socratus

About the Gravity-time and Gravity-space. =… We speak the word "time" without concrete scientific definition. Therefore our knowledge about "time" is foggy. But if we say "gravity-time" then the fog is disappeared because for us there aren't another "time" expect the "gravity-time". We don't use light- travel- time ( so- called 1 Astronomical Unit) in our daily life. ==.. The same "fog" is with the word "space". For us there isn't another "space" expect the "gravity- space". We don't use another spaces in our daily life. ==.. The conceptions "time" and "space" are property of Gravity. Without gravity there isn't "time", there isn't "space". Gravity-time and gravity-space are relative conceptions. The discussion about "time" and "space" without Gravity is tautology. ==… Best wishes. Israel Sadovnik Socratus ================================…

History of the "quantum of action" (1900-1927) / by Socratus / =====. a) In 1900 Planck united together two formulas ( Rayleigh–Jeansfor for long and Wien's for short wavelengths) and then divided them. He was himself very surprised when the result was found correct. And after that came . . . . : " . . . some weeks of the hardest work of my life . . ." The result was – quantum of action (as energy multiply time: h=Et) The coefficient (h) was neither in the Rayleigh–Jeansfor nor in the Wien's formulas. Planck took unit (h) as in some books are written: "intuitively, instinctively, phenomenologically" b) In 1905 Einstein introduced unit (h) in different way. Einstein wrote it as: h=kb (Boltzmann coefficient multiply Wien's displacement constant) And in 1906 Einstein wrote that Planck's and his results are equal. But Einstein's formula explains quantum nature more clearly. For practical uses both Planck and Einstein multiplied "quantum of action" by frequency : E=hf. c) In 1913 Bohr introduced "quant of action" in the hydrogen-atom. d) In 1916 Sommerfeld wrote that “quantum of action” took part in the “fine structure ” ( and as result we have complete full formula of electron’s structure: e^2=ah*c) e) In 1923 De Broglie wrote that "quant of action" can be "pilot-wave". f) In 1924 Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck wrote that "quant of action" can work in another way as: h*(bar) = h/2pi g) In 1924 Pauli discovered that "the quantum of action" must obey "the exclusion principle". h) In 1925 Heisenberg went a step further. He discovered "the uncertainty principle" (HUP): Et>h*, px>h*. i) In the same 1925 year Schrodinger explained that de Broglie's "pilot-wave" can work as "psi-wave function". j) In 1926 Schrodinger found relation between his "psi-wave function" and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. k) In 1926 Born showed that could be probability of finding the "quant of action" in local place of the "psi-wave function". l) In1927 Dirac "put into place the last of quantum theory's building blocks". He "playing with beautiful equations" explained that the "quantum of action" must have one negative anti-brother (-E=Mc^2) in "an unobserved infinite sea". ==============… Result. The QM interpretation doesn't fit the logical presentation. Feynman wrote: " The theory of quantum electrodynamics describes Nature as absurd from the point of view of common sense. And it agrees fully with experiment. So I hope you accept Nature as She is — absurd." / Book: QED : The Strange Theory of Light and Matter / My conclusion. Nature is not an absurd structure. It is our "scientific" thought of Nature can be absurd, it is our "philosophy of science" can be abstract. How is possible to escape philosophical absurd? My solution. The history of the "quantum of action" (1900-1927) shows that "quantum of action" can be a quantum of light, and "quantum of action" can be an electron, and "quantum of action" has connection with an antiparticle . . . . . In the other words, quantum of light, electron and antiparticle can be one and the same real particle of different actions in different conditions. This is possible because "quantum of action" obeys “ The law of conservation and transformation energy/mass”. "Quantum of action" has many formulas and they can be tied together only through physical process of "transformation" but what "transformation" means according to one single "quantum of action" nobody explains. The Existence begins on the quantum level and "quantum of action" is primary particle of existence. Not from "big bang", not from "Higgs boson", not from "string particles in 11-D", not from "meson, muon, tau . . . . and 1000 their brothers" but only from Planck's / Einstein's "quantum of action" creation of Nature was started. ==.. Best wishes. Israel Sadovnik Socratus =============…

Very brief electromagnetic history. / By Israel Socratus / ===… Part one. Oersted demonstrated connection between electricity and magnetism. Ampere gave mathematical explanation to this effect. Faraday discovered the reverse effect: relationship between magnetic and electric fields. ( how to use magnetism to induce electricity) Maxwell (using mechanical model: balls, springs, hooks . . . etc.) found mathematical equations to describe Faraday’s idea. Oliver Heaviside reformulated twelve (12) Maxwell’s equations to the modern four (4) equations. Hertz discovered Maxwell’s electro- magnetic waves and . . . he wrote that . . . EM waves cannot be put into practice. But . . . . . Morse created the telegraph and Morse Code. Bell is often credited as the inventor of the telephone. Marconi developed the first effective system of radio. . . . etc . . . . # Part two. Maxwell’s EM theory was theory about waves. It said nothing about particles. It was Lorentz who introduced particle-electron in Maxwell theory. And it was Einstein who developed and leaded Maxwell / Lorentz EM theory into the “forest / jungles” of SRT. # Part three. Planck united together long and short wavelengths and said that this unity is possible if they ( long waves and short waves) have something common. The common is – quantum, quantum of action. De Broglie decided vice versa: quantum discrete particle can be as a wave – as a "pilot-wave". Later SRT + QT created conditions for modern technological progress. ===… My conclusion. Different waves ( long and short) have something common in behavior. The common is quantum- quantum of action- quantum particle in action. Planck’s “quantum of action” is quantum particle in action. It means that there isn’t EM waves without quantum particles in action. Different quantum particles in action create different kinds of waves. The source of all EM waves (and all phenomenons in Nature) are different quantum particles in action with energy E=h*f The particle’s energy of Gamma-Radiation waves is E=h*f , The particle’s energy of Röntgen-Radiation waves is E=h*f, The particle’s (photon) energy of Light waves is E=h*f, The particle’s energy of Infra-red-waves is E=h*f , The particle’s energy of Super/Ultra-High-TV waves is E=h*f, The particle’s energy of Radio waves is E=h*f . . . . etc . . . etc. What is difference between them? Frequencies make difference between quantum particles in action and their EM waves. ===… Once more. Photon, electron, x rays, cosmic rays, microwaves, radio waves, TV-waves all they have in common one thing: frequency. Change the frequency and you can step from one to another particle. Frequency is the key to quantum particles. Frequency makes difference between particles (EM waves). Book. " . . . photons with extremely high fluctuations (frequency) . . . in the experience was observed . . . . the remarkable phenomenon of transformation them in … … …electrons. Undoubtedly, a reverse process is also possible." /Book. " Isaac Newton ", page 94.By academician S. I. Vavilov./ ===… Planck’s quantum particles are quantum particles in actions. The results of these actions are different frequencies. Question: How did frequencies appear in actions, in nature? Answer: The frequencies are result of quantum particle’s high speed self-rotation (a particle behaves like having self- angular momentum) around its own axis. There are many different kinds of waves but all they were created by this one scheme: h*=h/2pi. This effect (spin) was found by Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck in 1925. And in spite of that this effect is well-known for a long time, until today it doesn’t adopt philosophical as real physical self-action of quantum particles, as real self-rotation process of quantum particles. ============… Best wishes. Israel Sadovnik Socratus. ========= …