You were correct. I have attempted to calculate the actual average stellar mass from the equations and table references listed on this post. Any recommendations on equation refinement?

On 11/29/2014 at 6:46 AM, Strange said:

Your figure seems to be about two orders of magnitude larger than other estimates:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe#Mass_of_ordinary_matter

 

(I haven't gone through the "Extrapolation from number of stars" to work out where the difference might come from. Overestimating average star mass, would only seem to account for a factor of 2.)

You were correct. Your Wikipedia reference for estimates based on critical density, states the observable universe total mass at [math]1.46 \cdot 10^{53} \; \text{kg}[/math]. I was able to further refine these calculations down to a factor of only 26, instead of ~100.

Observable Universe total mass: (ref. 1)
[math]\boxed{M_u = 3.794 \cdot 10^{54} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

---

Stellar class number parameters: (ref. 2)
[math]n_c = 1 \rightarrow 7[/math]

key: 1 O, 2 B, 3 A, 4 F, 5 G, 6 K, 7 M

[math]\Omega_n[/math] - main sequence stars stellar class fraction
[math]N_s[/math] - total observable stellar number
[math]M_n[/math] - Main-sequence mass

Observable Universe average stellar mass:
[math]M_a = \frac{1}{N_s} \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} (\Omega_n N_s M_n) = \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} \Omega_n M_n = 0.595 \cdot M_{\odot} \rightarrow 0.769 \cdot M_{\odot}[/math]

[math]\boxed{M_a = \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} \Omega_n M_n}[/math]

[math]\boxed{M_a = (0.595 \rightarrow 0.769) \cdot M_{\odot}}[/math]

Observable Universe average stellar mass lower bound limit:
[math]\boxed{M_a = 1.183 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

Observable Universe average stellar mass: (ref. 3, pg. 20)
[math]M_a = 0.6 \cdot M_{\odot} = 1.193 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}[/math]

Observable Universe stellar baryon density: (ref. 4, pg. 3)
[math]\Omega_s = (\Omega_{ms} + \Omega_{wd} + \Omega_{ns}) = 2.460 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]

[math]\Omega_s = 2.460 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]

Observable Universe total observable stellar number:
[math]N_s = \Omega_{s} \left( \frac{M_u}{M_{a}} \right) = \frac{\pi \Omega_{s}}{6 M_{a}} \left( \frac{c \ln (1 + z)}{H_0} \right)^3 \left[ \frac{\pi^2 k_B^4}{2 \hbar^3 c^5} \left( \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \right) \left( \frac{\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{\gamma} + \Omega_{\nu}} \right) + \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{8 \pi G} \right][/math]

[math]\boxed{N_s = \frac{\pi \Omega_{s}}{6 M_{a}} \left( \frac{c \ln (1 + z)}{H_0} \right)^3 \left[ \frac{\pi^2 k_B^4}{2 \hbar^3 c^5} \left( \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \right) \left( \frac{\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{\gamma} + \Omega_{\nu}} \right) + \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{8 \pi G} \right]}[/math]

Observable Universe total observable stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = 7.885 \cdot 10^{21} \; \text{stars}}[/math]

Hubble Space Telescope Kornreich stellar survey total observable stellar number: (ref. 5)
[math]N_s = 1 \cdot 10^{24} \; \text{stars}[/math]

Wikipedia - observable universe total observable stellar number: (ref. 6)
[math]N_s = 3 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}[/math]

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

Reference:
Orion1 - Observable Universe total mass: (ref. 1)
http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/86694-observable-universe-mass/?do=findComment&comment=909462

Wikipedia - Stellar classification - Harvard spectral classification: (ref. 2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification#Harvard_spectral_classification

On The Mass Distribution Of Stars...: (ref. 3)
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-698X/2006/1450-698X0672017N.pdf

The Cosmic Energy Inventory: (ref. 4)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0406095v2.pdf

Hubble Space Telescope Kornreich stellar survey total observable stellar number: (ref. 5)
https://www.space.com/26078-how-many-stars-are-there.html

Wikipedia - observable universe stellar number: (ref. 6)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star#Distribution

Edited by Orion1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 1 month later...

Observable Universe cosmology scale factor:
[math]\boxed{\frac{R_u(t_0)}{R_u(t)} = \frac{a(t_0)}{a(t)} = \frac{T_t}{T_0}  = 1 + z}[/math]

Symbolic definition key:
[math]R_u(t_0)[/math] - Observable Universe total radius at present time.
[math]R_u(t)[/math] - Observable Universe total radius at past time.
[math]a(t_0)[/math] - scale factor at present time.
[math]a(t)[/math] - scale factor at past time.
[math]T_t[/math] - cosmic background radiation temperature at past time.
[math]T_0[/math] - cosmic background radiation temperature at present time.
[math]z[/math] - cosmic background radiation redshift parameter at decoupling time.

Hubble radius:
[math]R_{H} = \frac{c}{H_{0}}[/math]

Cosmic photon background radiation temperature at present time: (ref. 1)
[math]T_{\gamma} = 2.72548 \; \text{K}[/math]

Cosmic photon background radiation redshift parameter at photon decoupling time: (ref. 2, pg. 11)
[math]z_{\gamma} = \left( \frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}} \right) - 1 = 1090.43[/math]

Cosmic photon background radiation temperature at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)
[math]T_{\gamma,t} = T_{\gamma} (1 + z_{\gamma}) = 2974.67 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\gamma,t} = 2974.67 \; \text{K}}[/math]

Observable Universe total photon co-moving radius integration via substitution:
[math]R_{\gamma} = \frac{R_{H} \ln [1 + z_{\gamma}]}{2} = \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{c}{H_{0}} \right) \ln [1 + z_{\gamma}] = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}} \right] = 4.606 \cdot 10^{26} \; \text{m}[/math]

Observable Universe total photon co-moving radius:
[math]\boxed{R_{\gamma} = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}} \right]}[/math]
[math]\boxed{R_{\gamma} = 4.606 \cdot 10^{26} \; \text{m}}[/math][math]\; \; \; (48.689 \cdot 10^{9} \; \text{ly})[/math]

Cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at present time: (ref. 3, pg. 44, eq. 220), (ref. 4)
[math]T_{\nu} = \left( \frac{4}{11} \right)^{\frac{1}{3}} T_{\gamma} = 1.94535 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\nu} = 1.94535 \; \text{K}}[/math]

Cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 5)
[math]T_{\nu,t} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]

Observable Universe total neutrino co-moving radius:
[math]\boxed{R_{\nu} = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}} \right]}[/math]
[math]\boxed{R_{\nu} = 1.472 \cdot 10^{27} \; \text{m}}[/math][math]\; \; \; (155.635 \cdot 10^{9} \; \text{ly})[/math]

Observable Universe total observable stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = \frac{\pi \Omega_{s}}{6 M_{a}} \left( \frac{c}{H_0} \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}} \right] \right)^3 \left[ \frac{\pi^2 k_B^4}{2 \hbar^3 c^5} \left( \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \right) \left( \frac{\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{\gamma} + \Omega_{\nu}} \right) + \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{8 \pi G} \right]}[/math]

Observable Universe total observable stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = 2.575 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}}[/math]

Wikipedia observable universe total observable stellar number: (ref. 6)
[math]N_s = 3 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}[/math]

Hubble Space Telescope Kornreich stellar survey total observable stellar number: (ref. 7)
[math]N_s = 1 \cdot 10^{24} \; \text{stars}[/math]

After neutrinos decoupled from heavy baryonic matter when the universe was one second old, is it possible for the cosmic neutrino background radiation to have inflated to a distance of 156 billion light years?

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

Reference:
Wikipedia - Cosmic microwave background radiation: (ref. 1)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters: (ref. 2)
http://planck.caltech.edu/pub/2013results/Planck_2013_results_16.pdf

PHYS: 652 Cosmic Inventory I: Radiation: (ref. 3)
http://www.nicadd.niu.edu/~bterzic/PHYS652/Lecture_09.pdf

Wikipedia - Cosmic neutrino background radiation: (ref. 4)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_neutrino_background

Wikipedia - Neutrino decoupling: (ref. 5)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

Wikipedia - Observable universe total observable stellar number: (ref. 6)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star#Distribution

Hubble Space Telescope Kornreich stellar survey total observable stellar number: (ref. 7)
https://www.space.com/26078-how-many-stars-are-there.html

 

 

Edited by Orion1
source code correction
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 2 weeks later...

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)
[math]\Omega_{\nu,t} = 0.10[/math]

Observable Universe cosmology scale factor:
[math]\boxed{\frac{R_u(t_0)}{R_u(t)} = \frac{a(t_0)}{a(t)} = \frac{T_t}{T_0}  = 1 + z}[/math]

Observable Universe total neutrino co-moving radius at present time:
[math]\boxed{R_{\nu} = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}} \right]}[/math]
[math]\boxed{R_{\nu} = 1.472 \cdot 10^{27} \; \text{m}} \; \; \; (155.635 \cdot 10^{9} \; \text{ly})[/math]

Observable Universe total neutrino co-moving radius at past time integration via substitution:
[math]R_{\nu,t} = R_{\nu} \left( \frac{T_{\nu}}{T_{\nu,t}} \right) = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}} \right] \left( \frac{T_{\nu}}{T_{\nu,t}} \right) = 2.864 \cdot 10^{17} \; \text{m} \; \; \; (30.277 \; \text{ly})[/math]

Observable Universe total neutrino co-moving radius at past time:
[math]\boxed{R_{\nu,t} = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}} \right] \left( \frac{T_{\nu}}{T_{\nu,t}} \right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{R_{\nu,t} = 2.864 \cdot 10^{17} \; \text{m}} \; \; \; (30.277 \; \text{ly})[/math]

Neutrino decoupling time:
[math]T_{u,\nu} = \frac{1}{H_{\nu,t}} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}} = 0.148 \; \text{s}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\nu} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\nu} = 0.148 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]

Observable Universe expansion rate at neutrino decoupling time integration via substitution:
[math]\frac{dr}{dt} = \frac{R_{\nu,t}}{T_{u,\nu}} = \left[ \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}} \right] \left( \frac{T_{\nu}}{T_{\nu,t}} \right) \right] 2 (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 1.933 \cdot 10^{18} \; \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}} \; \; \; \left( 204.337 \; \frac{\text{ly}}{\text{s}} \right)[/math]

Observable Universe expansion rate at neutrino decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{\frac{dr}{dt} = \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} \left( \frac{c}{H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}} \right] \left( \frac{T_{\nu}}{T_{\nu,t}} \right) (k_B T_{\nu,t})^2}[/math]

[math]\boxed{\frac{dr}{dt} = 1.933 \cdot 10^{18} \; \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; \left( 204.337 \; \frac{\text{ly}}{\text{s}} \right)[/math]

Did the universe have a co-moving radius of 30 light-years at neutrino decoupling time?
Did the universe inflate and expand at a rate of 204 light-years per second at neutrino decoupling time?
Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

Reference:
WMAP satellite content of the Universe: (ref. 1)
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/index.html

Wikipedia - Inflation cosmology:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)

Wikipedia - Metric space expansion cosmology:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_space

 

Edited by Orion1
source code correction
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 weeks later...

