Jonathon J. Wright

Thanks for helping with my article I am just a mathmatician not a physicist so I'm learning as I go. What do you think will happen with the proton propulsion system? Will it do anything. Also, I was reading that article on plasma and was noticing the degree of ionization. It says: The degree of ionization of a plasma is the proportion of atoms that have lost (or gained) electrons, and is controlled mostly by the temperature. Even a partially ionized gas in which as little as 1% of the particles are ionized can have the characteristics of a plasma (i.e., response to magnetic fields and high electrical conductivity). I think when ionized the ions will leave the containment quickly before becoming a plasma and very much less than 1% will be ionized at the same time and won't have the characteristics of a plasma. This was just a thought. Wondering what you think. Also I was looking at this web page about ion thrusters http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_thruster#Propellants Jon

This proton propulsion system is much like an ion thruster that typically accelerates ion's of Xenon into the exhaust. This proton propulsion uses accelerated hydrogen ions instead of xenon ions of which both are plasmas and still accelerate the ions into the exhaust.

There is no heat involved in the process just electricity. Therefore, it will not turn form gas to plasma.

Typical Hydrogen contains one proton in the nucleus and one electron in it's electron orbital level. In order to ionize Hydrogen, which means to break it into a separate proton and electron; a field of 13.6 electron volts is necessary. What would happen if Hydrogen is contained in a steel containment and the Hydrogen atoms are ionized? I propose that the electrons will fly out of the containment and the protons will bounce around the containment until they settle due, to being unipolar. However, if a section of the containment is made of copper, silver or gold, the protons will be released from the containment, but never settle due to their being linear channels in these metals big enough to fit protons through (the crystal structures of copper, silver and gold are cubic face centered). The protons will bounce around the containment until they run into the copper, silver or gold section, where they will fly out linearly and never have the opportunity to settle at the bottom of the containment due to the proton being unipolar. Also, instead of just a copper, gold or silver section, you make a section that is attached to a wire(copper, silver or gold); protons will run through the wire like electrons through wires except the protons will flow through the channels and the electrons will go from free electrons to free electron through the wire. This would be the beginning of protonics which is similar to electronics. Once protons are run through wires, many experiments can be performed in the subject of protonics. With releasing the protons through a section of copper, gold or silver the protons will propel the protonic propeller much like a jet engine when the protons hit the atmosphere. This propulsion could also turn an electrical generating turbine.

Cold Fission: Helium does not decay into alpha and beta particles like many other atoms such as Uranium 238. Theses alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to the Helium nucleus. Whereas, beta particles are high energy, high speed electrons or positrons. In this study we are utilizing beta particles that are high speed electrons. What would the effect be if Helium is synthetically ionized into alpha and beta particles? The beta particles will leave the containment and in the containment, alpha particles will be attracted to the electrons in the orbital levels of the remaining Helium atoms. The alpha particles will attract the Helium atoms and spin around in the containment trying to turn itself back into Helium atoms. The alpha particles and Helium atoms will never reach homeostasis and always spin around in the containment. These alpha particles and Helium atoms will bounce around in the containment possibly generating perpetual static electricity on the outside of the containment which should be made of aluminum and can be used to produce perpetual DC electricity.. First, we also need to look at the pressure inside the containment during the Helium synthetic ionization. With an increase in pressure there would be a risk of the containment leaking. With a decrease in pressure the atoms and alpha particles will be further away from one another, limiting contact and decreasing the static electricity it produces. In this experiment, the pressure should be stable for a long time as the alpha particles will be attracted to the electrons of the Helium atoms. However, after a while if too many Helium atoms are ionized, the pressure will eventually decrease as there are fewer atoms contained and subsequently less electrons for the alpha particles to attract and bounce off of. Alpha particles are bipolar. One side has a positive and the other positive separated by a neutral middle. The positive sides have a maximum attraction to electrons at where the orbital levels are in Helium. Therefore, the bipolar alpha particle will attract the electrons in the surviving Helium atoms and they will(alpha particles) simulate the Helium atom. However, if too many Helium atoms are ionized, there will not be enough electrons to attract and the alpha particles will float to the bottom as it is subject to gravity. Nevertheless, if not too many Helium atoms are ionized, alpha particles will simulate Helium atoms. Like Helium, the alpha particles will not be subject to gravity as Helium atoms are not as long as there are enough Helium atoms for the alpha particles to simulate. What we are trying to generate is positive static electricity, which is the collection of electrically charged particles on the surface of a material. Some materials such as aluminum and lead are great at creating positive static electricity, whereas steel is neutral and gold is great for creating negative static electricity[1]. Lead is better at generating static electricity than aluminum, but it has a low melting point of 621.5 degrees F[2] compared to aluminum which is 1,220.666 degrees F[3. Therefore due to aluminum being a great positive static electricity generator and a relatively high melting point, it is what should be chosen as the skin of the containment. With an aluminum containment shell, the Helium atoms and alpha particles inside will bounce around each other and the skin of the containment, generating positive static electricity on the aluminum. This experiment involves the containment of pure Helium with a field of 2.5727 Me V of electricity entering inside an aluminum shell. This will ionize some of the Helium atoms into alpha and beta particles. This may produce perpetual static electricity instead of looking for heat which is what happens in uranium fission. I theorized that there needs to be an amount of Helium always in the containment to keep the spinning of the Helium and alpha particles in the containment. Therefore, the may be a maximum percentage of Helium ionization compared to non-Helium ionization that produces the most perpetual static electricity. This point of maximum static electricity will occur when the pressure of the containment start decreasing during ionization. This means there are more alpha particles and less Helium to have the alpha particles behaving similar to Helium atoms. Last, static electricity is DC, when a discharge occurs, current flows in one direction, from positively charged areas to negatively charged areas. Nevertheless, when a static discharge occurs, such as lightning, the current rise and fall times are very quick, a few milliseconds or less. The issue with static electricity is that as soon as you try to harness it, the source is so limited that it discharges almost immediately like lightning. However, with this experiment the static electricity never ends as the alpha particles will chase the Helium atoms and never reach homeostasis and can be discharged continuously. Static electricity is created perpetually. With Helium and alpha particles spinning around inside the containment skin of aluminum, static electricity may build up on the outside of the containment(Please note that a skin for the containment can not be steel as it is neutral to static electricity.) The alpha particles and Helium atoms will perpetually spin in the containment, causing the creation of continuous static electricity. This static electricity can be taped into DC electricity to provide new nuclear power that is perpetual with no radio active waste. References: [1] http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/static_materials.htm [2] http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/pb.html [3] http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/al.html