13 hours ago, exchemist said:

Are you suggesting such people experience a lower air pressure? If not, what relevance does this have to your hypothesis?

According to my hypothesis, air and pressure are related to each other.  pressure alone does not work, and air alone does not work.  They must come together.

 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes a lack of oxygen supply, and people with it suffer from poor sleep.

correction:  Sleep reduces the amount of air entering the lungs per minute.

On 11/7/2023 at 3:30 PM, exchemist said:

In the Apollo programme, the capsule was only pressurised to 5psi and the astronauts breathed pure oxygen: https://history.nasa.gov/SP-350/ch-4-4.html

So the air pressure they experienced was only 1/3 of that at sea level, but the partial pressure of oxygen was actually above that at sea level.  

I did not find any mention of “sleep” on the link you referred to, and when I researched the nature of sleep among the Apollo astronauts, I found information that supports my hypothesis.
The following was stated in "discover magazine":
on Apollo 11:
"Sleeping in the LM became a battle to find what Armstrong called in the post-flight debriefing “a minimum level of sleeping conditions,” and it was a battle they lost. “The rest period was almost a complete loss,” he said."

on Apollo 14:
"Al Shepard and Ed Mitchell didn’t have much of a better night than their lunar predecessors [ reference to former Apollo astronauts ]." 

 

Thanks for the help in finding additional evidence for my hypothesis

On 11/3/2023 at 4:40 PM, exchemist said:

They say no such thing.
 

Certain gases at high partial pressure produce narcosis while others do not, e.g. nitrogen vs. helium.  Similarly, low partial pressure of oxygen makes sleeping difficult, but low pressure as such does not, cf. Astronauts breathing low pressure air enriched with oxygen and sleeping quite normally.

if you don’t know what partial pressure is I can explain.

you say: "Astronauts breathing low pressure air enriched with oxygen",
This information is not precise, the atmospheric pressure inside the International Space Station is 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi; 1.0 atm) 79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen.
and the standard atmosphere is a unit of pressure defined as 101,3 kPa

 

"This information is on Wikipedia and other sites"

All these studies say that high pressure causes narcosis , and low pressure causes difficulty sleeping.
Despite all that, you say it is not evidence?!!!
I am not 100% certain, but this scientific evidences for my hypothesis is worth considering.

I read new evidence in Wikipedia:

"At altitudes above 7,500 m (24,600 ft, 383 millibars of atmospheric pressure), sleeping becomes very difficult."

 

 

References

 

1.  Cymerman, A; Rock, PB. Medical Problems in High Mountain Environments. A Handbook for Medical Officers (Report). Vol. USARIEM-TN94-2. US Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report. Archived from the original on 23 /4/2009. Retrieved 5 /3/2009.
2. Rose, MS; Houston, CS; Fulco, CS; Coates, G; Sutton, JR; Cymerman, A (12/1988). "Operation Everest. II: Nutrition and body composition". J. Appl. Physiol. 65 (6): 2545–51. doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.65.6.2545. PMID 3215854.
3. Kayser, B. (October 1992). "Nutrition and high altitude exposure". Int J Sports Med. 13 (Suppl 1): S129–32. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024616. PMID 1483750. S2CID 5787317.

Ok, No Problem

Maybe I'm too quick to judge all gases

But most components of the atmosphere we breathe naturally have this effect.

all gases that can be breathed have a narcotic effect, although widely varying in degree.

look here:

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/jappl.1970.29.1.23

 

1 hour ago, Genady said:

What accumulation? Our tissues are saturated with the nitrogen at the saturation level for atmospheric pressure and breathing - more or less - does not change this level. That is, breathing more does not increase the amount of nitrogen in the tissues and breathing less does not decrease it. 

Again I'm not talking about a specific gas, my talk is about "breathing gases".

 

and the breathing rate determines the amount of breathing gases that enter the body. This is self-evident, and if the breathing rate does not affect the amount of gases that enter the body, why does the breathing rate increase with exercise?