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)
[math]\Omega_{\gamma,t} = 0.15[/math]

Observable Universe cosmology scale factor:
[math]\boxed{\frac{R_u \left(t_0 \right)}{R_u \left(t \right)} = \frac{a \left(t_0 \right)}{a \left(t \right)} = \frac{T_t}{T_0}  = 1 + z}[/math]

Observable Universe total photon co-moving radius at present time:
[math]\boxed{R_{\gamma} = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]}[/math]
[math]\boxed{R_{\gamma} = 4.606 \cdot 10^{26} \; \text{m}} \; \; \; \left( 48.689 \cdot 10^{9} \; \text{ly} \right)[/math]

Observable Universe total photon co-moving radius at past time integration via substitution:
[math]R_{\gamma,t} = R_{\gamma} \left( \frac{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma,t}} \right) = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right] \left( \frac{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma,t}} \right) = 4.220 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{m} \; \; \; \left( 44.610 \; \cdot 10^{6} \; \text{ly} \right)[/math]

Observable Universe total photon co-moving radius at past time:
[math]\boxed{R_{\gamma,t} = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right] \left( \frac{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma,t}} \right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{R_{\gamma,t} = 4.220 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{m}} \; \; \; \left( 44.610 \; \cdot 10^{6} \; \text{ly} \right)[/math]

Photon decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\gamma} = \frac{3}{ \left(2 k_B T_{\gamma,t} \right)^2} \sqrt{\frac{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\gamma} = 1.009 \cdot 10^{13} \; \text{s}} \; \; \; \left( 3.197 \cdot 10^{5} \; \text{years} \right) \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]

[math]\Lambda[/math]CDM universe model semiemperical temperature-time scale factor: (ref. 2, pg. 19, eq. 1, ref. 3)
[math]\left( \frac{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma,t}} \right)^{\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{T_{u,\gamma}}{T_{u}} = T_{u,\gamma} H_0[/math]
[math]T_{u,\gamma} = \frac{}{H_0} \left( \frac{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma,t}} \right)^{\frac{3}{2}} = 1.218 \cdot 10^{13} \; \text{s} \; \; \; \left( 3.861 \cdot 10^{5} \; \text{years} \right)[/math]

[math]\Lambda[/math]CDM universe model semiemperical photon decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\gamma} = \frac{}{H_0} \left( \frac{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma,t}} \right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\gamma} = 1.218 \cdot 10^{13} \; \text{s}} \; \; \; \left(3.861 \cdot 10^{5} \; \text{years}\right)[/math]

Observable Universe expansion rate at photon decoupling time integration via substitution:
[math]\frac{dr}{dt} = \frac{R_{\gamma,t}}{T_{u,\gamma}} = \left[ \left(\frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right] \left( \frac{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma,t}} \right)\right] \frac{ \left(2 k_B T_{\gamma,t} \right)^2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 4.184 \cdot 10^{10} \; \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}} \; \; \; \left( 139.557 \cdot c \; \; \; 4.422 \cdot 10^{-6} \; \frac{\text{ly}}{\text{s}} \right)[/math]

Observable Universe expansion rate at photon decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{\frac{dr}{dt} = \frac{2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} \left(\frac{c}{H_{0}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]\left(\frac{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma,t}}\right)\left(k_B T_{\gamma,t}\right)^2}[/math]

[math]\boxed{\frac{dr}{dt} = 4.184 \cdot 10^{10} \; \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; \left( 139.557 \cdot c \; \; \; 4.422 \cdot 10^{-6} \; \frac{\text{ly}}{\text{s}} \right)[/math]

Does the universe have a photon co-moving radius of 49 billion light-years at present time?
Did the universe have a co-moving radius of 45 million light-years at photon decoupling time?
Did the universe inflate and expand at a rate of 140 c or 4 micro light-years per second at photon decoupling time?
Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

Reference:
WMAP satellite content of the Universe: (ref. 1)
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/index.html

Cosmology: nucleosynthesis and inflation: (ref. 2)
http://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/astro/AST1100/h07/undervisningsmateriale/lecture25.pdf

Wikipedia - Lambda-CDM_model parameters: (ref. 3)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model#Parameters

Wikipedia - Inflation cosmology:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)

Wikipedia - Metric space expansion cosmology:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_space

 

Edited by Orion1
source code correction
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 weeks later...

WMAP satellite cosmological parameters at photon decoupling time: (ref. 1)
[math]\Omega_{dm,t} = 0.63[/math]

Observable Universe dark matter scalar particle composition is equivalent to dark matter composition at photon decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\phi,t} = \Omega_{dm,t}}[/math]

Scalar particle temperature is equivalent to cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature:
[math]\boxed{T_{\phi} = T_{\nu}}[/math]

Scalar particle decoupling temperature is equivalent to cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at neutrino decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{T_{\phi,t} = T_{\nu,t}}[/math]

Observable Universe total scalar particle co-moving radius at present time:
[math]\boxed{R_{\phi} = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}} \right]}[/math]
[math]\boxed{R_{\phi} = 1.472 \cdot 10^{27} \; \text{m}} \; \; \; (155.635 \cdot 10^{9} \; \text{ly})[/math]

Observable Universe total scalar particle co-moving radius at past time integration via substitution:
[math]R_{\phi,t} = R_{\phi} \left( \frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right) = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}} \right] \left( \frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right) = 2.864 \cdot 10^{17} \; \text{m} \; \; \; (30.277 \; \text{ly})[/math]

Observable Universe total scalar particle co-moving radius at past time:
[math]\boxed{R_{\phi,t} = \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}} \right] \left( \frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{R_{\phi,t} = 2.864 \cdot 10^{17} \; \text{m}} \; \; \; (30.277 \; \text{ly})[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle decoupling time:
[math]T_{u,\phi} = \frac{1}{H_{\phi,t}} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}} = 0.0255 \; \text{s}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = \frac{}{2 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = 0.0255 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]

[math]\Lambda[/math]CDM universe model semiemperical temperature-time scale factor: (ref. 2, pg. 18, eq. 2), (ref. 3)
[math]\left( \frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right)^{2} = \frac{T_{u,\phi}}{T_{u}} = T_{u,\phi} H_0[/math]
[math]T_{u,\phi} = \frac{}{H_0} \left( \frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right)^{2} = 0.0166 \; \text{s}[/math]

[math]\Lambda[/math]CDM universe model semiemperical scalar particle decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = \frac{}{H_0} \left( \frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right)^{2}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = 0.0166 \; \text{s}}[/math]

Observable Universe expansion rate at scalar particle decoupling time integration via substitution:
[math]\frac{dr}{dt} = \frac{R_{\phi,t}}{T_{u,\phi}} = \left[ \left( \frac{c}{2 H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}} \right] \left( \frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right) \right] 2 (k_B T_{\phi,t})^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 1.124 \cdot 10^{19} \; \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}} \; \; \; (1187.8 \; \frac{\text{ly}}{\text{s}})[/math]

Observable Universe expansion rate at scalar particle decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{\frac{dr}{dt} = \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}} \left( \frac{c}{H_{0}} \right) \ln \left[ \frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}} \right] \left( \frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right) (k_B T_{\phi,t})^2}[/math]

[math]\boxed{\frac{dr}{dt} = 1.124 \cdot 10^{19} \; \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; (1187.8 \; \frac{\text{ly}}{\text{s}})[/math]

Is it possible for dark matter cosmic scalar particle background radiation to have inflated to a distance of 156 billion light-years?
Did the universe have a co-moving radius of 30 light-years at scalar particle decoupling time?
Did the universe inflate and expand at a rate of 1188 light-years per second at scalar particle decoupling time?
Is dark matter composed of scalar particles?
Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

Reference:
WMAP satellite content of the Universe: (ref. 1)
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/index.html

Cosmology: nucleosynthesis and inflation: (ref. 2)
http://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/astro/AST1100/h07/undervisningsmateriale/lecture25.pdf

Wikipedia - Lambda-CDM model: (ref. 3)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

Wikipedia - Dark matter:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

Wikipedia - Inflation cosmology:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)

Wikipedia - Metric space expansion cosmology:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_space

 

Edited by Orion1
source code correction
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 2 months later...

