Reactor ideas

[qserf]

Inertial confinement fusion reactor with an added magnetic confinement fusion boost powered by hot deuterium and Tritium, with added lithium boost. Also has 3 built in particle accelerators for an extra reaction enhancing effect. Also has a few Neutron Bombardment Units and muon/tachyon catalyzers (muons and tachyons may not work, but thinking of injecting Dark Matter into the fuel cycle). This heats up a central core and flows through a water tank, turning into steam then through a turbine and generator, but then condensing and flowing back into the tank. Also has feed water and coolant and helium cooler systems and relief valves and all that, but it is suspended in a large central chamber with almost liquid-point but still gaseous nitrogen. This is just a futuristic design.

Edited September 12, 2024 by qserf
Getting a typo right

[Mordred]

Also sounds like a work of fiction. Let's start with the energy requirements of all the equipment you proposed.

How would you possibly meet the Lawson criteria for self sustaining ignition to get any net gain of energy ?

Even assuming dark matter is some as of yet unknown particle or the mere existence of tachyons. Which the latter has zero evidence for its existence.

PS welcome to the forum.

Edited September 12, 2024 by Mordred

[qserf]

16 minutes ago, Mordred said:

Also sounds like a work of fiction. Let's start with the energy requirements of all the equipment you proposed.

How would you possibly meet the Lawson criteria for self sustaining ignition to get any net gain of energy ?

Even assuming dark matter is some as of yet unknown particle or the mere existence of tachyons. Which the latter has zero evidence for its existence.

Increase Plasma Density via Pressure: Packing more particles into a small space with pressurized containment "tubes".

 

Extend Confinement Time: Keep the plasma stable for longer by heating it to such a degree that it stays hot and pressurized via the reactor containment systems.

 

Raise Temperature: Heat the plasma to extremely high temperatures with radio waves and heating lasers (essentially very hot jets of flame or heating elements).

 

Perfect Fuel: Experiment with fuel elements, such as boron or lithium to make a very efficient fuel.

 

By optimizing these factors, we can aim to produce more energy from fusion than we put in. (This answer was simplified because it's easier to explain.)

[Mordred]

Without calculations it's all hand waving start with calculating the energy requirements for 3 particle accelerators plus your energy requirements for containment which would likely require magnetic confinement.

 I provided a clue in the related formulas for self ignition. 

https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/research/cfsa/people/pastmembers/peeters/teaching/lecture2.pdf

There are reasons why fusion on Earth requires a far higher temperature than the core of our sun.

In order for a particle accelerator to function requires a tremendous amount of electricity it does after all apply the EM field via Maxwell equations in particular Lorentz force. If I recall the yearly budget of the LHC is something on the order of Terra watts of electricity yearly but It's been awhile since I read that so my memory may be fuzzy on that number.

It also isn't simply a matter of temperature but also pressure. The suns gravity aids in that. However on Earth we must supply that energy through magnetic confinement.

However using accelerators and magnetic confinement isn't a bad idea (ignoring tachyons and DM).

The Lawson criteria is one the preliminary steps and can be further applied with different particles such as muons. There is calculation for muons in regards the accelerators available on the web. (Specifically applying the Lawson criteria).The only way to test for practicality is to crunch numbers not simply hand wave ideas. That will help narrow out the more useful particle to use. In terms of potential net gain.

Here is a more detailed article. You will note hopefully the Coulomb collisions with regards to the particles cross section plays a fundamental roll in determining  which particle is more suitable for ignition temperature.

https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/283626/files/VanOost_Jaspers_IN-2.pdf

Edit assuming DM is a weakly interactive particle and we know doesn't interact with the EM field you wouldn't be able to use magnetic confinement or an accelarator to speed up a DM particle. 

 

  

 

 

Edited September 12, 2024 by Mordred

[John Cuthber]

On 9/12/2024 at 2:50 AM, qserf said:

, but thinking of injecting Dark Matter

How?
Why?
 

On 9/12/2024 at 3:57 AM, Mordred said:

If I recall the yearly budget of the LHC is something on the order of Terra watts of electricity yearly

Units...
 

 

[Mordred]

Terawatt hour yearly for LHC from what I gathered is 1.3 terawatt hours yearly. Operating 200 MW

https://home.cern/science/engineering/powering-cern

How accurate that link is ?

