Koni

With Chemical Synthetic Biology they are 6 Double-Bases = 12 DNA Bases possible (Image)... Why are they not 8 Double-Bases = 16 DNA Bases possible???... Image: (111) - (000) Why cannot the middle Oxygen atom make a Hydrogen Bond???... Oxygen: 2e- = Lone none-bonding electron pair (2e-) 2e- = Hydrogen Bond (2e-) 2e- = simple Bond (1e-) 2e- = simple Bond (1e-)

Thanks !!!

Thank you all for your correct answers!!!... But with light I don't mean only visible for us Humans Eyes light but light in General...

The Hubble Telescope has shown that in the darkest places of the Univerce there are old Galaxies!!!... So, is the Black Night Sky only an Illusion of our Eyes???... ( IF we had Eyes like the Telescopes would the sky be full of sunlight???...) Thank You...

I know that my "TRIPLE Helix DNA" sounds more like "molecular science fiction" but if we could make it with "Chemical Synthetic Biology" we could learn something about it...

I have only forget to write that I had made thoughts about the existens of a molecule that could make the job of DNA... ( The IDEA of triplet bases came to me as I looked on my chessboard with the Hexagons - for 3 players...) A DNA like molecule has to have weak Hydrogen Bonds!!!... So... the simplest way is only a DOUBLE Helix DNA!!! Theoretical it is possible to exist an Alien TRIPLE Helix DNA... The only advandage of the TRIPLE Bases are the 3 Hydrogen Bonds: 8 + 13 + 13 = 34 kJ/mol and 34 + 68 = 102 kJ/mol the triplet... That means that Organisms with a TRIPLE Helix like it HOT !!!...

THANK You very much!!!... so, we can say that Life started with DNA or RNA molecules replicating themselfs???...

I have read that the Red blood Cells (erythrocytes) can be alive for 100 Days!!!... When the DNA is packaged into Chromosomes can it produce proteins???... Could it exist at the START of Life, a Lifeform of Chemical Evolution, without DNA or something similar???... ( Because I believe that the DNA Bases are "complex" and a product of Evolution...by Metabolic Pathways...) Could there exist random Life with Cells that divide randomly into two daughter Cells???... What do we know about "Chemical Evolution" ???... (before the Biological (DNA) Evolution)...

I know that the Red blood cells don't have a nucleous... I have read that the Lens cells have only crystallins proteins and NOT a nucleous...(so, that we can see the Light through them...) I think that there is a time in the cells Life where the DNA is in form of Chromosomes (sperms - eggs) and when I am not wrong they don't make at that time proteins...

I meant all living organisms (with us too)... I keep in mind that: Genes always act in the context of their cellular environment!!!... (THANK You both for your comments!!!...)

I thought about the problem of tautomerism and mutations rate... Probably 4 Bases are the LIMIT that Life can accept!!!... (Image)

The damage of "tautomerism" in the 2 TRIPLES DNA bases of my first Design was: 1. The one TRIPLET can be converted to the other TRIPLET, and vice versa, so instead of two TRIPLETS I was been left with only one TRIPLET !!! ... 2. And from this one TRIPLET the one Base was complementary to itself and creates with two other identical two Bases – from alone – a triplet !!! ... 3. THEREFORE IT DOES NOT APPLY ANY MORE that the 3 Bases are connected to each other in one and only one way and so the TRIPLET can NOT be used for a TRIPLE Helix DNA !!! ...

I first had read the Books from Richard Dawkins like "The Selfish gene"... Now I am reading the Book: "Developmental Plasticity and Evolution" from Mary Jane West-Eberhard... At how much percent % predetermine us our Genes and in how much percent % determines us the Enviroment???... Have we some evidence from a trait that can be influenced from both und do we know the underlaying biochemical pathway???... Which is the key factor on an Organism???... The Genotype or the Phenotype???...

The amino acid F-Phenylalanine has the same shape like the DNA pyrimidines: Cytocine and Thymine ... The amino acid W-Tryptophane has the same shape like the DNA purines: Guanine and Adenine... So, could there exist - at the START of Life - a molecule of ONE amino-acid and ONE DNA-Base connected together???... (image) (a molecule similar to t-RNA, a t-DNA???...) Then you do NOT need a m-RNA transcription and a r-RNA ribosome translation: The DNA Base converts to the amino-acid and vice versa!!!...

IF someone can see any mistake on my Theoretical design of the 2 molecules of the "TRIPLE DNA Bases" of a Hypothetical (Alien) "TRIPLE Helix DNA" please make a comment to Help me to correct and improve it !!!... or simple write me your thoughts about it !!!... (THANK YOU for any post!!!...)

I agree with you because by Life you have always to deal with "Trade offs" !!! But we still don't know how is Life in other Planets !!!... (THANK YOU for your post!!!...)

I agree with you but theoretical it could - in another Earth - be a seldom possibility... Until we find LIFE in other Planets we cannot make conclusions about the LIFE in the Univerce!!!... We can only speculate about the theoretical implications of what we know on Earth!!!... (THANK YOU for your post!!!...)

with 6 t-RNA codons (image)... 26 = 64 !!!

Hello, I have made a 2D/3D Dimensional 6*6*6 chessboard:

How much different DNA Bases could you make using only pyrimidines???... The answer is only 4 !!! This is only a strange coincidence which make you to think about it...

I don't say that Evolution is wrong!!!... But why - could we ask then - is there NOT only ONE Base pair ( = 2 Bases) enough???... But why - could we ask then - are today by Synthetic Biology THREE Base pairs ( = 6 Bases) possible???... My sugestion is only a possible answer why the only Bases are GC and AT... ( THANK YOU for your comments!!!...)

Why have we only 4 DNA Bases on Earth and NOT the theoretical possible 12 DNA Bases???... Life on Earth has only 2 DNA Base pairs... (2 * 2 = 4 Bases) Theoretical there could be 6 DNA Base pairs of pyrimidines and purines!!!... (6 * 2 = 12 Bases) My sugestion is that if Life evolved from only pyrimidines and NOT purines, then they are only 2 DNA Base pairs possible!!! (image)

My Triple DNA Bases model based on modified pyrene(C16H10) molecules has a issue with "Tautomerism" !!! (First Image) So, I had to include the Tautomerism into my design !!! (Second Image)