Symbolic identity key:
[math]n_{s}[/math] - spin states total number
[math]N_{s}[/math] - species total number
[math]N_{n}[/math] - total effective degeneracy number
[math]\text{if} \; n_{s} \geq N_{s} \; \text{then} \; N_{n} = n_{s}[/math]
[math]\text{if} \; n_{s} \leq N_{s} \; \text{then} \; N_{n} = N_{s}[/math]

[math]\begin{array}{l*{7}{c}r} & \text{identity} & \text{state} & \text{spin} & n_{s} & N_{s} & N_{n} & \text{mass} & \text{type} \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & \Lambda \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \neq 0 & \phi \\ f & \text{neutrino} & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 & \neq 0 & \nu \\ b & \text{photon} & +,- & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 0 & \gamma \\ b & \text{graviton} & +,- & 2 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 0 & \text{G} \\ \end{array}[/math]

Stellar class number parameters: (ref. 1)
[math]n_c = 1 \rightarrow 7[/math]
key: 1 O, 2 B, 3 A, 4 F, 5 G, 6 K, 7 M
[math]\Omega_n[/math] - main sequence stars stellar class fraction
[math]N_s[/math] - total observable stellar number
[math]M_n[/math] - Main-sequence mass

Observable Universe average stellar mass:
[math]M_{as} = \frac{1}{N_s} \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} \left(\Omega_n N_s M_n\right) = \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} \Omega_n M_n = 0.595 \cdot M_{\odot} \rightarrow 0.769 \cdot M_{\odot}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} \Omega_n M_n}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = \left(0.595 \rightarrow 0.769 \right) \cdot M_{\odot}}[/math]

Observable Universe average stellar mass lower bound limit:
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = 1.183 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

Observable Universe average stellar mass: (ref. 2, pg. 20)
[math]M_{as} = 0.6 \cdot M_{\odot} = 1.193 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}[/math]

Observable Universe stellar baryon density: (ref. 3, pg. 3)
[math]\Omega_s = \left(\Omega_{ms} + \Omega_{wd} + \Omega_{ns}\right) = 2.460 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
[math]\Omega_s = 2.460 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
---

Milky Way galaxy mass: (ref. 4, pg. 1)
[math]M_{mw} = 1.260 \cdot 10^{12} \cdot M_{\odot} = 2.506 \cdot 10^{42} \; \text{kg}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{mw} = 2.506 \cdot 10^{42} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

---
Redshift parameter at photon decoupling time:
[math]z = 1090.43[/math]

Cosmic photon background radiation temperature at present time:
[math]T_{\gamma} = 2.72548 \; \text{K}[/math]

Cosmic photon background radiation temperature at photon decoupling time:
[math]T_{\gamma,t} = T_{\gamma} \left(1 + z\right) = 2974.67 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\gamma,t} = 2974.67 \; \text{K}}[/math]

Cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at present time: (ref. 5, pg. 44, eq. 220)
[math]T_{\nu} = \left(\frac{4}{11}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}} T_{\gamma} = 1.945 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\nu} = 1.945 \; \text{K}}[/math]

Cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 6)
[math]T_{\nu,t} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]

Observable Universe dark matter scalar particle temperature is equivalent to cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature:
[math]\boxed{T_{\phi} = T_{\nu}}[/math]

Cosmic scalar particle dark energy background radiation temperature:
[math]\boxed{T_{\Lambda} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \left(\frac{45 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3}\right)^{1/4}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\Lambda} = 35.013 \; \text{K}}[/math]

Observable Universe Cosmological Constant:
[math]\Lambda_s = \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{c^2} = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant integration via substitution:
[math]\Lambda_s = \frac{3 H_0^2}{c^2} \left(\frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{45 H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}\right) = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{15 \hbar^3 c^7} = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant:
[math]\boxed{\Lambda_s = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{15 \hbar^3 c^7}}[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant:
[math]\boxed{\Lambda_s = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}}[/math]

Dark matter density:
[math]\rho_{dm} = \frac{3 \Omega_{dm} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]
Baryonic density:
[math]\rho_{b} = \frac{3 \Omega_{b} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]
Dark energy density:
[math]\rho_{\Lambda} = \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]

Bose-Einstein total dark matter scalar particle distribution constant:
[math]\boxed{C_{\phi} = \frac{4 G N_{\phi} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{3 \Omega_{\phi} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{C_{\phi} = 3.640 \cdot 10^{-4}}[/math]

Fermi-Dirac total neutrino distribution constant:
[math]\boxed{C_{\nu} = \frac{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{3 \Omega_{\nu} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{C_{\nu} = 0.236}[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark matter density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\phi} = \frac{N_{\phi} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{2 C_{\phi} \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac baryonic photon and neutrino matter density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{b} = \frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\gamma}\right)^4}{30 \hbar^3 c^5} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) + \frac{N_{\nu} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{2 C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5} \left(\frac{\Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{b} - \Omega_{\nu}}\right)}[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark energy density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\Lambda} = \frac{N_{\Lambda} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{30 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

Observable Universe total photon and neutrino co-moving volumes:
[math]V_{\gamma} = \frac{4 \pi R_{\gamma}^3}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\left(\frac{c}{2 H_{0}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]\right)^3[/math]

[math]V_{\nu} = \frac{4 \pi R_{\nu}^3}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\left(\frac{c}{2 H_{0}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]\right)^3[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark matter and scalar particle dark energy and neutrino total co-moving volumes are equivalent:
[math]\boxed{V_{\phi} = V_{\Lambda} = V_{\nu}}[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark matter total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\phi} V_{\phi} = \frac{N_{\phi} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{12 C_{\phi} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3}[/math]

Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac baryonic photon and neutrino matter total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{b} V_{b} = \frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\gamma}\right)^4}{180 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3 c^2} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{12 C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^2} \left(\frac{\Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{b} - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3}[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark energy total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda} = \frac{N_{\Lambda} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{180 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3 c^2} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3}[/math]

Observable Universe compositional Equation of State and compositional number:
[math]\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{b} + \Omega_{\Lambda} = 1 \; \; \; \; \; \; n_{c} = 3[/math]

Observable Universe total critical mass:
[math]M_{c} = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_{c}} \rho_n V_n = \rho_{dm} V_{dm} + \rho_{b} V_{b} + \rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_c = \frac{c^3}{16 G H_0} \left(\left(\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{\Lambda}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \Omega_b \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_c = 1.179 \cdot 10^{56} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

Observable Universe compositional Equation of State and compositional number:
[math]\Omega_{\phi} + \Omega_{b} + \Omega_{\Lambda} = 1 \; \; \; \; \; \; n_{c} = 3[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark matter and scalar particle dark energy total mass:
[math]M_{u} = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_{c}} \rho_n V_n = \rho_{\phi} V_{\phi} + \rho_{b} V_{b} + \rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda}[/math]

[math]\boxed{M_u = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]

[math]\boxed{M_u = 1.179 \cdot 10^{56} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

Observable Universe total energy:
[math]E_u = M_u c^2[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = 1.060 \cdot 10^{73} \; \text{j}}[/math]

Observable Universe total observable stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = \frac{\Omega_s \pi^3 k_B^4}{12 M_{as} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]

Observable Universe total stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = 2.453 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}}[/math]

Wikipedia observable universe total stellar number: (ref. 7)
[math]N_s = 3 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}[/math]

Observable Universe total galaxy number:
[math]\boxed{N_g = \frac{\Omega_b \pi^3 k_B^4}{12 M_{mw} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]

Observable Universe total galaxy number:
[math]\boxed{N_g = 2.330 \cdot 10^{12} \; \text{galaxies}}[/math]

Wikipedia observable universe total galaxy number: (ref. 8)
[math]N_g = 2.000 \cdot 10^{12} \; \text{galaxies}[/math]

Observable Universe stars per galaxy average number:
[math]\frac{N_s}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_s M_{mw}}{\Omega_b M_{as}} = 1.053 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_s}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_s M_{mw}}{\Omega_b M_{as}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_s}{N_g} = 1.053 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}}[/math]

Wikipedia Milky Way galaxy total stellar number: (ref. 9)
[math]\frac{N_s}{N_g} = 2.500 \cdot 10^{11} \pm 1.500 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]

Observable Universe planetary composition: (ref. 3, pg. 3)
[math]\Omega_p = 1 \cdot 10^{-6}[/math]

Wikipedia Milky Way galaxy total planetary number: (ref. 9, ref. 10)
[math]\frac{N_p}{N_g} = \left(1.000 \cdot 10^{11} \rightarrow 1.600 \cdot 10^{11}\right) \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]

Observable Universe average planetary mass:
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{N_g}{N_p}\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \left(52.974 \rightarrow 84.758\right) \cdot M_{\oplus}}[/math]

Solar star system average planetary mass: (ref. 11)
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_n} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = 55.855 \cdot M_{\oplus}}[/math]

Milky Way galaxy total planetary number based upon solar star system:
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_n\right)^{-1}} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_g} = 1.518 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{galaxy}}}[/math]

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?
Is there anything else that you want to see quantified based upon this model for observational comparison?

Reference:
Wikipedia - Stellar classification - Harvard spectral classification: (ref. 1)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification#Harvard_spectral_classification

On The Mass Distribution Of Stars...: (ref. 2)
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-698X/2006/1450-698X0672017N.pdf

The Cosmic Energy Inventory: (ref. 3)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0406095v2.pdf

Mass models of the Milky Way: (ref. 4)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.4340v1

PHYS: 652 Cosmic Inventory I: Radiation: (ref. 5)
http://www.nicadd.niu.edu/~bterzic/PHYS652/Lecture_09.pdf

Wikipedia - neutrino decoupling: (ref. 6)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

Wikipedia - Observable universe total observable stellar number: (ref. 7)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star#Distribution

Wikipedia - Galaxy: (ref. 8)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy

Wikipedia - Milky Way Galaxy: (ref. 9)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way

Space.com - 160 Billion Alien Planets May Exist in Our Milky Way Galaxy: (ref. 10)
https://www.space.com/14200-160-billion-alien-planets-milky-galaxy.html

Wikipedia - Planetary mass: (ref. 11)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_mass#Values_from_the_DE405_ephemeris

 

universe model01.jpg

universe model02.jpg

Edited by Orion1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 weeks later...

