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Peels

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Everything posted by Peels

  1. How intelligent are dolphins? The short answer to this is that we do not know. There is no reliable method to measure intelligence in humans across cultures, so it is not surprising that comparing humans, dolphins, apes, dogs, etc. is impossible. There are some indications of their potential: they are fast learners and can generalize (which is also true of pigs, BTW). Also they can learn to understand complicated language-like command (which is also true of the great apes). How do dolphins communicate; do they have their own language? Dolphins communicate mainly by means of sounds. These sounds include whistles, but also so-called pulsed sounds, which are often described as squawks, barks, rasps, etc. But they also use breaching (jumping and falling back into the water with a loud splash) and pectoral fin (or flipper) and tail (or fluke) slaps (hitting the flipper or fluke on the water surface). Body posturing and jaw popping also have a role in communication. This list is not exhaustive. As for language, we do not know if they have one. Several studies have demonstrated that dolphins can understand a structured language like ours. This same has been demonstrated for a number of other animals species as well (gorilla, bonobo, California sea lion, parrot). Some studies also indicate that dolphin vocalizations are complex enough to support some form of language. However, to date it has not been demonstrated yet that they indeed use a language for communication among themselves. Source: http://www.dolphinear.com/de-dolfaq.htm
  2. I have done some readings last several days about testosterone (thanks "jdurg" and "Newtonian" for referring this to me). My understanding is that testosterone is unlikely the root cause of this nocturnal penile tumescence. I made this conclusion based on thinking given below: 1). Testosterone is responsible for normal growth and development of MALE sex organs and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. If these nighttime (nocturnal) erections caused by hormones, it should be a "neutral" hormone not a male sex hormone. Otherwise, it can not explain the erection in female. 2). Some men with below-normal testosterone levels can still have nocturnal erections although they have difficulty for sexual erections. 3 Although testosterone production increases rapidly at the onset of puberty and decreases rapidly after age 50 (to 20–50% of peak level by age 80), there is no indication that the nocturnal erections follow this trend. Any comments?
  3. Thanks Newtonian. Would you please show me the source/article that support your statement? Like "The Rebel", "ecoli" and "ed84c", I do think that penile erection in REM sleep might have something to do with urination. Someone told me that they called this early morning erection as "pee hard on". I am wondering how our body can prevent urination during REM sleep when our main muscle system paralyzed. It seems logical to me to say that our body cleverly makes this erection to help blocking the urinary tract when we lost our muscle tones in REM.
  4. Peels

    Why do we age?

    First, I have to say that I am new to this topic and don't know much about theory of aging yet. meucat, your article is very interesting. I will start to search and read more related theory about aging. ecoli, thanks for your link about telomeres. However, my understanding is that, to prove a theory is wrong, you only need to find one example which does not fit to it. In one of your link, it stated:"Dr. Robert Weinberg, a cancer expert at MIT said: 'If it were true that our life span is dictated by telomere shortening, then you would imagine that some humans die because there critical cells run out of telomeres, but there is no evidence for that at all.' It is also important to point out that biologist Carol Grieder last year produced a transgenic mouse that completely lacked the telmoerase enzyme. The mouse, surprisingly, seemed completely normal and had a normal lifespan." This will put a question mark for the telomere theory of aging.
  5. "Here are some of the answers that will keep popping up: 1). No particular reason - it just happens 2). For self-maintenance - so it doesn't forget how 3). Dream behavior - in response to sexual dreams 4). Grist for the dream mill - to induce sexual dreams Go ahead pick one, your guess is as good as mine." --- quoted from Dr. Bob Stickgold, assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School
  6. Why do all guys/girls have their penile/clitoral erections in REM (dreaming) sleep?
  7. Based on my understanding, our consciousness are always functioning from birth until death. Some people are suspicious of this continuation, and believe that we are not conscious while asleep. I think that this feeling is caused by "amnesia", since our brain could not "burn" any new memory that happened during sleep. Well, from the consciousness point of view, the only difference between awake and asleep is that we remember what happened while awake and forget what happened while asleep. That's only my opinion. As to the question of "what is sleep?", I like the theory that I found from the Journal of Theoretics (vol.6-6): to process memory.
  8. Question: What is sleep? Maharishi: How can you know sleep when you are awake? The answer is to go to sleep and find out what it is. Question: But I cannot know it in this way. Maharishi: This question must be raised in sleep. Question: But I cannot raise the question then. Maharishi: So that is sleep. ---Sri Ramana Maharishi
  9. Sorry, I don't agree with your statement. I think that we should feel time passing slower when the temperature are both too hot and too cold, and faster when it is very comfortable. This has something to do with attention. When something (too hot or too cold, in your case) make us not feel comfortable, we pay more attention to time, therefore, we feel that time passes too slow. When temperature is very comfortable to us, we will try to enjoy it and pay our attention to something else. As a result, we have a feeling that good time always passes too fast and never enough, and bad time (un-comfortable temperature in this case) is always passing tooooo slow even only for a short time.
  10. Hi ramin, is your prof still doing that? If so, he should sleep only 1.5 hour tonight, and 0 hour in another three weeks or so. I really think he is just kidding. I can sleep 2~3 hours during weekday, but have to catch up the lost sleep during the weekend.
  11. I think it called "working memory". Working memory processes and encordes the "name of someone". The "name" will be held in the working memory store for short time. However, for long term use, you have to save it into "temporary memory" - hippocampus while awake; and pass it to the long-term memory when sleep. Check this paper http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/Articles/6-6/Zhang.pdf
  12. I agree with 'Phi for All'. This guy must have a sleepwalking disorder.
  13. I will take the position of views from Sorli. Physical time exists only as a stream of change that runs through cosmic space. But, why is it that irreversible physical time is experienced as past, present and future? The answer is that the eyes perceive a stream of irreversible change. Once elaborated by the mind, the stream of change is experienced chronologically through psychological time that is a part of the human mind. By observing the continuous stream of irreversible physical change hamans have developed psychological time through which we experience the universe. Psychological time is reversible. One can go back into past. This creates an idea that physical time also has a past, but this is no so.
  14. This is a very good point. Kindria2000, I think you may need to rethink your theoretical basis about this paper. If you create a human with only positive behavior, what will be the consequence? Say, if you persuade her to eat your favorite icecream, she might very well not stop eating until she, herself, becomes icecream.
  15. Here is the answer to your question (only a theory, right or not, you judge it): the non-REM stage is responsible for the processing of the declarative memory, and the REM stage is responsible for the processing procedural memory. I found it from this paper: http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/Articles/6-6/Zhang.pdf So, I guess, both A and B will feel tired in someway.
  16. This is really depending on how you define "dreaming". I think one of the definition is "any mental activity occurring in sleep". From this point of view, it is for sure that every one dreams while asleep, because it is always something going though your mind. Some people do claim that they have never dreamed, but my understanding is that this only means that they failed to recall their dreams. This have been proved as the cases from William Dement's research (Stanford University Medical School) based on his book "The Promise of Sleep". By the way, there is no scientific way to prove someone is dreaming or not up to the present time. Any claim of no dreaming can only be treated as no dream recall.
  17. Why only worry about REM sleep loss? If you have sleep deprivation, you may need more NREM sleep recovery. That is why NREM sleep normally coming first for adults.
  18. There is a new theory about function of sleep from Journal of theoretics titled "Memory Process and the Function of Sleep", Volume6-6. Very interesting theory. http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/second-index.htm
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