Jump to content

Chevron Form Quantum Charts


Jean-Yves BOULAY

Recommended Posts

It is proposed here to represent the quantum distribution of atomic orbitals in an unprecedented table where the quantum shells and subshells are drawn in the form of chevrons whose vertices are occupied by orbitals with the magnetic quantum number m = 0. This new representation visually shows, much better than a classic linear chart, the relationship between the number of quantum shells and the number of orbitals . Also, this new visual model can be easily used in the individual quantum depiction of the atoms represented alone or into molecules and can find its place in illustration of some two-dimensional space-time quantum theories. Finally, this graphic representation allows to introduce the hypothesis of the existence of stealth orbitals, quantum gates opening towards singularities.

full paper:  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346080523_Chevron_Form_Quantum_Charts

f02.png

In the scientific quantum literature, many tables already exist describing the quantum structure of matter. Very often, these tables are represented in the same general linear form to describe the distribution of orbitals and electrons on the different quantum shells of chemical elements. The quantum study of the genetic code [1] has was an opportunity to propose a new type of table describing the quantum organization of atoms. We will demonstrate here, after having compared it to a classical illustration, that this new concept of chart, using an innovative representation of quantum shells arranged in the form of chevrons is more explicit in the study of chemical elements and molecular chemical structures.

 

 Classical versus chevron form quantum chart

 Figure 4 can would be without from comment. Compared to the classic version, the chevron form version of the quantum chart brings a vision as in relief of quantum shells (See Chapter 3.1). In this new version, for each quantum shell, the orbitals appear as a compact square block whose dimension is directly proportional to the shell number (square power). Also, orbitals with the same magnetic quantum number (m) are arranged on the same diagonals. All of this is instantly visible in this chevron-shaped version, unlike the linear classic version.

f04.PNG

General chevron form quantum chart

 Figure 5 shows the chevron form quantum table of the first 15 electronic shells. This graphic concept is extensive development of that introduced in Chapter 2.1 and illustrated in Figure 2. We suggest that this new graphic type be favoured for the description of the quantum organization of the different chemical elements.

f05.PNG

Atoms quantum charts

In this new quantum chart concept, and more generally in the quantum study of the chemical elements [1], the electronic spin is so not detailed (by ascending or descending arrows). In return, it is the migratory or non-migratory nature of the electrons which is highlighted. Thus, for example, representation of the nitrogen atom and sulphur atom such as that illustrated below (Figure 7) is favoured. 

 

With this new quantum chart design, the relative dimension of quantum shells and subshells is also more explicitly perceptible than in a line graph (such as the one presented in Figure 1).

In Figure 8 is illustrated, in the new chevron form chart concept, the quantum structure of the first ten chemical elements. This type of table gives simultaneously, visually, a lot of quantum but also physical information, in particular a good idea of the electronic wingspan of the different chemical elements represented.

 

f07.PNG

f08.PNG

Molecules quantum charts

From the atoms quantum charts in chevron form (see Figures 7 and 8), then we propose a representation of molecules under the aspect of that presented in Figure 10.

This does not represent molecular orbitals but describes the source orbitals of each atom. Again, the chevron-shaped representation of quantum shells, subshells, orbitals and electrons distributed over them appears clearer than a linear or circular representation of atoms.

f10.PNG

Stealthy orbitals hypothesis

Stealthy orbitals concept introduction

This new graphic chevron-shaped representation of the quantum organization of electronic shells is the opportunity to propose the hypothesis of the existence of stealthy orbitals. We therefore propose the existence of two additional stealth orbitals on each end of the quantum subshells, this excepted for the very first subshell 1s. Figure 11 illustrates this concept for chemical elements Nitrogen and Sulphur as example.

 

These stealthy orbitals can be considered as quantum gates where pass electrons changing orbital and subshell, especially in their interatomic migrations.

Although these "quantum gates" graphically (in square shaped) fill the chevrons so as to close the quantum shells, they are not affected by the different quantum numbers applied to the electrons. Any of these gates can be therefore taken by any single electron within a shell.

Beyond and through these quantum gates, the electrons pass through a singularity without classical spacetime and are therefore projected instantly from an orbital to another (outside or inside atoms).

f11.PNG

Stealthy orbitals concept depiction

Into Figure 12 amino acid Glycine is depicted in its zwitterionic state. This doubly ionized state is a good way to illustrate the different possible configurations of stealth orbitals supposed to operate in the quantum subshells of atoms.

f12.png

f12b.PNG

Stealthy orbitals and singularity The stealth orbital hypothesis also requires us to propose the existence of singularities where electrons temporarily transit. The latter term is actually not really appropriate since we suggest that in these singularities there is neither time nor space. We therefore call them "singularities without spacetime". These singularities are therefore a virtual place (without space) where electrons pass when they operate in covalent bond. Figures 13 and 14 will now illustrate the quantum mechanism of these virtual entities.

 Classical functioning of singularities When two orbitals are in possible interaction, so stealthy orbitals activate and a singularity appears. In this new stealthy orbitals hypothesis, we suggest that the first orbital 1s is simultaneously also as a quantum gate (stealth orbital) but only when this orbital does is by only one electron, so in fact only for the hydrogen atom.

f13.PNG

Functioning of singularities in ionised configurations

Figure 14 illustrates the interactions between orbitals of the Hydrogen in excess and of Nitrogen in the positively ionized NH3+ group and what happens to the celibate orbital of Oxygen in the negatively ionized COO- group of the zwitterionic Glycine introduced in Figure 12 and used as an example.

 

In positive ionisation, an electron (·+) from Hydrogen atom (thus orbiting on a gate-orbital*) can generate a singularity towards a quantum gate (of a non-hydrogen atom, in the example: Nitrogen). But this one, not being connected to any orbital, stays on its orbital. Nevertheless, a non-binding bond is possible between the two atoms because an electron of Nitrogen atom (from a full orbital) can cross the singularity to join and share the celibate orbital of Hydrogen atom.

In negative ionisation, a celibate electron (·-) from the third Oxygen subshell activates a gate and a singularity. But this gate remains semi closed (so, as far as, semi open) and the electron cannot penetrate or cross the singularity because there is not another activated gate (stealth orbital) due to the absence of a Hydrogen atom where it can migrate. So this electron stays on its orbital and none bond is created. However, the non-filling of the orbital in Oxygen, leave open a passage in the singularity and in the quantum gate which therefore remains semi open.

*Recall: it is agreed that, in Hydrogen atom, the first orbital 1s is simultaneously also as a quantum gate (stealth orbital).

f14.PNG

Functioning of singularities

Some way, one can say that various configurations illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 are as molecular orbitals. So, from the stealth orbitals hypothesis, a molecular orbital is structured like this:  

orbital ↔ quantum gate ↔ singularity ↔ quantum gate ↔ orbital

As the light wave is an emanation of the photon, the singularity is an emanation of the celibate electron. Also It is the singularity, emanation of a electron, that activates the gates between celibate electrons. but these quantum gates are not emanations of electrons, they are in a vacuity state.

 Stealthy orbitals and chevron form quantum chart

 The hypothesis of stealth orbitals allows us to offer a more quantum chart trimmed and still in chevron form.

f16.PNG

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Create an account or sign in to comment

You need to be a member in order to leave a comment

Create an account

Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!

Register a new account

Sign in

Already have an account? Sign in here.

Sign In Now
×
×
  • Create New...

Important Information

We have placed cookies on your device to help make this website better. You can adjust your cookie settings, otherwise we'll assume you're okay to continue.