Planck satellite cosmological parameters: (ref. 1, pg. 11)
[math]\Omega_{dm} = 0.268[/math]
[math]\Omega_{b} = 0.0495[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\Lambda} = 0.6825[/math]

Symbolic identity key:
[math]n_{s}[/math] - spin states total number
[math]N_{s}[/math] - species total number
[math]N_{n}[/math] - total effective degeneracy number
[math]\text{if} \; n_{s} \geq N_{s} \; \text{then} \; N_{n} = n_{s}[/math]
[math]\text{if} \; n_{s} \leq N_{s} \; \text{then} \; N_{n} = N_{s}[/math]

[math]\begin{array}{l*{7}{c}r} & \text{identity} & \text{state} & \text{spin} & n_{s} & N_{s} & N_{n} & \text{mass} & \text{type} \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & \Lambda \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \neq 0 & \phi \\ f & \text{neutrino} & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 & \neq 0 & \nu \\ b & \text{photon} & +,- & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 0 & \gamma \\ b & \text{graviton} & +,- & 2 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 0 & \text{G} \\ \end{array}[/math]

Stellar class number parameters: (ref. 2)
[math]n_c = 1 \rightarrow 7[/math]
key: 1 O, 2 B, 3 A, 4 F, 5 G, 6 K, 7 M
[math]\Omega_n[/math] - main sequence stars stellar class fraction
[math]N_s[/math] - total observable stellar number
[math]M_n[/math] - Main-sequence mass

Observable Universe average stellar mass:
[math]M_{as} = \frac{1}{N_s} \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} \left(\Omega_n N_s M_n\right) = \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} \Omega_n M_n = 0.595 \cdot M_{\odot} \rightarrow 0.769 \cdot M_{\odot}[/math]

[math]\boxed{M_{as} = \sum_{n_c = 1}^{7} \Omega_n M_n}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = \left(0.595 \rightarrow 0.769 \right) \cdot M_{\odot}}[/math]

Observable Universe average stellar mass lower bound limit:
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = 1.183 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

Observable Universe average stellar mass: (ref. 3, pg. 20)
[math]M_{as} = 0.6 \cdot M_{\odot} = 1.193 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}[/math]

[math]M_{as} = 1.193 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}[/math]

Observable Universe stellar baryon composition: (ref. 4, pg. 3)
[math]\Omega_s = \left(\Omega_{ms} + \Omega_{wd} + \Omega_{ns}\right) = 2.460 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
[math]\Omega_s = 2.460 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
---

Milky Way galaxy mass: (ref. 5, pg. 1)
[math]M_{mw} = 1.260 \cdot 10^{12} \cdot M_{\odot} = 2.506 \cdot 10^{42} \; \text{kg}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{mw} = 2.506 \cdot 10^{42} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

---
Redshift parameter at photon decoupling time:
[math]z = 1090.43[/math]

Cosmic photon background radiation temperature at present time:
[math]T_{\gamma} = 2.72548 \; \text{K}[/math]

Cosmic photon background radiation temperature at photon decoupling time:
[math]T_{\gamma,t} = T_{\gamma} \left(1 + z\right) = 2974.67 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\gamma,t} = 2974.67 \; \text{K}}[/math]

Cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at present time: (ref. 6, pg. 44, eq. 220)
[math]T_{\nu} = \left(\frac{4}{11}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}} T_{\gamma} = 1.945 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\nu} = 1.945 \; \text{K}}[/math]

Cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 7)
[math]T_{\nu,t} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]

Observable Universe dark matter scalar particle temperature is equivalent to cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature:
[math]\boxed{T_{\phi} = T_{\nu}}[/math]

Cosmic scalar particle dark energy background radiation temperature:
[math]\boxed{T_{\Lambda} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \left(\frac{45 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3}\right)^{1/4}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\Lambda} = 35.013 \; \text{K}}[/math]

Observable Universe Cosmological Constant:
[math]\Lambda_s = \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{c^2} = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant integration via substitution:
[math]\Lambda_s = \frac{3 H_0^2}{c^2} \left(\frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{45 H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}\right) = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{15 \hbar^3 c^7} = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant:
[math]\boxed{\Lambda_s = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{15 \hbar^3 c^7}}[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant:
[math]\boxed{\Lambda_s = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}}[/math]

Dark matter density:
[math]\rho_{dm} = \frac{3 \Omega_{dm} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]

Baryonic density:
[math]\rho_{b} = \frac{3 \Omega_{b} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]

Dark energy density:
[math]\rho_{\Lambda} = \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]

Dark matter scalar particle composition is equivalent to dark matter composition:

[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\phi} = \Omega_{dm}}[/math]

Bose-Einstein total dark matter scalar particle distribution constant:
[math]\boxed{C_{\phi} = \frac{4 G N_{\phi} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{3 \Omega_{\phi} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{C_{\phi} = 3.640 \cdot 10^{-4}}[/math]

Fermi-Dirac total neutrino distribution constant:
[math]\boxed{C_{\nu} = \frac{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{3 \Omega_{\nu} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{C_{\nu} = 0.236}[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark matter density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\phi} = \frac{N_{\phi} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{2 C_{\phi} \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac baryonic photon and neutrino matter density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{b} = \frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\gamma}\right)^4}{30 \hbar^3 c^5} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) + \frac{N_{\nu} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{2 C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5} \left(\frac{\Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{b} - \Omega_{\nu}}\right)}[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark energy density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\Lambda} = \frac{N_{\Lambda} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{30 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]

Observable Universe total photon and neutrino co-moving volumes:
[math]V_{\gamma} = \frac{4 \pi R_{\gamma}^3}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\left(\frac{c}{2 H_{0}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]\right)^3[/math]

[math]V_{\nu} = \frac{4 \pi R_{\nu}^3}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\left(\frac{c}{2 H_{0}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]\right)^3[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark matter and scalar particle dark energy and neutrino total co-moving volumes are equivalent:
[math]\boxed{V_{\phi} = V_{\Lambda} = V_{\nu}}[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark matter total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\phi} V_{\phi} = \frac{N_{\phi} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{12 C_{\phi} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3}[/math]

Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac baryonic photon and neutrino matter relative composition total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{b} V_{b} = \frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\gamma}\right)^4}{180 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3 c^2} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{12 C_{\nu} \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3 c^2} \left(\frac{\Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{b} - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3}[/math]

Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark energy total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda} = \frac{N_{\Lambda} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{180 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3 c^2} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3}[/math]

Observable Universe compositional Equation of State and compositional number:
[math]\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{b} + \Omega_{\Lambda} = 1 \; \; \; \; \; \; n_{c} = 3[/math]

Observable Universe total critical mass:
[math]M_{c} = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_{c}} \rho_n V_n = \rho_{dm} V_{dm} + \rho_{b} V_{b} + \rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda}[/math]

[math]\boxed{M_c = \frac{c^3}{16 G H_0} \left(\left(\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{\Lambda}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \Omega_b \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_c = 1.179 \cdot 10^{56} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

Observable Universe compositional Equation of State and compositional number:
[math]\Omega_{\phi} + \Omega_{b} + \Omega_{\Lambda} = 1 \; \; \; \; \; \; n_{c} = 3[/math]

Observable Universe scalar particle dark matter and scalar particle dark energy composition total mass:
[math]M_{u} = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_{c}} \rho_n V_n = \rho_{\phi} V_{\phi} + \rho_{b} V_{b} + \rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda}[/math]

[math]\boxed{M_u = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]

[math]\boxed{M_u = 1.179 \cdot 10^{56} \; \text{kg}}[/math]

Observable Universe total energy:
[math]E_u = M_u c^2[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = 1.060 \cdot 10^{73} \; \text{j}}[/math]

Observable Universe total observable stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = \frac{\Omega_s \pi^3 k_B^4}{12 M_{as} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]

Observable Universe total stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = 2.453 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}}[/math]

Wikipedia observable universe total stellar number: (ref. 8)
[math]N_s = 3.000 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}[/math]

Observable Universe total galaxy number:
[math]\boxed{N_g = \frac{\Omega_b \pi^3 k_B^4}{12 M_{mw} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]

Observable Universe total galaxy number:
[math]\boxed{N_g = 2.330 \cdot 10^{12} \; \text{galaxies}}[/math]

Wikipedia observable universe total galaxy number: (ref. 9)
[math]N_g = 2.000 \cdot 10^{12} \; \text{galaxies}[/math]

Observable Universe stars per galaxy average number:
[math]\frac{N_s}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_s M_{mw}}{\Omega_b M_{as}} = 1.053 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]

[math]\boxed{\frac{N_s}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_s M_{mw}}{\Omega_b M_{as}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_s}{N_g} = 1.053 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}}[/math]

Wikipedia stars per galaxy average number: (ref. 8, ref. 9)
[math]\frac{N_s}{N_g} = 1.500 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]

Wikipedia Milky Way galaxy total stellar number: (ref. 10)
[math]\frac{N_s}{N_g} = 2.500 \cdot 10^{11} \pm 1.500 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]

Observable Universe planetary composition: (ref. 4, pg. 3)
[math]\Omega_p = 1 \cdot 10^{-6}[/math]

Wikipedia Milky Way galaxy total planetary number: (ref. 10, ref. 11)
[math]\frac{N_p}{N_g} = \left(1.000 \cdot 10^{11} \rightarrow 1.600 \cdot 10^{11}\right) \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]

Observable Universe average planetary mass:
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{N_g}{N_p}\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \left(52.974 \rightarrow 84.758\right) \cdot M_{\oplus}}[/math]

Solar star system average planetary mass: (ref. 12)
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_n} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = 55.855 \cdot M_{\oplus}}[/math]

Milky Way galaxy total planetary number based upon solar star system:
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_n\right)^{-1}} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_g} = 1.518 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{galaxy}}}[/math]

Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?
Is there anything else that you want to see quantified based upon this model for observational comparison?