Edited September 13, 2024 by Mordred

[John Cuthber]

On 9/12/2024 at 3:57 AM, Mordred said:

There are reasons why fusion on Earth requires a far higher temperature than the core of our sun.

The biggest reason is this.
Mass of the sun:  1.989 × 10^30 kg
Power output 3.86 x 10²⁶ Watts

about 0.2 milliwatts per kilo

Mass of me 70Kg
Power output of me about 2500 Kcal per day, i.e. about 125 Watts.
About 2 watts per kilo

I generate about ten thousand times more heat than the sun (on a mass for mass basis).
The sun produces about as much heat as a compost heap. (Or so I'm told)

 

3 minutes ago, Mordred said:

How accurate that link is ?

The link is probably fine.

Forgetting about the hours isn't.
 

[Mordred]

Agreed I should have included the hours 

[qserf]

The reactor planned is roughly around the size of the ITER reactor and it also has a similar design to the Crossfire reactor (it's easily findable on Google). I've changed the design from particle accelerators to neutron generators and launchers.

 

[Mordred]

13 hours ago, qserf said:

The reactor planned is roughly around the size of the ITER reactor and it also has a similar design to the Crossfire reactor (it's easily findable on Google). I've changed the design from particle accelerators to neutron generators and launchers.

 

Come again ? 

[swansont]

13 hours ago, qserf said:

The reactor planned is roughly around the size of the ITER reactor and it also has a similar design to the Crossfire reactor (it's easily findable on Google). I've changed the design from particle accelerators to neutron generators and launchers.

 

Design? I see no design or technical details.

[qserf]

The things with beams are the laser jets & neutron beams, and you can guess what the middle is(magnetized plasma target). There's also magnets and pneumatic cylinders and such on there but it's not very clear. The top-left item with all the items is the advanced laser display. There is also some writing on the sides and back (mostly calculations and aspects) but my camera is trash so I can't show it.

Edit: yes those are my legs I just moved and my furniture(desk) isn't here yet.

Edited September 15, 2024 by qserf

[qserf]

New theory

Overview

The Project Carmen Experimental Reactor is a fusion reactor that combines muon and neutron-catalyzed  plasma jet driven electro-magneto-inertial^[1] confinement fusion. It generates extremely hot plasma by shooting a solidified fuel cell solution with fast-moving radioactive particles flowing in the plasma jets^[2]. These reactions heat coils in the reactor, which are connected to a water tank, where the resulting energy is harnessed through turbines and generators. The system features efficient water usage as the water is recycled after condensing. The reactor also utilizes liquid helium and supercooled water in three separate cooling loops^[3]. Fourteen small muon-neutron bombardment units  are used to sustain and enhance the reactions. The entire setup is held in midair within a large room.

 

 

Cooling & Steam Loops

In energy generation, there are three main loops. The first loop moves water through pipes around the combustion chamber, creating steam to power turbines for electricity. The second loop uses pumps to circulate pressurized liquid helium, liquid nitrogen, and supercooled water outside the system, cooling it to -75°C with a heat sink. The third loop operates similarly to the second but is located inside the system.

 

     Lasers

 

Twenty-six plasma gun devices are strategically positioned in three sectors around the reactor chamber. These devices are ultra capacitors, electromagnets, e-n-p-μ generators, and laser magnifiers in the setup of a HIPGD. They provide radioactive particles and plasma for the PCR. The particles and plasma are shot into aiming scopes and calibration coils, forming a beam that fires into the PCR combustion chamber at pulsed times.

 

 

     Fuel

 

Each fuel cell weighs roughly 15 grams. It has 3g each of deuterium, tritium, lithium 6, boron 11, and helium 3. Whenever the fuel cell is shot with plasma and the radioactive particles it gets very hot and radioactive and fuses all 5 fuel components releasing over 10 MeV and releasing some more radioactive particles which deflect off a deflector and into the reaction again.

rreea] Magneto-inertial fusion with added electric pulse to confine plasma further

[2] Plasma guns filled with an e-n-p-μ (electron, proton, neutron, muon) generator

[3] 2 Coolant pumps filled with liquid He4, LN2, and supercooled water, third is steamline