Endy0816

6 hours ago, shivajikobardan said:

https://imgur.com/a/dYxPAEi#apvIooQ

Your answer is correct.

8 hours ago, mistermack said:

I've posted this before, but I still believe that the future of humans away from the Earth is in space stations, not planets or moons. Once you get them up to a certain size, you can rotate them and create 1g of artificial gravity, you have virtually limitless free energy beaming at you, and you can land and take off using practically no fuel whatsoever. You can mine the moons for raw materials, you can use the cheap solar electricity to manufacture everything, you have free cold storage, and space is well and truly limitless. 

Here on Earth, we are running out of space with seven billion humans. Up there, there is room for seven billion billion humans, without stepping on each others toes. That is by living on space stations.

I would imagine that the first stage in colonising space would be a Moon mining operation, with a space station orbiting the Moon as permanent living quarters. I don't think Mars or the outer planets would become any use for hundreds of years. The first step would be to establish a settlement that was self-sustaining without help from Earth. And that's a formidable step, but should happen within a couple of hundred years.

Do agree on space stations, though figure people will want to establish Surface Colonies anyways. Tourist destinations, research outposts, religious groups and homesteaders. Best approach is likely to have first established at least a rudimentary space station for that body ironically.

Do think non-rotating stations are likely to be more typical, but either way is good.

Jupiter and it's moons just offer ridiculous amounts of easy resources. The magnetic fields out that way may also be useful.

Root issue is that our evolution didn't involve living in or transitioning between different gravities. Best results will come from adjusting our genetics or otherwise treating the cells. At the end of the day any sensor can be manipulated.

Stints in artificial gravity may be enough though for the initial colonization effort.

Jupiter will be the real challenge.

On 12/30/2021 at 8:38 PM, frankie514 said:

Hey,

I want to do an experiment to see if a metal pipe (copper) will burst if it is filled with water and then frozen using a freeze spray on the outside of the pipe.

The spray I am looking at is the kind you use on skin tags so it goes to minus 50c (-60f)

https://www.amazon.co.uk/MG-Chemicals-403C-235G-Super-HFO-1234ZE/dp/B07CCHPC1R/ref=sr_1_5?keywords=liquid+nitrogen&qid=1640914658&sr=8-5

I'm thinking you might need a large amount for it to work. Would normally use a refrigerant like that with a kit for creating an ice plug.

You might want to use something like liquid nitrogen for its lower boiling point.

27 minutes ago, Ragingmoron said:

In order to have a count of something, you have to define it, right? Definitions are also imprecise by their nature. All cause exists relative to infinite effect and vice versa. I can say "I am holding 3 apples" and convey a sentiment of relative meaning in the context of the intellectual social construct of English. However, what I have not conveyed, is anything true in terms of objective reality. Objectively, each apple contains infinite space and time and is the product of infinite space and time. Each apple possesses its own unique properties, some of which I may believe I can discern. Whatever I discern about the apple, however, there are infinite properties that can't be discerned relative to observation. I can measure its mass but I can never know it (1 gram/1000=1 milligram, 1 gram=1000 milligrams. 1 gram/∞=?). To describe the properties of any object is to err, the goal of the scientific method is to err productively.

My education is relatively limited, are you referring to imaginary numbers?

PS sorry I come across as preachy I like to think I'm right until demonstrated otherwise, I haven't seen anything to shake my belief in the core sentiment of my argument. 

The Meter and others in the metric system use a circular definition(via physical constants) to avoid that sort of issue.

3 hours ago, 34student said:

I understand the basics of GR like variants and invariants.  I will try to explain why I say that a frame of reference does not seem to matter or have any physical meaning.

From what I understand, a muon has a half life that does not generally allow it to reach the Earth's surface from the upper atmosphere.  But it blasts towards Earth so fast that length contraction actually brings the ground closer to it so that it reaches the surface of the Earth when it is not suppose to.  For a person watching this muon hit the ground(if people could actually see them), there is no contraction.

We know that what has happened and what will happen all exist eternally in GR.  The muon is actually shaped as a worldline, a string if you will.  This is the same for the human on the ground watching the muon come to Earth.  And the human is shaped like a 4D snake if you will.

So we have the string existing eternally and still, and we have the snake existing eternally and still.  We can see that these two objects exist with or without a frame of reference or observer.  The frame of reference never plays a part; it doesn't exist in a physical sense.

Now GR says that the Earth is shaped like, say, an egg for the muon (approximately speaking), and the Earth has its spherical shape for the snake.

But because we saw that a frame of reference does not actually exist in any physical way or have any physical meaning and therefor is irrelevant to the physical mechanics of the universe, we are left with the question of what shape the Earth actually is.

Going back to my OP, how can we avoid some sort of superposition of position?