Reference:
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters: (ref. 1)
http://planck.caltech.edu/pub/2013results/Planck_2013_results_16.pdf

Wikipedia - Stellar classification - Harvard spectral classification: (ref. 2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification#Harvard_spectral_classification

On The Mass Distribution Of Stars...: (ref. 3)
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-698X/2006/1450-698X0672017N.pdf

The Cosmic Energy Inventory: (ref. 4)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0406095v2.pdf

Mass models of the Milky Way: (ref. 5)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.4340v1

PHYS: 652 Cosmic Inventory I: Radiation: (ref. 6)
http://www.nicadd.niu.edu/~bterzic/PHYS652/Lecture_09.pdf

Wikipedia - neutrino decoupling: (ref. 7)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

Wikipedia - Observable universe total observable stellar number: (ref. 8)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star#Distribution

Wikipedia - Galaxy: (ref. 9)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy

Wikipedia - Milky Way Galaxy: (ref. 10)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way

Space.com - 160 Billion Alien Planets May Exist in Our Milky Way Galaxy: (ref. 11)
https://www.space.com/14200-160-billion-alien-planets-milky-galaxy.html

Wikipedia - Planetary mass: (ref. 12)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_mass#Values_from_the_DE405_ephemeris

(source code errors corrected 05-19-2018)

 

universe model01.jpg

universe model02.jpg

Edited by Orion1
source code correction...
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 6 months later...

[math]\text{Planck satellite cosmological parameters:} \; \left(\text{ref. 1}\right)[/math]
[math]\Omega_{dm} = 0.268[/math]
[math]\Omega_{b} = 0.0495[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\Lambda} = 0.6825[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\nu} = 1.259 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\gamma} = 5.012 \cdot 10^{-5}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Dark matter scalar particle composition is equivalent to dark matter composition:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\phi} = \Omega_{dm}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck mass:} \; \left(\text{ref. 2}\right)[/math]
[math]m_{P} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c}{G}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck temperature} \; \left(\text{ref. 3}\right)[/math]
[math]T_{P} = \frac{E_{P}}{k_{B}} = \frac{m_{P} c^{2}}{k_{B}} = \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c}{G}}\right) \frac{c^2}{k_{B}} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}} = 1.417 \cdot 10^{32} \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = 1.417 \cdot 10^{32} \; \text{K}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck radius:} \; \left(\text{ref. 4}\right)[/math]
[math]r_P = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^{3}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck volume:} \; \left(\text{ref. 5}\right)[/math]
[math]V_{P} = \frac{4 \pi R_{P}^{3}}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^{3}}}\right)^{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\left(\hbar G\right)^{3}}{c^{9}}} = 1.768 \cdot 10^{-104} \; \text{m}^3[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\boxed{V_{P} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\left(\hbar G\right)^{3}}{c^{9}}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{V_{P} = 1.768 \cdot 10^{-104} \; \text{m}^3}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Observable Universe total energy at present time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 \left(\hbar H_{0}\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = 1.060 \cdot 10^{73} \; \text{j}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{All particle peak radiation temperatures are equivalent to Planck temperature at Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\phi,t_P} = T_{\gamma,t_P} = T_{\nu,t_P} = T_P}[/math]
[math]\text{Dark energy scalar particle peak radiation temperature is non-zero at Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\Lambda,t_P} \neq 0}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Present time radial metric decoupling temperature redshift parameter global quantizations remain the same:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right] \; \; \; \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right] \; \; \; \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Observable Universe total energy at Planck time integration via substitution:}[/math]
[math]E_{u}\left(T_P\right) = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 \left(\hbar H_{0}\right)^3} \left(\frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)^{4} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Observable Universe total energy at Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_{u}\left(T_P\right) = \frac{\pi^3 c^{10}}{12 \hbar G^{2} H_{0}^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_{u}\left(T_P\right) = 8.439 \cdot 10^{199} \; \text{j}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Observable Universe total mass at Planck time:}[/math]
[math]M_{u}\left(T_P\right) = \frac{E_{u}\left(T_P\right)}{c^{2}} = \frac{\pi^3 c^{8}}{12 \hbar G^{2} H_{0}^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{u}\left(T_P\right) = \frac{\pi^3 c^{8}}{12 \hbar G^{2} H_{0}^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{u}\left(T_P\right) = 9.390 \cdot 10^{182} \; \text{kg}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Observable Universe total energy density at Planck time integration via substitution:}[/math]
[math]\epsilon_{u}\left(T_{P}\right) = \frac{E_{u}\left(T_{P}\right)}{V_{P}} = \frac{\pi^3 c^{10}}{12 \hbar G^{2} H_{0}^3} \left(\frac{3}{4 \pi} \sqrt{\frac{c^{9}}{\left(\hbar G\right)^{3}}}\right) \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Observable Universe total energy density at Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{u}\left(T_{P}\right) = \frac{\pi^{2}}{16 H_{0}^{3}} \sqrt{\frac{c^{29}}{\hbar^{5} G^{7}}} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{u}\left(T_{P}\right) = 4.772 \cdot 10^{303} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck energy density integration via substitution:}[/math]
[math]\epsilon_{P} = \frac{E_{P}}{V_{P}} = \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)\left(\frac{3}{4 \pi} \sqrt{\frac{c^{9}}{\left(\hbar G\right)^{3}}}\right) = \frac{3 c^{7}}{4 \pi \hbar G^{2}} = 1.106 \cdot 10^{113} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck energy density:} \; \left(\text{ref. 5}\right)[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{P} = \frac{3 c^{7}}{4 \pi \hbar G^{2}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{P} = 1.106 \cdot 10^{113} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Vacuum energy density at Planck time:} \; \left(\text{ref. 6}\right)[/math]
[math]\epsilon_{vac} = \frac{\epsilon_{P}}{2} = \frac{3 c^{7}}{8 \pi \hbar G^{2}} = 5.531 \cdot 10^{112} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{vac} = \frac{3 c^{7}}{8 \pi \hbar G^{2}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{vac} = 5.531 \cdot 10^{112} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck time:} \; \left(\text{ref. 7}\right)[/math]
[math]t_{P} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^{5}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Particle interaction rate is equivalent to Hubble Parameter at Planck interaction time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{t} = n \langle \sigma v \rangle = H_{t}}[/math]
[math]\Gamma_{P} = H_{P} = \frac{}{t_{P}} = \sqrt{\frac{c^{5}}{\hbar G}} = 1.855 \cdot 10^{43} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}[/math]
[math]\text{Planck particle interaction rate at Planck interaction time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{P} = \sqrt{\frac{c^{5}}{\hbar G}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{P} = 1.855 \cdot 10^{43} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Dark matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 2 \left(k_B T_{\phi,t_P}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck temperature:} \; \left(\text{ref. 3}\right)[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Dark matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle Planck time integration via substitution:}[/math]
[math]\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 2 \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = \frac{2 \hbar c^{5}}{G} \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{N_{\phi} \pi^3 c^{5}}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar G}}[/math]
[math]\text{Dark matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{N_{\phi} \pi^3 c^{5}}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar G}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 1.207 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Photon interaction rate at photon Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = \frac{4 \left(k_B T_{\gamma,t_P}\right)^2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck temperature:} \; \left(\text{ref. 3}\right)[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Photon interaction rate at photon Planck time integration via substitution:}[/math]
[math]\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = \frac{4}{3} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = \frac{4}{3} \left(\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}\right) \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = \frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^3 c^{5}}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar G}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Photon interaction rate at photon Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = \frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^3 c^{5}}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar G}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = 1.230 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 2 \left(k_B T_{\nu,t_P}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Planck temperature:} \; \left(\text{ref. 3}\right)[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino Planck time integration via substitution:}[/math]
[math]\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 2 \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 \left(\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}\right) \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{N_{\nu} \pi^3 c^5}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar G}}[/math]
[math]\text{Cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{N_{\nu} \pi^3 c^5}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar G}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 1.207 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Particle interaction rate summary:}[/math]
[math]\text{Planck particle interaction rate at Planck interaction time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{P} = 1.855 \cdot 10^{43} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]
[math]\text{Dark matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 1.207 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\text{Photon interaction rate at photon Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = 1.230 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\text{Cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino Planck time:}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 1.207 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Is the Planck energy density the maximum energy density limit in the universe?}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\text{Reference:}[/math]
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters: (ref. 1)
http://planck.caltech.edu/pub/2013results/Planck_2013_results_16.pdf
Wikipedia - Planck mass: (ref. 2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_mass
Wikipedia - Planck temperature: (ref. 3)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_temperature
Wikipedia - Planck radius: (ref. 4)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_length
Wikipedia - Planck volume: (ref. 5)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_units#Derived_units
Wikipedia - Vacuum_energy: (ref. 6)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_energy
Wikipedia - Planck time: (ref. 7)

 

universe model03.jpg

Edited by Orion1
source code correction.
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 weeks later...