 

There is an error here::

22 hours ago, asd2791 said:

that sleep occurs due to the accumulation of “Breathing gas” melting in the human body, and these gases dissolve more whenever the atmospheric pressure is greater, and sleep reduces the number of breathing times by 73% in some of its stages⁶ , but because the pressure in the sea is high, “deep numbness” occurs within minutes, unlike atmospheric pressure, it is much lower, so the effect takes about 16 hours for drowsiness and sleep to begin.

 

 

correct is:

22 hours ago, asd2791 said:

that sleep occurs due to the accumulation of “Breathing gas” melting in the human body, and these gases dissolve more whenever the atmospheric pressure is greater, and sleep reduces the number of breathing times by 73% in some of its stages⁶ , but because the pressure in the sea is high, “Narcosis while diving” occurs within minutes, unlike atmospheric pressure, it is much lower, so the effect takes about 16 hours for drowsiness and sleep to begin.

 

15 hours ago, swansont said:

That wasn’t your assertion - no mention of nervous system until now. It was simply breathing rate. You need to quantify this (and there’s no indication you have), and remember that length, area and volume scale differently.

If it is not influential, then there is no need to mention it.

14 hours ago, Genady said:

My last point has not been addressed, i.e.,

The point 6 in the OP is:

but I don't think there is a similarity.

 

I have clearly stated the similarities, reread number 6.

 

14 hours ago, Genady said:

Moreover, the "Narcosis while diving" does not appear until the air pressure gets above 3 atm. It is nowhere close to variations in atmospheric pressure in all other conditions mentioned in the OP article. It is also nowhere close to atmospheric pressure when people sleep.

I had a translation error, please re-read the following:

that sleep occurs due to the accumulation of “Breathing gas” melting in the human body, and these gases dissolve more whenever the atmospheric pressure is greater, and sleep reduces the number of breathing times by 73% in some of its stages⁶ , but because the pressure in the sea is high, “Narcosis while diving” occurs within minutes, unlike atmospheric pressure, it is much lower, so the effect takes about 16 hours for drowsiness and sleep to begin.

16 minutes ago, swansont said:

No, it doesn’t.

breathing, e.g. 30x a minute with a lung capacity of 0.5 liters is the same volume of gas as breathing 15x a minute with a lung capacity of 1.0 liters

We grow as we get older - our lungs get bigger. You haven’t accounted for this.

But the children's nervous system will be smaller, and this, in my view, will cancel the effect of the difference in size and capacity

4 hours ago, Genady said:

Technically, this list is not a set of evidence, but rather a set of questionable similarities. More specifically (a retired SCUBA instructor is speaking here):

 

That's why I call it a hypothesis.

4 hours ago, Genady said:

1. The phenomenon known to divers is not called "Narcosis while diving". It is called, "nitrogen narcosis."

Others may call it that, anyway, thanks for noticing.

4 hours ago, Genady said:

2. The phenomenon is caused specifically by nitrogen and substituting it by other gases reduces or completely eliminates it.

I am not attempting in this hypothesis to identify a single gas responsible for sleep, what I want to say is that sleep may occur by the same mechanism as “Narcosis while diving”

4 hours ago, swansont said:

You haven’t shown this link. Rate and volume are not the same thing.

The table shows the link

3 hours ago, Bufofrog said:

Does that mean that when there is a high pressure system in your area you need to sleep more hours per 24 hour period?  

yes

I would like to know your opinion on this hypothesis?

Abstract:

The multiple hypotheses proposed to explain the function of sleep reflect the incomplete understanding of the subject, and through this paper I attempt to put forward an evidencesupported hypothesis on the function of sleep that has not been highlighted. In this research, I relied on previous researches, analyzed them, and linked them , And i came up with a new hypothesis of sleep function, My hypothesis says : that sleep occurs due to the accumulation of “Breathing gas” melting in the human body, and these gases dissolve more whenever the atmospheric pressure is greater, and sleep reduces the number of breathing times by 73% in some of its stages¹, and therefore The amount of dissolved gases in the body decreases.