 

Frame of reference is looking at something from one particular perspective vs looking at the same thing from a different perspective. Even though there's only the one abstract Distance there are an infinite number of perspectives.

Need to mentally seperate the two concepts.

2 hours ago, 34student said:

I put stress on "are".  "Are" means exist.  So the two lengths exist with particles at the ends of each.  It seems to mean that at least one of the particles exists in two different positions.  This is what I am asking in the OP.

There's only the one Distance, but different frames of reference will find it has different values.

I've found easier to think in terms of it being a variable, rather than always having the single value we are used to.

We're fairly accustomed to seeing this same sort of thing in fractions though.

ie. 1/2 = x/y

8 minutes ago, StringJunky said:

Here's the process.:

 

Finding Nemo could have been much more interesting...

They do use the opposite ZW system for their sexes too though not sure how that works out.

8 minutes ago, MigL said:

That is the mechanism by which this fish changes gender state, Stringy.
And researchers can tell when it changes from a male state, to a female state.
Presumably, they must have at least, one criterion for differentiating the male state from the female state.
And you are using this as an argument that there are no criteria to differentiate between male state and female state ???

 

I can agree with your above post CharonY.

There are two genders with varyng degrees of commmon characteristics.

Or didn't you mean to say that ?

Best definition is based on type of gametes produced. Even that is bit dubious though. You're not actually restricted as long necessary code exists or relevant hormones.

--snip--

8 hours ago, swansont said:

I recall hearing about this being more widespread when credit cards were much less common, ~50 years ago. You could go into some small businessed and get a small discount for paying cash, if you asked.

Ah okay so was a thing here we've just moved away from it. Probably merchants were more likely to mention their own fees to customers too.

Obviously in some edge cases cash is still ideal here too, but even there P2P transfers seem like they are coming into their own. So happy when I finally got a landlord willing to take payment through Zelle instead of having checks floating around out there.

1 hour ago, studiot said:

Not at all sure what this question is about, but usage varies quite considrably over Europe.

The reaction of the sales person to the question cheque, cash, credit or debit or charge card, phone  has several complex factor and so varies considerably.

Perhaps the most important is whether you are dealing with a large organisation or a small trader.
Many employees of large concerns can't be bothered to implement anything that requires a decision or extra work for themselves, even if they have the authority.
Flash the card of the phone, job done, no work for them.

On the other hand small concerns used to be more receptive to offering a discount for not using a credit card.
I have a personal policy of offering a small trader the choice of, whichever is cheapest for them, to try to support local business of multinationals.
Until recently they usually preferred cash, but changes to banking charges mean that many now find it cheaper to ask for a credit or debit card (some find one card cheaper, some another it just depends upon their bank).

But just this week Amazon has announced it is ceasing accepting credit cards, due to high fees (0.1%) has been mentioned for them.

In the UK people have accepted all these forms quickly and readily, as they did in the Netherlands.
Recently I had no problems on a bus in the Netherlands buying a bus ticket with a credit or debit card, but in many places in the UK you need a phone or a special charge card for your bus ticket.

Describing a very different experience from just walking into wherever here and using a card without a second thought. Most wouldn't haggle over price though so perhaps that is part of it.

Here everyone and their dog is encouraged to have a credit card(ideally multiple).

Talking with people about the Amazon UK change in terms of Visa, is partly what prompted this. Was thinking might work to use an Amazon US account though. Ironically their Prime card is Visa here lol

1 hour ago, studiot said:

But the first time I visited my friends in Germany I was suprised that the Germans disklike credit cards and not many places accept them, though more so do now.

It was explained to me that antagonism towards any form of credit is deeply ingrained in the post hyperinflation german psyche.

Ireland is pretty similar to the UK.

France and Spain are somewhere in the middle between UK and Germany.

Italy is similar to Ireland.

1 hour ago, CharonY said:

In the US I found that case is rarely used in many stores. In contrast in many European areas cash is still very common.

Yeah a German I was speaking with did was say it was considerably more difficult to open an account. Half debating about trying to open a few foreign accounts just to see.

1 hour ago, swansont said:

In the US I've seen lower prices on fuel if you pay cash vs using a credit card.  

That. Businesses can save themselves the fee(~2% here), if a person uses cash instead. Are, naturally, other costs and risks involved with that strategy.

They all just seem much more aware of it overseas than we are. Curious about why that is the case.

Was just wondering why so many seem more aware of these in Europe. In some cases here one can receive a discount if using debit or cash, but largely limited to vending and fuel.

You could seperate them again, via electrolysis for example, but will end up requiring more Energy than combining them yields.