Planck satellite cosmological parameters: (ref. 1)
[math]\Omega_{dm} = 0.268[/math]
[math]\Omega_{b} = 0.0495[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\Lambda} = 0.6825[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\nu} = 1.259 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\gamma} = 5.012 \cdot 10^{-5}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Dark matter scalar particle composition is equivalent to dark matter composition:
[math]\boxed{\Omega_{\phi} = \Omega_{dm}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck mass: (ref. 2)
[math]m_{P} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c}{G}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck temperature (ref. 3)
[math]T_{P} = \frac{E_{P}}{k_{B}} = \frac{m_{P} c^{2}}{k_{B}} = \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c}{G}}\right) \frac{c^2}{k_{B}} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}} = 1.417 \cdot 10^{32} \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = 1.417 \cdot 10^{32} \; \text{K}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck radius: (ref. 4)
[math]r_P = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^{3}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck volume: (ref. 5)
[math]V_{P} = \frac{4 \pi R_{P}^{3}}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^{3}}}\right)^{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\left(\hbar G\right)^{3}}{c^{9}}} = 1.768 \cdot 10^{-104} \; \text{m}^3[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\boxed{V_{P} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\left(\hbar G\right)^{3}}{c^{9}}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{V_{P} = 1.768 \cdot 10^{-104} \; \text{m}^3}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total energy at present time:
[math]\boxed{E_u = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 \left(\hbar H_{0}\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = 1.060 \cdot 10^{73} \; \text{j}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
All particle peak radiation temperatures are equivalent to Planck temperature at Planck time:
[math]\boxed{T_{\phi,t_P} = T_{\gamma,t_P} = T_{\nu,t_P} = T_P}[/math]
Dark energy scalar particle peak radiation temperature is non-zero at Planck time:
[math]\boxed{T_{\Lambda,t_P} \neq 0}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Present time radial metric decoupling temperature redshift parameter global quantizations remain the same:
[math]\boxed{\ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right] \; \; \; \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right] \; \; \; \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total energy at Planck time integration via substitution:
[math]E_{u}\left(T_P\right) = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 \left(\hbar H_{0}\right)^3} \left(\frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)^{4} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total energy at Planck time:
[math]\boxed{E_{u}\left(T_P\right) = \frac{\pi^3 c^{10}}{12 \hbar G^{2} H_{0}^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_{u}\left(T_P\right) = 8.439 \cdot 10^{199} \; \text{j}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total mass at Planck time:
[math]M_{u}\left(T_P\right) = \frac{E_{u}\left(T_P\right)}{c^{2}} = \frac{\pi^3 c^{8}}{12 \hbar G^{2} H_{0}^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{u}\left(T_P\right) = \frac{\pi^3 c^{8}}{12 \hbar G^{2} H_{0}^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{u}\left(T_P\right) = 9.390 \cdot 10^{182} \; \text{kg}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total energy density at Planck time integration via substitution:
[math]\epsilon_{u}\left(T_{P}\right) = \frac{E_{u}\left(T_{P}\right)}{V_{P}} = \frac{\pi^3 c^{10}}{12 \hbar G^{2} H_{0}^3} \left(\frac{3}{4 \pi} \sqrt{\frac{c^{9}}{\left(\hbar G\right)^{3}}}\right) \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total energy density at Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{u}\left(T_{P}\right) = \frac{\pi^{2}}{16 H_{0}^{3}} \sqrt{\frac{c^{29}}{\hbar^{5} G^{7}}} \left(\frac{N_{\phi}}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma}}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu}}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{u}\left(T_{P}\right) = 4.772 \cdot 10^{303} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck energy density integration via substitution:
[math]\epsilon_{P} = \frac{E_{P}}{V_{P}} = \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)\left(\frac{3}{4 \pi} \sqrt{\frac{c^{9}}{\left(\hbar G\right)^{3}}}\right) = \frac{3 c^{7}}{4 \pi \hbar G^{2}} = 1.106 \cdot 10^{113} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck energy density: (ref. 5)
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{P} = \frac{3 c^{7}}{4 \pi \hbar G^{2}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{P} = 1.106 \cdot 10^{113} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck vacuum energy density at Planck time: (ref. 6)
[math]\epsilon_{vac} = \frac{\epsilon_{P}}{2} = \frac{3 c^{7}}{8 \pi \hbar G^{2}} = 5.531 \cdot 10^{112} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{vac} = \frac{3 c^{7}}{8 \pi \hbar G^{2}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\epsilon_{vac} = 5.531 \cdot 10^{112} \; \frac{\text{j}}{\text{m}^{3}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck time: (ref. 7)
[math]t_{P} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^{5}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{t_{P} = 5.391 \cdot 10^{-44} \; \text{s}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Particle interaction rate is equivalent to Hubble Parameter at Planck interaction time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{t} = n \langle \sigma v \rangle = H_{t}}[/math]
[math]\Gamma_{P} = H_{P} = \frac{}{t_{P}} = \sqrt{\frac{c^{5}}{\hbar G}} = 1.855 \cdot 10^{43} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}[/math]
Planck particle interaction rate at Planck interaction time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{P} = \sqrt{\frac{c^{5}}{\hbar G}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{P} = 1.855 \cdot 10^{43} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Dark matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 2 \left(k_B T_{\phi,t_P}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck temperature: (ref. 3)
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Dark matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle Planck time integration via substitution:
[math]\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 2 \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = \frac{2 \hbar c^{5}}{G} \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{N_{\phi} \pi^3 c^{5}}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar G}}[/math]
Dark matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{N_{\phi} \pi^3 c^{5}}{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar G}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 1.207 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Photon interaction rate at photon Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = \frac{4 \left(k_B T_{\gamma,t_P}\right)^2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck temperature: (ref. 3)
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Photon interaction rate at photon Planck time integration via substitution:
[math]\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = \frac{4}{3} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = \frac{4}{3} \left(\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}\right) \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\gamma} \pi^3}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = \frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^3 c^{5}}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar G}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Photon interaction rate at photon Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = \frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^3 c^{5}}{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar G}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = 1.230 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 2 \left(k_B T_{\nu,t_P}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck temperature: (ref. 3)
[math]\boxed{T_{P} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino Planck time integration via substitution:
[math]\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 2 \left(\sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 \left(\frac{\hbar c^{5}}{G}\right) \sqrt{\frac{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar^3 c^5}} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{N_{\nu} \pi^3 c^5}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar G}}[/math]
Cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{N_{\nu} \pi^3 c^5}{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar G}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 1.207 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Particle interaction rate summary:
Planck particle interaction rate at Planck interaction time:

[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{P} = 1.855 \cdot 10^{43} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}}[/math]
Dark matter scalar particle interaction rate at scalar particle Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\phi,t_P} = 1.207 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
Photon interaction rate at photon Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\gamma,t_P} = 1.230 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
Cosmic neutrino background radiation neutrino interaction rate at neutrino Planck time:
[math]\boxed{\Gamma_{\nu,t_P} = 1.207 \cdot 10^{46} \; \frac{\text{particles}}{\text{s}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Planck particle strong decoupling time: (ref. 7)
[math]t_{P} = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar G}{c^{5}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{t_{P} = 5.391 \cdot 10^{-44} \; \text{s}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Dark matter scalar particle strong decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{t_{\phi,t} = \frac{}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t_P} \hbar G}{N_{\phi} \pi^3 c^{5}}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{t_{\phi,t} = 2.282 \cdot 10^{-47} \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Photon particle strong decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{t_{\gamma,t} = \frac{3}{4} \sqrt{\frac{5 \Omega_{\gamma,t_P} \hbar G}{N_{\gamma} \pi^3 c^{5}}}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{t_{\gamma,t} = 8.128 \cdot 10^{-47} \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Cosmic neutrino background radiation particle strong decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{t_{\nu,t} = \frac{}{2} \sqrt{ \frac{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t_P} \hbar G}{N_{\nu} \pi^3 c^5}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{t_{\nu,t} = 2.282 \cdot 10^{-47} \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Particle strong decoupling time summary:
Planck particle strong decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{t_{P} = 5.391 \cdot 10^{-44} \; \text{s}}[/math]
Dark matter scalar particle strong decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{t_{\phi,t} = 2.282 \cdot 10^{-47} \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
Photon particle strong decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{t_{\gamma,t} = 8.128 \cdot 10^{-47} \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\gamma} = 0[/math]
Cosmic neutrino background radiation particle strong decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{t_{\nu,t} = 2.282 \cdot 10^{-47} \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Is the Planck energy density the maximum energy density limit in the universe?
[math]\;[/math]
Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?
[math]\;[/math]
Reference:
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters: (ref. 1)
http://planck.caltech.edu/pub/2013results/Planck_2013_results_16.pdf
Wikipedia - Planck mass: (ref. 2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_mass
Wikipedia - Planck temperature: (ref. 3)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_temperature
Wikipedia - Planck radius: (ref. 4)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_length
Wikipedia - Planck volume: (ref. 5)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_units#Derived_units
Wikipedia - Vacuum_energy: (ref. 6)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_energy
Wikipedia - Planck time: (ref. 7)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_time

(source code errors corrected on 12-30-2018)

universe model03.jpg

Edited by Orion1
source code correction.
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 weeks later...

Planck satellite cosmological parameters: (ref. 1, pg. 11)
[math]\Omega_{dm} = 0.268[/math]
[math]\Omega_{b} = 0.0495[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\Lambda} = 0.6825[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\nu} = 1.259 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
[math]\Omega_{\gamma} = 5.012 \cdot 10^{-5}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Symbolic identity key:
[math]n_{s}[/math]  - spin states total number
[math]N_{s}[/math] - species total number
[math]N_{n}[/math] - total effective degeneracy number
[math]\text{if } n_{s} \geq N_{s} \text{ then } N_{n} = n_{s}[/math]
[math]\text{if } n_{s} \leq N_{s} \text{ then } N_{n} = N_{s}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\begin{array}{l*{7}{c}r} & \text{identity} & \text{state} & \text{spin} & n_{s} & N_{s} & N_{n} & \text{mass} & \text{type} \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & \Lambda \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \neq 0 & \phi \\ f & \text{neutrino} & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 & \neq 0 & \nu \\ b & \text{photon} & +,- & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 0 & \gamma \\ b & \text{graviton} & +,- & 2 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 0 & \text{G} \\ \end{array}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Total stellar class number: (ref. 2)
[math]n_c = 7[/math]
key: 1 O, 2 B, 3 A, 4 F, 5 G, 6 K, 7 M
[math]\Omega_f[/math] - main sequence stars stellar class fraction
[math]N_s[/math] - total observable stellar number
[math]M_s[/math] - Main-sequence mass

[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe average stellar mass:
[math]M_{as} = \frac{1}{N_s} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_c} \Omega_f\left(n\right) N_s M_s\left(n\right) = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_c} \Omega_f\left(n\right) M_s\left(n\right) = 0.219 \cdot M_{\odot} \rightarrow 0.595 \cdot M_{\odot}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_c} \Omega_f\left(n\right) M_s\left(n\right)} \; \; \; n_c = 7[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = \left(0.219 \rightarrow 0.595\right) \cdot M_{\odot}}[/math]
Observable Universe average stellar mass upper bound limit:
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = 1.184 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}}[/math]
Observable Universe average stellar mass: (ref. 3, pg. 20)
[math]M_{as} = 0.6 \cdot M_{\odot} = 1.193 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}[/math]
[math]M_{as} = 1.193 \cdot 10^{30} \; \text{kg}[/math]