 

Introduction:

The multiple hypotheses proposed to explain the function of sleep reflect the incomplete understanding of the subject. While some functions of sleep are known, others have been proposed but not completely substantiated or understood. Some of the early ideas about sleep function were based on the fact that most (if not all) external activity is stopped during sleep. Initially, it was thought that sleep was simply a mechanism for the body to "take a break" and reduce wear¹. This theory is not fully adequate as sleep only decreases metabolism by about 5–10%^2,3 . With the development of EEG, it was found that the brain has almost continuous internal activity during sleep, leading to the idea that the function could be that of reorganization or specification of neuronal circuits or strengthening of connections^4,5. These hypotheses are still being explored. Other proposed functions of sleep include maintaining hormonal balance, temperature regulation and maintaining heart rate. and through this paper I attempt to put forward an evidence-supported new hypothesis on the function of sleep that has not been highlighted.

Material and Methods:

In this research, I relied on previous research, analyzed them, and linked them. and I found a clear link and similarity between "sleep" and "Narcosis while diving".

Results: I formulated a new hypothesis:

that sleep occurs due to the accumulation of “Breathing gas” melting in the human body, and these gases dissolve more whenever the atmospheric pressure is greater, and sleep reduces the number of breathing times by 73% in some of its stages⁶ , but because the pressure in the sea is high, “deep numbness” occurs within minutes, unlike atmospheric pressure, it is much lower, so the effect takes about 16 hours for drowsiness and sleep to begin.

Discussion:

Since any theory or hypothesis must have evidence, I present a set of evidences for this hypothesis:

1-    When diving in the sea, the pressure is great, and a phenomenon known to divers occurs called “Narcosis while diving” The greater the depth of diving, the greater the effect of “Narcosis while diving”.

2-    2- All the components of “breathing gas” have a narcotic effect^7,8 ,and this effect increases as the pressure increases, and the more the gas has a greater ability to dissolve in fat⁹.

3-    Hot air is less pressured than cold air, and the night is often colder than the day, so in the night is often “atmospheric pressure” higher than the day, and therefore the desire to sleep increases at night to increase the “atmospheric pressure” in night , and increase the melting of “breathing gas” in the body .

4-    A study indicated that exposure to heat increases alertness¹⁰, and this is consistent with this hypothesis, because the hot weather is less pressured, and therefore the melting of “Breathing gas” in the body is less.

5-    Sleep duration can also vary according to season. Up to 90% of people report longer sleep duration in winter, which may lead to more pronounced seasonal affective disorder^11,12  winter is colder and therefore the "atmospheric pressure" must be greater in it often, and therefore the melting of "breathing gas" in the body is greater.

6-    The similarity between sleep and “Narcosis while diving”, a study described that “Narcosis while diving” is similar to the effect of benzodiazepines¹³, in other studies, they said: “Narcosis while diving” allows for a faster decrease in body temperature^{14,15 ,16}  and this is what happens when mammals sleep¹⁷.

7-    There is a clear link between hours of sleep and the amount of "Breathing gas" entering the human body. The more respiratory rate, the more hours of sleep, and the lower the respiratory rate, the fewer hours of sleep, As evident from Table .

Table:

age group	respiratory rate18	sleep duration19
New Baby	40-50 /minute	Between 14 and 17 hours
lactation phase	30 /minute	Between 12 and 15 hours
Baby	20-25 /minute	Between 11 and 14 hours
adolescence	16-19 /minute	Between 8 and 10 hours
puberty	12-15 /minute	Between 7 and 8 hours

 

 

References

1  Wolstenholme GE, O'Connor M (1961). Ciba Foundation symposium on the nature of sleep. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-470-71922-0.

2  Sleep Syllabus. B. The Phylogeny of Sleep . Sleep Research Society, Education Committee. Archived from the original on 2005-03-18. Retrieved 26/9/2010.

