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If magic were possible do you think all those who could use it would allow it to be kept secret like that? How do you know about these tests and the results, if the government is keeping them secret?

Generally, as far as I see it, usage of materials is reduced when making stock solutions (especially when using enzyme which is quite sticky for instance) as there will always stick a little to your pipette tip. (of course, don't mix the different primers, but primer pair #1 with 3 samples can be done with 1 mix >>> add DNA/water to tube, add pre-made primer/enzyme/buffer mix). What TMX is saying regarding consistency; I have to disagree, using separate mixes when trying to compare samples is a way of introducing errors, as you do not pipette accurately all the time. Regarding primers, yes all primer pairs will have a optimal Tm and should be calculated, the temperatures you will use in your PCR will be based on the enzyme you use and the Tm. When you see non-specific bands, you may want to consider optimization using additional DMSO, different MgCl2 concentrations, usage of a different buffer (in case your primer has a high (> 60-70%) GC content), or usage of a different enzyme. Primers are (in my opinion) not very expensive, when comparing with the enzymes used. Reasons for not seeing bands could also be due to bad (c)DNA quality (although I personally think it is a bit unlikely) or non-working primers (but if they work for some samples and not for others, than that isn't the problem). I personally would go about it in a primer-by-primer kind of method; find the optimal conditions for each primer pair and note them down (both from Tm calculations, DMSO/MgCl2 concentrations for GC content and product length, and from experimental evidence seen in your gels) then once one works perfectly, do it for all of them. Yes it is a lot of work, but I suppose with 20 primers, it is quite a big project anyway. Please take a look at PCR troubleshooting, and of course try to understand why certain chemicals effect your results and how the different enzymes work (sometimes changing enzyme can solve issues and personally I sometimes don't understand WHY this solves the issue, but it does). https://international.neb.com/tools-and-resources/troubleshooting-guides/pcr-troubleshooting-guide (or any other troubleshooting guide, this one is just the first one that came up on google). Hope this helps, please discuss with your professor as they will be more knowledgeable and may disagree (while I have done my fair share of PCR, I wouldn't consider myself an expert). Goodluck! -Dagl

“The technology of any sufficiently advanced civilization is indistinguishable from magic.” ~ACClarke

Nobody can move things with their minds in a way that would satisfy normal scientific skepticism. If they could, why hasn't even one of them passed experimental observation? We could easily test for something like that, and we have, and we've never found anyone that could do it. Many claim to, but they never pass the testing. Do you know anything about evolution? Given that moving objects mentally would be a HUGE advantage to any species, a trait like that would most certainly be passed along to future generations. If "psy" powers were even a little bit true, it wouldn't take very many generations before we started seeing LOTS of evidence. We don't, therefore we can safely say these "powers" are unsupported and probably just wishful thinking. There is no evidence for telekinesis. As for the rest of it, there has to be a mechanism for channeling energy to be used for work. Muscles are one such mechanism, but we have no organs for "psy" powers. All the things we do with our brains (which is an AMAZING amount) may not be known currently, but there is no mechanism that could convert brain functions directly into work. It's similar to claims that "toxins" can be pulled from the body using an electrolytic foot bath. It's a bogus claim because, again, no mechanism exists for drawing anything from the soles of the feet (except perhaps skin cells and friction). But it SOUNDS like it would work, so the claims fool a lot of people.

Thanks for your question. Just as this is your first gel electrophoresis of PCR, this is my first time reflecting on PCR in quite a few years, so don't take my word for it completely but I'm going based on memory here to try to help you/answer your question since I see no one else has yet. Hopefully someone else chimes in and corrects me where I'm wrong. 1.- The impression I'm getting from your professor, since she's asking you to do them separately, is that she wants you to retain how to make the mix and also she wants you to be careful/not wasteful of the products. It's a tedious process, and the best way to learn is by repetition. The fact that your professor's asking you to repetitively go through the protocol shows me she really wants you to learn and perfect your method of PCR. More importantly, I think your professor doesn't want you to affect the quality of the outcome of PCR. Perhaps making a larger batch could cause you to dilute the primers more than what they should be, which with one mistake the whole batch would be ruined. From what I recall (years ago), primers are expensive so she also probably doesn't want you to waste the whole thing in one go. Instead, if you work on them one at a time, it'll help for keeping the outcome consistent with minimal/negligent errors. So, although I don't think it's a necessary measure, I do feel it would be the smarter thing to do if you really want to ingrain PCR technique and also take precautionary measures as well as keep the outcome consistent. Also, it could be the case that one of the primers may require a different step which cannot be applied to other primers. 2.- Primer = DNA piece that will be basically copied/recreated. DNA is molecular compound which means having the DNA of one species of bell pepper should be similar to another species of bell pepper. This means the environment in which DNA reproduces should be the same. So, no I don't believe each primer will have temperatures different than one another's but perhaps there may be additional steps required to produce a certain result you're looking for (one of the species). 3.- Blank is supposed to stain so that you have an independent/standard component to compare the rest of your strands with. The ones that didn't show either weren't dyed or something may have gone wrong – most probably a forgotten ingredient (which is probably the reason why your professor wants you to repetitively make the batches), or something may have gone wrong. This link may help with that: https://www.fws.gov/aah/PDF/PCRTS1_NoBand.pdf Try troubleshooting using that. Hope this helps!

Notice how little time you spend on what I actually said about my law wrt the thread in general, and how much time you spend doing damage control because you wanted to strawman me with Trump references and arguments I never made? My whole point was that I would like to see what Americans could do if they didn't have a private army of "justice seekers" trying to put them in jail for profit. I think we could make our whole society better if we weren't housing 25% of the world's prisoners on a business growth model. How about you respond to that?

And you're still playing the victim... I've already explained that I thought your first line was a set of laws that you proposed; and I apologized for my misunderstanding. Your UBI is a policy that gets voted into place. In my mind; a law has consequence for non-abidance; otherwise, it's a suggestion. As to why you would take my joke about you being a D Trump advisor so badly, I really didn't think that would be an issue, given your well-known feelings for the man. The fact that you pretend to be 'hurt' by my joking, reminds me of the time you called me a 'TRUMPet' ( even though you know how I feel about the man ). I don't recall going 'crying to mommy' after that incident. Then again, I've never subscribed to 'victimhood". And by all means, Swansont, go ahead and split off this 'hijack', even though I'm just responding to other's 'hijacks'.

Ok you geniuses go do shit at the rest of your pathetic lives.

Well you know I am reffering to a law , not a policy . Cut the crap ok?

probably because the higher-ups don't want us to know about it,the FBI keep a lot of Secrets so maybe this is one of them and maybe the other countries do the same thing,I mean think about it,if magic was possible do you think anyone who found it first would want people would want people to know about it or would they want to go to the top and hide it for that they can stay at the top,I would say staying at the top would be more likely as well as them hiding it then anything else. and it has been tested many times and there was results to some of those tests just the government wants to keep those tests as hidden as possible so that they can stay in the top.