[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe stellar baryon composition: (ref. 4, pg. 3)
[math]\Omega_s = \left(\Omega_{ms} + \Omega_{wd} + \Omega_{ns}\right) = 2.460 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
[math]\Omega_s = 2.460 \cdot 10^{-3}[/math]
[math]---[/math]
Milky Way galaxy mass: (ref. 5, pg. 1)
[math]M_{mw} = 1.260 \cdot 10^{12} \cdot M_{\odot} = 2.506 \cdot 10^{42} \; \text{kg}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{mw} = 2.506 \cdot 10^{42} \; \text{kg}}[/math]
[math]---[/math]
Redshift parameter at photon decoupling time:
[math]z = 1090.43[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Cosmic photon background radiation temperature at present time:
[math]T_{\gamma} = 2.72548 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Cosmic photon background radiation temperature at photon decoupling time:
[math]T_{\gamma,t} = T_{\gamma} \left(1 + z\right) = 2974.67 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\gamma,t} = 2974.67 \; \text{K}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at present time: (ref. 6, pg. 44, eq. 220)
[math]T_{\nu} = \left(\frac{4}{11}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}} T_{\gamma} = 1.945 \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\nu} = 1.945 \; \text{K}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature at neutrino decoupling time: (ref. 7)
[math]T_{\nu,t} = 1 \cdot 10^{10} \; \text{K}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe dark matter scalar particle temperature is equivalent to cosmic neutrino background radiation temperature:
[math]\boxed{T_{\phi} = T_{\nu}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe dark matter scalar particle decoupling temperature is equivalent to cosmic neutrino background radiation decoupling temperature:
[math]\boxed{T_{\phi,t} = T_{\nu,t}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Cosmic scalar particle dark energy background radiation temperature:
[math]\boxed{T_{\Lambda} = \frac{}{k_{B}} \left(\frac{45 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3}\right)^{1/4}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{\Lambda} = 35.013 \; \text{K}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe Cosmological Constant:
[math]\Lambda_s = \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{c^2} = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant integration via substitution:
[math]\Lambda_s = \frac{3 H_0^2}{c^2} \left(\frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{45 H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}\right) = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{15 \hbar^3 c^7} = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant:
[math]\boxed{\Lambda_s = \frac{4 G N_{\Lambda} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{15 \hbar^3 c^7}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe scalar particle dark energy Cosmological Constant:
[math]\boxed{\Lambda_s = 1.180 \cdot 10^{-52} \; \text{m}^{-2}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Dark matter density:
[math]\rho_{dm} = \frac{3 \Omega_{dm} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]
Baryonic density:
[math]\rho_{b} = \frac{3 \Omega_{b} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]
Dark energy density:
[math]\rho_{\Lambda} = \frac{3 \Omega_{\Lambda} H_0^2}{8 \pi G}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Bose-Einstein total dark matter scalar particle distribution constant:
[math]\boxed{C_{\phi} = \frac{4 G N_{\phi} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{3 \Omega_{\phi} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{C_{\phi} = 3.640 \cdot 10^{-4}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Fermi-Dirac total neutrino distribution constant:
[math]\boxed{C_{\nu} = \frac{4 G N_{\nu} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{3 \Omega_{\nu} H_0^2 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{C_{\nu} = 0.236}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark matter density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\phi} = \frac{N_{\phi} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{2 C_{\phi} \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac baryonic photon and neutrino matter density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{b} = \frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\gamma}\right)^4}{30 \hbar^3 c^5} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) + \frac{N_{\nu} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{2 C_{\nu} \hbar^3 c^5} \left(\frac{\Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{b} - \Omega_{\nu}}\right)}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark energy density:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\Lambda} = \frac{N_{\Lambda} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{30 \hbar^3 c^5}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total scalar particle dark matter and photon and neutrino co-moving volumes:
[math]V_{\phi} = \frac{4 \pi R_{\phi}^3}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\left(\frac{c}{2 H_{0}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]\right)^3[/math]
[math]V_{\gamma} = \frac{4 \pi R_{\gamma}^3}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\left(\frac{c}{2 H_{0}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]\right)^3[/math]
[math]V_{\nu} = \frac{4 \pi R_{\nu}^3}{3} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\left(\frac{c}{2 H_{0}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]\right)^3[/math]
Observable Universe scalar particle dark matter and scalar particle dark energy and neutrino total co-moving volumes are equivalent:
[math]\boxed{V_{\phi} = V_{\Lambda} = V_{\nu}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark matter total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\phi} V_{\phi} = \frac{N_{\phi} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\phi}\right)^4}{12 C_{\phi} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac baryonic photon and neutrino matter relative composition total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{b} V_{b} = \frac{N_{\gamma} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\gamma}\right)^4}{180 c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} \pi^3 \left(k_B T_{\nu}\right)^4}{12 C_{\nu} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{\Omega_{b}}{\Omega_{b} - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Bose-Einstein scalar particle dark energy total mass:
[math]\boxed{\rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda} = \frac{N_{\Lambda} \pi^2 \left(k_B T_{\Lambda}\right)^4}{180 c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe compositional Equation of State and compositional number:
[math]\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{b} + \Omega_{\Lambda} = 1 \; \; \; \; \; \; n_{c} = 3[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total critical mass:
[math]M_{c} = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_{c}} \rho_n V_n = \rho_{dm} V_{dm} + \rho_{b} V_{b} + \rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_c = \frac{c^3}{16 G H_0} \left(\left(\Omega_{dm} + \Omega_{\Lambda}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \Omega_b \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_c = 1.179 \cdot 10^{56} \; \text{kg}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe compositional Equation of State and compositional number:
[math]\Omega_{\phi} + \Omega_{b} + \Omega_{\Lambda} = 1 \; \; \; \; \; \; n_{c} = 3[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe scalar particle dark matter and scalar particle dark energy composition total mass:
[math]M_{u} = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_{c}} \rho_n V_n = \rho_{\phi} V_{\phi} + \rho_{b} V_{b} + \rho_{\Lambda} V_{\Lambda}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_u = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_u = 1.179 \cdot 10^{56} \; \text{kg}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total energy:
[math]E_u = M_u c^2[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = \frac{\pi^3 k_B^4}{12 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{E_u = 1.060 \cdot 10^{73} \; \text{j}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = \frac{\Omega_s \pi^3 k_B^4}{12 M_{as} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total stellar number:
[math]\boxed{N_s = 2.453 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Wikipedia observable universe total stellar number: (ref. 8)
[math]N_s = 3.000 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{stars}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total galaxy number:
[math]\boxed{N_g = \frac{\Omega_b \pi^3 k_B^4}{12 M_{mw} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0\right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}}\right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}}\right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}}\right]^3\right)}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total galaxy number:
[math]\boxed{N_g = 2.330 \cdot 10^{12} \; \text{galaxies}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Wikipedia observable universe total galaxy number: (ref. 9)
[math]N_g = 2.000 \cdot 10^{12} \; \text{galaxies}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe stars per galaxy average number:
[math]\frac{N_s}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_s M_{mw}}{\Omega_b M_{as}} = 1.053 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_s}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_s M_{mw}}{\Omega_b M_{as}}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_s}{N_g} = 1.053 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Wikipedia stars per galaxy average number: (ref. 8, ref. 9)
[math]\frac{N_s}{N_g} = 1.500 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Wikipedia Milky Way galaxy total stellar number: (ref. 10)
[math]\frac{N_s}{N_g} = 2.500 \cdot 10^{11} \pm 1.500 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{stars}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe planetary composition: (ref. 4, pg. 3)
[math]\Omega_p = 1 \cdot 10^{-6}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Wikipedia Milky Way galaxy total planetary number: (ref. 10, ref. 11)
[math]\frac{N_p}{N_g} = \left(1.000 \cdot 10^{11} \rightarrow 1.600 \cdot 10^{11}\right) \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe average planetary mass:
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{N_g}{N_p}\right)}[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \left(52.974 \rightarrow 84.758\right) \cdot M_{\oplus}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Solar star system average planetary mass: (ref. 12)
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_p\left(n\right)} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = 55.855 \cdot M_{\oplus}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Milky Way galaxy total planetary number based upon solar star system:
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_p\left(n\right)\right)^{-1}} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_g} = 1.518 \cdot 10^{11} \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{galaxy}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Wikipedia Milky Way galaxy total planetary number: (ref. 10, ref. 11)
[math]\frac{N_p}{N_g} = \left(1.000 \cdot 10^{11} \rightarrow 1.600 \cdot 10^{11}\right) \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{galaxy}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Milky Way galaxy total planetary number based upon solar star system:
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_p\left(n\right)\right)^{-1}} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe stars per galaxy average number:
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_s}{N_g} = \frac{\Omega_s M_{mw}}{\Omega_b M_{as}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe average stellar mass:
[math]\boxed{M_{as} = \sum_{n = 1}^{n_c} \Omega_f\left(n\right) M_s\left(n\right)} \; \; \; n_c = 7[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe planets per star average number based upon solar star system integration via substitution:
[math]\frac{N_p}{N_s} = \left(\frac{N_p}{N_g}\right)\left(\frac{N_g}{N_s}\right) = \left[\frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_p\left(n\right)\right)^{-1}\right]\left(\frac{\Omega_b M_{as}}{\Omega_s M_{mw}}\right)[/math]
[math]\frac{N_p}{N_s} = \left[\frac{\Omega_p M_{mw}}{\Omega_b} \left(\frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_p\left(n\right)\right)^{-1}\right]\left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_s M_{mw}}\right)\left(\sum_{n = 1}^{n_c} \Omega_f\left(n\right) M_s\left(n\right)\right) = \frac{\Omega_p}{\Omega_s} \left(\sum_{n = 1}^{n_c} \Omega_f\left(n\right) M_s\left(n\right)\right)\left(\frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_p\left(n\right)\right)^{-1}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe planets per star average number based upon solar star system:
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_s} = \frac{\Omega_p}{\Omega_s} \left(\sum_{n = 1}^{n_c} \Omega_{f}\left(n\right) M_{s}\left(n\right)\right)\left(\frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_{p}\left(n\right)\right)^{-1}} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_c = 7, n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_s} = 1.443 \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{star}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Wikipedia planets per star average number:
[math]\boxed{\frac{N_p}{N_s} = \left(0.667 \rightarrow 1.067\right) \; \frac{\text{planets}}{\text{star}}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?
[math]\;[/math]
Is there anything else that you want to see quantified based upon this model for observational comparison?
[math]\;[/math]
Reference:
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters: (ref. 1)
http://planck.caltech.edu/pub/2013results/Planck_2013_results_16.pdf