3  Function of Sleep. Scribd.com. Retrieved on 1/12/2011.

4  Krueger JM, Obál F, Fang J (6/1999). "Why we sleep: a theoretical view of sleep function". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 3 (2): 119– 29. doi:10.1016/S1087-0792(99)90019-9. PMID 15310481

5  Krueger JM, Obál F (6/1993). "A neuronal group theory of sleep function". Journal of Sleep Research. 2 (2): 63–69. doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2869.1993.tb00064.x. PMID 10607073

6  Respiration during sleep in normal man. N J Douglas, D P White, C K Pickett, J V Weil, C W Zwillich

7  Bennett, Peter; Rostain, Jean Claude (2003). "Inert Gas Narcosis". In Brubakk, Alf O; Neuman, Tom S. Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving (5th ed.). United States: Saunders. ISBN 0-7020-2571-2. OCLC 51607923

8  Bauer, Ralph W.; Way, Robert O. (1970). "Relative narcotic potencies of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, and their mixtures

9  Bennett, Peter; Rostain, Jean Claude (2003). "Inert Gas Narcosis". In Brubakk, Alf O; Neuman, Tom S. Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving (5th ed.). United States: Saunders. ISBN 0-7020-2571-2. OCLC 51607923

10  Effects of thermal environment on sleep and circadian rhythm, Kazue Okamoto-Mizunocorresponding and Koh Mizuno.

11  Suzuki M, Taniguchi T, Furihata R, Yoshita K, Arai Y, Yoshiike N, Uchiyama M (18/4/2019). "Seasonal changes in sleep duration and sleep "problems: A prospective study in Japanese community residents

12  Hate waking up when it's dark out? Find out how winter really affects your sleep habits.

13  Hobbs M (2008). "Subjective and behavioural responses to nitrogen narcosis and alcohol". Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc 35 (3): 175–84.

14  Doolette, David J. ( 2008)، "2: Inert Gas Narcosis"، Mount, Tom؛ Dituri, Joseph ()، Exploration and Mixed Gas Diving Encyclopedia ، Miami Shores, Florida: International Association of Nitrox Divers

15  Mekjavic, Igor B.؛ Passias, T.؛ Sundberg, Carl Johan؛ Eiken, O. (1994)، "Perception of thermal comfort during narcosis"، Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine، Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society

16  Mekjavic, Igor B.؛ Savić, S. A.؛ Eiken, O. ( 1995)، "Nitrogen narcosis attenuates shivering thermogenesis"، Journal of Applied Physiology، American Physiological Society

17  Effects of thermal environment on sleep and circadian rhythm, Kazue Okamoto-Mizunocorresponding and Koh Mizuno

18  Age related reference ranges for respiration rate and heart rate from 4 to 16 years. Wallis et al, Arch Dis Child. 2005 19 Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; Albert, Steven M.; Alessi, Cathy; Bruni, Oliviero; DonCarlos, Lydia; Hazen, Nancy; Herman, John; Katz, Eliot S.; Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Neubauer, David N.; O'Donnell, Anne E.; Ohayon, Maurice; Peever, John; Rawding, Robert ( 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health.

19  Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; Albert, Steven M.; Alessi, Cathy; Bruni, Oliviero; DonCarlos, Lydia; Hazen, Nancy; Herman, John; Katz, Eliot S.; Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Neubauer, David N.; O'Donnell, Anne E.; Ohayon, Maurice; Peever, John; Rawding, Robert ( 2015). "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health.

ok

What do you think of this hypothesis (for a sleep function)?

url deleted

 

On 10/10/2022 at 1:05 AM, WADR said:

But in verse 51:56, Allah says he created mankind only to worship him - which suggests that god wants to be worshipped, rather than creating life as a test. This paints a picture of a needy god driven by ego.

In fact, the "test" idea is a kind of circular reasoning because if no one exists there is no need to test them. The test only becomes possible once humanity has been created. So creating them simply in order to test them seems irrational, especially if the consequences of failure are so great, and the circumstances that lead to failure are engineered by god himself.

When I tell you I want to test you
You will immediately say: In what are you going to test me?
I will tell you: in history, or mathematics, or... or...

Likewise, life is a test
If anyone asks what is the test?
The answer is: the test is in the worship of God
In Islam, obeying every command that God has commanded us is worship.

It is known that sleep plays the most prominent role in decreasing “adenosine” and increasing “adenosine triphosphate”.
But my question is:  is there another way, therapeutic or non-curative, to reduce "adenosine" and increase "adenosine triphosphate"?

1 hour ago, Genady said:

Such a primitive story!