1 hour ago, Geniuscfcp said:

if we see the observable universe. And watch the universe expanding ever faster. Seeing the universe 40 billion light years away. Surely the images are 40 billion light years out of date. As the images we see are how the universe was 40 billion years ago. And say it had stopped getting bigger 20 billion years ago. Surely we will have wait 20 billion years. To see the light reach our telescope. And image 40 billion light years away. Is 40 billion years out of date. Or is it could someone please explain in lamens terms. If I'm wrong. Many thanks Eddie. If they were watching us from 40 billion light years away. Surely they would see. Us as we were 40 billion years ago. I would love someone to explain if I'm wrong. 

Yeah, rather than distance remaining constant between most galaxies, it is actually growing as everything seperates.

I always found Military ridiculous for that. Big, strong guys would often be outside the standard. It forced a number into unhealthy weight loss routines.

4 hours ago, tar said:

So relativity says the twins will age differently and I say that is nonsense,

Anything that is true about how the traveling twin experiences the clocks at home and on the ship will be reversed on the trip back.  The flow of time is consistent everywhere, only appearances differ, and everything adds back correctly as neither twin ever leaves reality.

Both twins will experience the other in slow motion bhecause of the doppler red shift.  On the way back they will see each other's clocks blue shifted.  Clocks will be in sync when they reunite.

Actually if you want to add reality to the thought experiment, the traveling twin will be traveling so fast the the visible light waves coming from the direction she is going will be blue shifted so much that they will be experienced as high frequency high energy gamma waves and the ship will likely not survive.

The changing of frame of reference is what causes the time dilation and length contraction. That's what breaks the mirror between the two.

A difference in total time elapsed remains.

Visualize seconds for one twin  spaced further apart. If counted you come up with a smaller total, meaning less time has passed.

IMO redshift, blueshift stuff should really just be ignored here. The one twin could stop halfway and still the effects of the time dilation experienced will persist.

An older series, Babylon 5 was probably best one like that. War and diplomacy with multiple factions, human and alien. Still holds up well today. Read that a reboot is in the works.

Did love Alpha Centauri. Great game.

2 minutes ago, iNow said:

I’m having a hard time seeing how this gets operationalized IRL if it actually happens. Military is the enforcement arm. They are the muscle behind the decision. If they’re onboard with a flawed decision, then who muscles them out? It’s gonna take more than a few conscientious dissenters and militia clubs with AR-15s to remove a leader being protected by the US military, IMO. 

Who is protecting him from the Military?

Don't get me wrong it could happen, but every step will meet resistance from multiple directions.

34 minutes ago, iNow said:

I reckon that depends quite a lot on which specific individuals each specific president happens to elevate into said “top brass,” or who is made the Attorney’s General, for example. 

 

It gets decided by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the most senior military leader under the president. That individual must give the forces below them the order to either remove the previous president from the office by force, or the command to protect them from anyone claiming to be the new president and attempting to take power / execute the transition. 

See also my previous comment about how and why it matters who gets selected for these roles. 

Realistically their authority will go out the window if they too are acting illegally. Take out them, Trump, install whoever is still alive in the chain of succession and proceed from there.

38 minutes ago, mistermack said:

It wouldn't be the second though. Or the 102nd. It's been happening since the year dot. 

The Germans had a pretty stable democratic system before Hitler. If you asked them, before the Nazis took over, they would probably have said that "it could never happen here". 

Most US is also biased against anything even vaguely akin to King, Dictatorship, Military coup, etc.

Nothing is impossible, but you'd probably have better luck at being President for Life via the other routes. Amending the Constitution or arranging a Constitutional Convention.

4 minutes ago, dimreepr said:

If you need a posse, you're not part of the posse comitatus...

Supposed to only be National Guard(State forces) doing enforcement within US. You'd see most of the country(on both sides) up in arms about the use of Federal Troops.

Everything is as setup about well as it can be to prevent a second Julius Caesar situation.

13 minutes ago, dimreepr said:

Indeed... they just need the occasional reminder of who the enemy is...

Top brass wouldn't want to be involved in domestic crap. Would also be the mass resentment of the suspension of Posse Comitatus.

7 hours ago, Peterkin said:

Oh, groan, oh moan, Microsoft is telling me that Windows 11 is ready to download.

Another buggy, prematurely released, insufficiently tested program that gloms up my bandwidth (There are six computers at this address!) so I can't watch Silent Witness for a month, that offers five new features that I don't need, don't want, don't know how to turn off and it causes at least one of my essential applications to crash.  

I'll resist as long as I can, but sometime, I know, in the middle of the night, it'll just break in, disable Bitdefender and download itself anyway.

D'you ever feel like you're living in Masada? 

Yeah, it got me starting the move to a different operating system. I'm just over the garbage updates.

He still wouldn't have been lawfully declared President.

If no President decided by 20th, would only result in VP Elect being placed in charge instead and Trump escorted out.

There's a reason why Military and Secret Service are sworn to defend the Constitution from all enemies foreign and domestic...

23 hours ago, joigus said:

That's a bunch of commited students though...

Commited to do Seppuku if you fail. 

Motivational!