Wikipedia - Stellar classification - Harvard spectral classification: (ref. 2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification Harvard_spectral_classification (insert number symbol)

On The Mass Distribution Of Stars...: (ref. 3)
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-698X/2006/1450-698X0672017N.pdf

The Cosmic Energy Inventory: (ref. 4)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0406095v2.pdf

Mass models of the Milky Way: (ref. 5)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.4340v1

PHYS: 652 Cosmic Inventory I: Radiation: (ref. 6)
http://www.nicadd.niu.edu/~bterzic/PHYS652/Lecture_09.pdf

Wikipedia - neutrino decoupling: (ref. 7)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling

Wikipedia - Observable universe total stellar number: (ref. 8)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star#Distribution

Wikipedia - Galaxy: (ref. 9)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy

Wikipedia - Milky Way Galaxy: (ref. 10)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way

Space.com - 160 Billion Alien Planets May Exist in Our Milky Way Galaxy: (ref. 11)
https://www.space.com/14200-160-billion-alien-planets-milky-galaxy.html

Wikipedia - Planetary mass: (ref. 12)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_mass#Values_from_the_DE405_ephemeris

(source code errors corrected on 01-18-2019)

 

universe model01.jpg

universe model02.jpg

Edited by Orion1
source code correction.
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 2 weeks later...

Solar star system average planetary mass: (ref. 1)
[math]\boxed{M_{ap} = \frac{}{n_p} \sum_{n = 1}^{n_p} M_p\left(n \right)} \; \; \; \; \; \; n_p = 8[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total planetary number based upon solar star system:
[math]\boxed{N_p = \frac{\Omega_p \pi^3 k_B^4}{12 M_{ap} c^2 \left(\hbar H_0 \right)^3} \left(\frac{N_{\phi} T_{\phi}^4}{C_{\phi}} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}} \right]^3 + \frac{N_{\gamma} T_{\gamma}^4}{15} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\gamma}} \right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\gamma,t}}{T_{\gamma}} \right]^3 + \frac{N_{\nu} T_{\nu}^4}{C_{\nu}} \left(\frac{\Omega_b}{\Omega_b - \Omega_{\nu}} \right) \ln \left[\frac{T_{\nu,t}}{T_{\nu}} \right]^3 + \frac{N_{\Lambda} T_{\Lambda}^4}{15} \ln \left[\frac{T_{\phi,t}}{T_{\phi}} \right]^3 \right)}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Observable Universe total planetary number based upon solar star system:
[math]\boxed{N_p = 3.536 \cdot 10^{23} \; \text{planets}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Wikipedia observable universe total planetary number:
[math]\boxed{N_p = \left(2.000 \cdot 10^{23} \rightarrow 3.200 \cdot 10^{23} \right) \; \text{planets}}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?
[math]\;[/math]
Reference:
Wikipedia - Planetary mass: (ref. 1)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_mass#Values_from_the_DE405_ephemeris

 

Edited by Orion1
source code correction.
Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 5 months later...
On 7/1/2017 at 1:18 AM, Mordred said:

I would still like some clarity on the decoupling time based on neutrino background temp. You may have posted the details already but I would like to see that shown as per the proofs of the equations you used.

If you happen to have a reference correlating relevant boundaries on DM to allow the scalar treatment of DM for the usage you have that would be great.

Particularly since the treatments I am familiar with usually has DM freezing out before neutrinos. Hence the details I need.

Affirmative. The quantum-mechanical model boundary conditions for the scalar particle decoupling time versus the [math]\Lambda[/math]CDM model scalar particle decoupling time and a non-zero neutrino mass particle decoupling time and a non-zero sterile neutrino mass particle decoupling time appears to favor a scalar particle for dark matter.
[math]\;[/math]
Scalar particle decoupling time:
[math]T_{u,\phi} = \frac{1}{H_{\phi,t}} = \frac{}{2 \left(k_B T_{\phi,t} \right)^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}} = 0.0255 \; \text{s}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = \frac{}{2 \left(k_B T_{\phi,t} \right)^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\phi} \Omega_{\phi,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\phi} \pi^3}}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = 0.0255 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
[math]\Lambda[/math]CDM universe model semi-emperical temperature-time scale factor: (ref. 2, pg. 18, eq. 2,  ref. 3)
[math]\left(\frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right)^{2} = \frac{T_{u,\phi}}{T_{u}} = T_{u,\phi} H_0[/math]
[math]T_{u,\phi} = \frac{}{H_0} \left(\frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right)^{2} = 0.0166 \; \text{s}[/math]
[math]\Lambda[/math]CDM universe model semi-emperical scalar particle decoupling time:

[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = \frac{}{H_0} \left(\frac{T_{\phi}}{T_{\phi,t}} \right)^{2}}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = 0.0166 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Neutrino decoupling time:
[math]T_{u,\nu} = \frac{1}{H_{\nu,t}} = \frac{}{2 \left(k_B T_{\nu,t} \right)^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}} = 0.148 \; \text{s}[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\nu} = \frac{}{2 \left(k_B T_{\nu,t} \right)^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\nu} = 0.148 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Sterile neutrino decoupling time:
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\nu} = \frac{}{2 \left(k_B T_{\nu,t} \right)^2} \sqrt{\frac{3 C_{\nu} \Omega_{\nu,t} \hbar^3 c^5}{G N_{\nu} \pi^3}}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\nu} = 0.372 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Particle decoupling time summary:
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = 0.0255 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\phi} = 0.0166 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\phi} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\nu} = 0.148 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\boxed{T_{u,\nu} = 0.372 \; \text{s}} \; \; \; m_{\nu} \neq 0[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Is it possible for the Higgs boson to have a related supersymmetric scalar particle boson with non-zero mass? (ref. 4)


Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?
[math]\;[/math]
Reference:
WMAP satellite content of the Universe: (ref. 1)
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/index.html
Cosmology: nucleosynthesis and inflation: (ref. 2)
http://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/astro/AST1100/h07/undervisningsmateriale/lecture25.pdf
Wikipedia - Lambda-CDM_model parameters: (ref. 3)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model
Wikipedia - Lightest Supersymmetric Particle: (ref. 4)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightest_Supersymmetric_Particle
 

Edited by Orion1
source code correction.
Link to comment
Share on other sites

thanks for the detail. Higgsino and the MSSM LSP particles are still viable however afiak no supersymmetric particle has been confirmed in any findings. That however doesn't discount them.

Link to comment
Share on other sites

On 7/4/2019 at 7:50 PM, Mordred said:

Higgsino and the MSSM LSP particles are still viable however afiak no supersymmetric particle has been confirmed in any findings. That however doesn't discount them.

Toy model particle chart:
[math]\begin{array}{l*{7}{c}r} & \text{identity} & \text{state} & \text{spin} & n_{s} & N_{s} & N_{n} & \text{mass} & \text{type} \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & \Lambda \\ b & \text{scalar} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \neq 0 & \phi \\ f & \text{neutrino} & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 3 & 3 & \neq 0 & \nu \\ b & \text{photon} & +,- & 1 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 0 & \gamma \\ b & \text{graviton} & +,- & 2 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 0 & \text{G} \\ \end{array}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Supersymmetry particle and sparticle chart:
[math]\begin{array}{l*{7}{c}r} & \text{identity} & \text{state} & \text{spin} & n_{s} & N_{s} & N_{n} & \text{mass} & \text{type} \\ b & \text{quinton} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & \Lambda^{0} \\ b & \text{higgson} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \neq 0 & h^{0} \\ sf & \text{sneutrino} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 3 & 3 & \neq 0 & \tilde{\nu} \\ b & \text{Higgs} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \neq 0 & H^{0} \\ sf & \text{higgsino} & +,- & 1/2 & 2 & 1 & 2 & \neq 0 & \ddot{H} \\ sf & \text{gravitino} & +,- & 3/2 & 2 & 1 & 2 & \neq 0 & \ddot{G} \\ \end{array}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
A quintessence boson scalar particle is named a 'quinton' for speculative discussion, because no quintessence scalar boson particle is named in quintessence research.
[math]\;[/math]
A Higgs boson supersymmetry superpartner scalar sparticle boson is named a 'higgson', for speculative discussion.
[math]\;[/math]
Higgson sparticles generation via nuclear reaction is speculated to be:
[math]H^{0} + H^{0} \rightarrow h^{0} + h^{0}[/math]
[math]h^{0} + h^{0} \rightarrow H^{0} + H^{0}[/math]
[math]\;[/math]
Do these sparticle nuclear reactions violate any already known conservation laws?
[math]\;[/math]
Note that only a quinton and a higgson particle is all that is required to explain all observations in this toy model.
[math]\;[/math]
Any discussions and/or peer reviews about this specific topic thread?

Reference:
Wikipedia - Quintessence (physics):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintessence_(physics)
Wikipedia - Lightest Supersymmetric Particle:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightest_Supersymmetric_Particle

Edited by Orion1
Link to comment
Share on other sites

Create an account or sign in to comment

You need to be a member in order to leave a comment

Create an account

Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!

Register a new account

Sign in

Already have an account? Sign in here.

Sign In Now
×
×
  • Create New...

Important Information

We have placed cookies on your device to help make this website better. You can adjust your cookie settings, otherwise we'll assume you're okay to continue.