I think the story is uncomplicated, which is good, so that all people can understand the story.
How many interesting and complex stories have you had in your life? one or two....
What about the rest of your life? They are ordinary and logical stories.

Usually the complexity and excitement is in "immaginary stories", not in reality.
But this story answers most of the questions that revolve in people's minds, for example: There are those who ask why there is good and evil?
The answer is from the Qur’an, God Almighty says: "Every soul will taste death. And We test you with evil and with good as trial; and to Us you will be returned."

Why did God create this life?

This is a question on the minds of many, and I, as a Muslim, have a clear answer in the Qur’an. God Almighty says in the Qur’an: " [He] who created death and life to test you [as to] which of you is best in deed ".

So this life was created by God for testing, and the purpose of the test is: to determine the place of each person in the afterlife, a person in heaven and a person in hell, and heaven and hell are degrees as well.
Look at the students in schools, they go through many years of tests in order for their place in society to be properly determined, and also this life is a test to determine each person's place in the afterlife.
The test consists of several things, the most important of which are:
- Belief in God, so you cannot see God in life, because God tests you, do you believe in Him or not?
Belief in angels, heaven, hell, prophets....etc as well.
Doing the best things and letting go of the bad things.

But there is a question some are asking:
If God's knowledge is absolute, then he does not need to test us.
Yes, God knows the result of every person’s test without the test taking place, but God loves that he be excused.
- And if God places a man in hell without a test, that person will object that he did nothing to deserve hell, but after the test everyone will be convinced of his place.

14 hours ago, Genady said:

I often see, "not fully understood."

In the following link, I will search for studies in which the word “autism” came in the title, and the phrase “unknown” in the research texts, and this is the link:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28Autism%5BTitle%5D%29+AND+%28unknown%5BText+Word%5D%29

We got 1,046 results.

1- In the next step, these results must be sifted to find out what is related to autism, and what is not related to autism.
2- Then it is necessary to know what remains “unknown”, because some mechanisms are “unknown” at the time of the scientific study, but after a while they become known.
3- Merge the repeater.

Thus, with the previous steps, we have collected the most important problems related to "autism", which need focus from researchers, and solving them may be the key to eliminating the problem of autism.

The truth is that scientists frequently use the term “unknown” in their research, and I thought to myself: This phrase can give you a glimpse into the most important problems facing any research.

For the experiment, I searched for the phrase “unknown” contained in a relatively new discovery: the glymphatic system, and I easily found a set of the most important questions facing this discovery, and I think the answer to them will open great horizons in this field, and these are:

 

1- whether sleep timing promotes glymphatic function remains unknown.

2- However, the relative contribution of each clearance system and their compensatory effects in delaying the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are currently unknown.

3- the effect of chronic stress on the glymphatic function and its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.

4- whether the glymphatic system serves as a potential therapeutic target for white matter injury and cognitive decline during hypoperfusion remains unknown.

 

It is possible to try searching for the phrase “unknown” with another problem such as Alzheimer’s and much more results will appear. Collecting these unknown problems gives researchers focused ideas about research that will be of great importance. This is my view. What is your view?

How does sleep reduce the amount of Adenosine?
Adenosine is known to build up due to metabolism and daily activity, it is also known adonocin build-up causes "sleep pressure",
My question is:
How does sleep solve the problem of accumulation of adenosine?

A while ago I went to the laryngologist, He described a medicine I can not remember his name, But the drug's function is : Drying of the acidity of the stomach, And a doctor told me: This drug also Drying all body fluids.

My problem was in the throat, But I got another unexpected result, The result is: My sense of smell has become very acute, Before that my sense of smell was weak, That known me, After a period, When I gave up treatment, My sense of smell has weakened again.

Then I asked myself: Does the nose transfer messages to the brain through nerves?
The answer is: Yes.

The conclusion is: The medicine of "Drying of the acidity of the stomach" may affect the whole nervous system, I mean a positive impact, The same effect on "sense of smell", The transfer of messages be stronger.

Finally : I have a long Anxiety disorder, Is increased fluid in my body have a role in that?
The answer is: maybe.

I think get thus: