Jump to content

scilearner

Senior Members
  • Posts

    536
  • Joined

  • Last visited

Everything posted by scilearner

  1. Hello everyone, I'm learning Malaria right now, and thought it would be good for me to differentiate plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum. P.V Produces benign tertian malaria, Some sporozoites remain as hypnozoites, Merozoites enter new RBCS Ring stage, amoeboid, shizont, gametocyte can be identified using microscope P.F Produces malignant tertian malaria, Cause more severe infection No hynozoites, Merozoites enter RBC of all ages Only ring stage and gametocyte can be identifed using microscope Now my questions are, 1. What is the difference between malignant and benign malaria? Malignant one obviously sounds bad but what is the exact difference. 2. Now why are amoeboids and shizonts not seen with P.F. To complete the life cycle these stages must occur right, are these stages occuring with plasmodium falciparum, if so why can't we see it in peripheral blood. Also if there are any difference between too, please add. Thank you
  2. Thanks for your reply . I understood the bactericidal part now but I still have a question about bacteriostatic drugs. Now definition of bacteriostatic means reversibly inhibit bacterial growth. . Now my question is even though protein synthesis is inhibited, the bacteria can still replicate and divide using DNA replication, they won't be able to cause damage but they will still increase. So isn't this contradictory with the definition. So when the drug is removed, you will suddenly find lot of bacteria who are now free to attack with full potential. Also I wished I asked this earlier, since your last bit was exactly the question asked in the mini test which I couldn't answer. Why are beta lactams not effective against resting organims.
  3. Hello everyone, Bacteriocidal- Example quinolones who inhibit DNA synthesis Bacteriostatic- like aminoglycosides which inhibit protein synthesis Now my question is bacteriocidal means bacteria must be killed, now if DNA synthesis is inhibited, the bacteria won't be able to replicate and create proteins. Ok the lack of protein would kill the bacteria. Now bacteriostatic means prevention of bacterial growth. How can inhibiting protein synthesis not kill the bacteria, and how does it prevent bacterial replication. Also what category does beta lactamases which inhibit cell wall syntheis fall into. Thanks
  4. Thanks that was a great explantion . So does this mean when we use low frequency sounds, sound is produced both in mouth and chest area, wouldn't these affect the quality of the sound produced because it comes from 2 areas.
  5. Wiki: vocal fremitus, is a vibration felt on the patient's chest during low frequency vocalization. Now my question is when you say something, is the vibration passed from larynx to trachea, then from bronchial tree to chest wall or is vocal fremitus referring to just the physical vibration that occurs in the chest when you say something. Thanks
  6. Hello, It is long time since I have learned chemistry. My book says many drugs are strong acids or weak bases. Furthermore a strong acid in an acidic media is more lipid soluble and can cross cell membrane. This I can understand. HA <---> A- + H+ So with a strong acid HA is lower and A- is higher at equilibrium. If I suddenly increase H+ ions, then HA would further increase which is more lipid soluble and cross cell membrane. Now the book says weak bases are ionised and more soluble in acidic media. Ok if I use the same reaction for that, HA <---> A- + H+ So with a weak base HA is higher and H+ is lower. Then if I suddenly increase H+ ions, then HA would further increase, so it must be lipid soluble rather than ionic in acidic media. I think I'm doing something wrong with the 2nd reaction. Do I have to use OH instead along with water equation for this one, then it makes more sense HA <----> A- + OH- The thing is I'm thinking weak base is something that produces less H+ ions, is this wrong is weak base something that produces less 0H- ions. Thank you
  7. Ok I think I understand it now. Thanks timo and insane_alien
  8. Why does it have to do less work against gravity. Can anyof you point to me to a diagram or describe in what direction is the torque we are referring to. Is in the direction of wheels or where? Thanks
  9. Thanks for replies. Now what has torques got to do with. In torque why do we take the centre of gravity as the pivot point. In this situation, why would a torque cause more change in a car with higher centre of gravity. EDIT: Oh wait I read more about torques, and it seems that at centre of gravity there is no net torque on the object. Ok then I can see why it taken as the pivot point. So simply in a racing car, if the centre of mass is close to the wheels, does that mean the force applied by wheels is less likely to destablise the car?
  10. I don't even understand the question here. What kind of stability are they referring to? I mean generally why is a car with lower centre of gravity more stable (what do you mean by car been stable here, isn't any car resting on ground stable.
  11. Friend asked me if there are 2 racing cars, one racing car has a centre of gravity of 2 feet and other 1 feet, which is more stable? I have learned physics long time ago, but i can not recall learning about this. Can any of you explain the answer to me simply and tell me which area of physics I have to read. Thanks
  12. Hello everyone, Why is bacterial endospore not called a true spore. So true spore must be an off spring right. In endospore formation bacteria replicates itself and mother DNA dies, so what is inside the endospore is an off spring, not the dormant form of orginal bacteria. So why is endospore not a true spore? Thank you
  13. Out of these I mean 1. Capsule 2. Cell wall 3. Flagella 4. Nucleus 5. Plasmid Bacteria don't have a definite nucleus, I'm thinking it is cell wall that is a permanent feature. Am I right!!
  14. It was too late when I realized the stupidity of my question. Thanks for the reply though
  15. Hello guys, I'm reading and trying to understand this and going no where. From what I gather in Type 3 hypersensitivity, there is too much antigen and small immune complexes are made, which are not phagocytosed and deposit in tissue causing tissue damage. Then what has Arthus reaction and serum sickness got to do with this concept (small immune complexes). I don't understand Arthus reaction and serum sickness, despite reading it for sometime now
  16. MHC1 molecules are in all nucleated cells. MHC2 is in macrophages, does this mean they have no nucleus or they have one. Thanks
  17. Hello guys, What does moulting mean. I think it is shedding off the cuticle. But what is the cuticle. Is the outer protecting covering of the larvae, or does the adult have it too. Do you have like multiple cuticle layers to begin with, and then shed them off or you grow a new cuticle and then shed the old one. Do adult parasites also moult. When you see a histological appearance of an egg (example ascaris lumbricoides pic below, can you see the cuticle as well, or does the larvae only have this) Also can the female egg just lay eggs without mating with a male partner, are these called unfertilized eggs. Also what are decorticated eggs. Thanks
  18. Hello everyone, In a bicycle, if I want to go uphill, I put gear 1, change the chain and it is easier to pedal and I move less. In a car also you have to put gear 1 up a hill. Now how can I relate bicycle gears to car gears, what does easier to pedal mean in terms of car gears. Thanks
  19. Hello everyone, I don't know if this is the right section to post this but I want to know what does the clutch in a manual car do. I have absolutely zero knowledge on car mechanics and would be greatful if someone can explain this to me simply. 1. Why do you need a clutch? In a car, you need a clutch because the engine spins all the time, but the car's wheels do not. In order for* a car to stop without killing the engine, the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine somehow. The clutch allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them. I don't understand what they are saying in this. Also why auto cars don't kill the engine, they have no clutch. 2.A clutch is that part of engine which engages or disengages power from the engine crankshaft to transmission? I don't understand these technical terms what is crankshaft and what is transmission? Is there any ebook or video or something for me to learn these basic terms. 3. What is a clutch plate? I found this good pic, but I don't understand it much. So you have flywheel attached to engine, then clutch plate and pressure plate. Where is the wheel in this pic is it attached to drive shaft. Are there 4 clutch plates for a car with 4 wheels? 4. Basically how a clutch works? *I don't really want to know too much on mechanical side but if I want to drive a manual car, the basic knowledge I must have on clutch. Excuse my poor knowledge. Thanks
  20. Hello everyone, I'm confused about this. This pic shows like this But I watched a video on youtube that showed another way.That video suggested a pic like this Is the top pic wrong and my final pic right!! Thanks!!
  21. Hello everyone, I have to write a simple essay about this,I know what to write but I'm stuck with the stimulus so can't start the essay. My text book is so vague. I want to know the stimulus in a haemorrhage. 1. Is it the decrease in renal perfusion pressure detected by afferent arteriole that secretes renin. 2. Or decrease in sodium chloride deteced by the macula densa that stimulates it. Thanks
  22. Hello everyone, This is an area I don't understand much, so I have some questions. *Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (these are true/false questions) -make respiration uncontrolled (I know it is true an it has something to do with ADP no longer controling respiration , but I really don't understand the question much) -Increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to proteins (I'm thinking true. Is this how they disspiate the hydrogen gradient) -Increase respiratory rate (Don't know) Also how does 2,4 DNP acts, does it inihibit a complex, or move hydrogen ions disturbing the gradient? Also more questions -Electrons can be transported as H atoms in the electron transport chain? (I'm assuming false, as it the energy from electrons used to push Hydrogen ions out) -Ubiquionene is a mobile electron carrier. (But isn't ubiquinol the reduced form that acts as the carrier) Thanks a lot
  23. Thanks but wouldn't this collagen ect block the diffusion of substance by being a mechanical barrier.
×
×
  • Create New...

Important Information

We have placed cookies on your device to help make this website better. You can adjust your cookie settings, otherwise we'll assume you're okay to continue.